PIV experiment and large eddy simulation of turbulence characteristics in a confined impinging jet reactor
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摘要
Confined impinging jet reactor(CIJR) is a typical process intensification device used in the chemical industry.In this study, two dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) and Large Eddy Simulation(LES) method were used to investigate the flow field in a CIJR with jets of diameter 3 mm under highly turbulent condition.The results showed LES can predict the velocity and Turbulence Kinetic Energy(TKE) distributions in the reactor well by comparing with the PIV results.In the CIJR, the stagnation point fluctuates with the turbulence, and its instantaneous position accords with the normal distribution.Three methods, including s–t representation, Lumley–Newman triangle and A–G representation, were used to compare the turbulence anisotropy in the mixing chamber.It was found that the anisotropy in the impinging area and at the edge of impinging jet was strong and the maximum deviation was up to 40%.The results from 2 DPIV would lead to an overestimation of the turbulent kinetic energy as much as 20% to 30% than the results from the three dimensional numerical simulation.
Confined impinging jet reactor(CIJR) is a typical process intensification device used in the chemical industry.In this study, two dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) and Large Eddy Simulation(LES) method were used to investigate the flow field in a CIJR with jets of diameter 3 mm under highly turbulent condition.The results showed LES can predict the velocity and Turbulence Kinetic Energy(TKE) distributions in the reactor well by comparing with the PIV results.In the CIJR, the stagnation point fluctuates with the turbulence, and its instantaneous position accords with the normal distribution.Three methods, including s–t representation, Lumley–Newman triangle and A–G representation, were used to compare the turbulence anisotropy in the mixing chamber.It was found that the anisotropy in the impinging area and at the edge of impinging jet was strong and the maximum deviation was up to 40%.The results from 2 DPIV would lead to an overestimation of the turbulent kinetic energy as much as 20% to 30% than the results from the three dimensional numerical simulation.
Confined impinging jet reactor(CIJR) is a typical process intensification device used in the chemical industry.In this study, two dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) and Large Eddy Simulation(LES) method were used to investigate the flow field in a CIJR with jets of diameter 3 mm under highly turbulent condition.The results showed LES can predict the velocity and Turbulence Kinetic Energy(TKE) distributions in the reactor well by comparing with the PIV results.In the CIJR, the stagnation point fluctuates with the turbulence, and its instantaneous position accords with the normal distribution.Three methods, including s–t representation, Lumley–Newman triangle and A–G representation, were used to compare the turbulence anisotropy in the mixing chamber.It was found that the anisotropy in the impinging area and at the edge of impinging jet was strong and the maximum deviation was up to 40%.The results from 2 DPIV would lead to an overestimation of the turbulent kinetic energy as much as 20% to 30% than the results from the three dimensional numerical simulation.
引文
[1]Y.Liu,J.Zhang,Removal of NO from flue gas using UV/S-2 O82-process in a novel photochemical impinging stream reactor,AICHE J.63(7)(2017)2968-2980.
[2]Z.M.Gao,M.Zhao,Y.D.Yu,Z.P.Li,J.Han,Investigation of extraction fraction in confined impinging jet reactors for tri-butyl-phosphate extracting butyric acid process,Chin.J.Chem.Eng.24(2)(2016)310-316.
[3]N.D.Gon?alves,H.M.Salvador,C.P.Fonte,M.M.Dias,J.C.B.Lopes,R.J.Santos,On the 2Dnature of flow dynamics in opposed jets mixers,AICHE J.63(6)(2017)2335-2347.
[4]C.P.Fonte,M.A.Sultan,R.J.Santos,M.M.Dias,J.C.B.Lopes,An elastic analog model for controlling the impingement point position in confined impinging jets,AICHE J.62(6)(2016)2200-2212.
[5]W.F.Li,K.J.Du,G.S.Yu,H.F.Liu,F.C.Wang,Experimental study of flow regimes in threedimensional confined impinging jets reactor,AICHE J.60(8)(2014)3033-3045.
[6]M.Dinarvand,M.Sohrabi,S.J.Royaee,V.Zeynali,Degradation of phenol by heterogeneous Fenton process in an impinging streams reactor with catalyst bed,Asia Pac.J.Chem.Eng.12(4)(2017)631-639.
[7]R.T.Kügler,M.Kind,Experimental study about plugging in confined impinging jet mixers during the precipitation of strontium sulfate,Chem.Eng.Process.Process Intensif.101(Supplement C)(2016)25-32.
[8]M.Jiang,Y.E.D.Li,H.H.Tung,R.D.Braatz,Effect of jet velocity on crystal size distribution from antisolvent and cooling crystallizations in a dual impinging jet mixer,Chem.Eng.Process.97(Suppl.C)(2015)242-247.
[9]I.T.Elperin,Heat and mass transfer in opposing currents,J.Eng.Phys.6(1961)62-68.
[10]Abraham Tamir,Impinging-stream Reactors:Fundamentals and Applications,Elsevier,1994.
[11]B.Johnson,R.Prud'homme,Chemical processing and micromixing in confined impinging jets,AICHE J.49(9)(2003)2264-2282.
[12]C.C.Landreth,R.J.Adrian,Impingement of a low Reynolds number turbulent circular jet onto a flat plate at normal incidence,Exp.Fluids 9(1990)74-84.
[13]W.F.Li,W.W.Qian,G.S.Yu,H.F.Liu,F.C.Wang,Experimental study of oscillation behaviors in confined impinging jets reactor under excitation,AICHE J.61(1)(2015)333-341.
[14]G.Y.Tu,W.F.Li,W.W.Qian,Z.H.Shi,H.F.Liu,F.C.Wang,Experimental study on oscillation behaviors in T-jets reactor with excitation,Chem.Eng.Sci.134(2015)67-75.
[15]V.Somashekar,Y.Liu,R.O.Fox,M.G.Olsen,Turbulence measurements in a rectangular mesoscale confined impinging jets reactor,Exp.Fluids 53(2012)1929-1941.
[16]Z.M.Gao,J.Han,Y.D.Xu,Y.Y.Bao,Z.P.Li,Particle image velocimetry(PIV)investigation of flow characteristics in confined impinging jet reactors,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.52(2013)11779-11786.
[17]A.Mukhopadhyay,B.Devulapalli,A.Dutta,E.W.Grald,Computational fluid dynamics:A virtual prototyping tool for materials engineering,JOM 56(2004)44-48.
[18]Y.Liu,M.G.Olsen,R.O.Fox,Turbulence in a microscale planar confined impingingjets reactor,Lab Chip 9(2009)1110-1118.
[19]M.Icardi,E.Gavi,Daniele L.Marchisio,M.G.Olsen,R.O.Fox,D.Lakehal,Validation of LES predictions for turbulent flow in a Confined Impinging Jets Reactor,Appl.Math.Model.35(2011)1591-1602.
[20]M.Icardi,E.Gavia,Daniele L.Marchisio,A.A.Barresi,M.G.Olsen,Rodney O.Fox,D.Lakehal,Investigation of the flow field in a three-dimensional Confined Impinging Jets Reactor by means of microPIV and DNS,Chem.Eng.J.166(2011)294-305.
[21]W.F.Li,T.L.Yao,F.C.Wang,Study on factors influencing stagnation point offset of turbulent opposed jets,AICHE J.56(10)(2010)2513-2522.
[22]J.Smagorinsky,General circulation experiments with the primitive equations,Mon.Weather Rev.91(1963)99-164.
[23]M.Germano,U.Piomelli,P.Moin,W.H.Cabot,A dynamic subgrid scale eddyviscosity model,Phys.Fluids A 3(1991)1760-1765.
[24]D.K.Lilly,A proposed modification of the Germano subgrid scale closure method,Phys.Fluids A 4(1992)633-635.
[25]J.Lumley,Computational modelling of turbulent flows,Adv.Appl.Mech.26(1978)123.
[26]J.J.Derksen,M.S.Doelman,H.E.A.Van den Akker,Three-dimensional measurements in the impeller region of a turbulently stirred tank,Exp.Fluids 27(1999)522.
[27]R.Escudié,A.Liné,Analysis of turbulence anisotropy in a mixing tank,Chem.Eng.Sci.61(9)(2006)2771-2779.
[28]E.Brunazzi,C.Galletti,A.Paglianti,S.Pintus,Screening tool to evaluate the levels of local anisotropy of turbulence in stirred vessels,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.44(15)(2005)5836-5844.
[29]J.L.Lumley,G.R.Newman,The return to isotropy of homogeneous turbulence,J.Fluid Mech.436(1)(2006)59-84.
[30]R.Escudié,A.Liné,Experimental analysis of hydrodynamics in a radially agitated tank,AICHE J.49(v)(2003)585-603.
[2]Z.M.Gao,M.Zhao,Y.D.Yu,Z.P.Li,J.Han,Investigation of extraction fraction in confined impinging jet reactors for tri-butyl-phosphate extracting butyric acid process,Chin.J.Chem.Eng.24(2)(2016)310-316.
[3]N.D.Gon?alves,H.M.Salvador,C.P.Fonte,M.M.Dias,J.C.B.Lopes,R.J.Santos,On the 2Dnature of flow dynamics in opposed jets mixers,AICHE J.63(6)(2017)2335-2347.
[4]C.P.Fonte,M.A.Sultan,R.J.Santos,M.M.Dias,J.C.B.Lopes,An elastic analog model for controlling the impingement point position in confined impinging jets,AICHE J.62(6)(2016)2200-2212.
[5]W.F.Li,K.J.Du,G.S.Yu,H.F.Liu,F.C.Wang,Experimental study of flow regimes in threedimensional confined impinging jets reactor,AICHE J.60(8)(2014)3033-3045.
[6]M.Dinarvand,M.Sohrabi,S.J.Royaee,V.Zeynali,Degradation of phenol by heterogeneous Fenton process in an impinging streams reactor with catalyst bed,Asia Pac.J.Chem.Eng.12(4)(2017)631-639.
[7]R.T.Kügler,M.Kind,Experimental study about plugging in confined impinging jet mixers during the precipitation of strontium sulfate,Chem.Eng.Process.Process Intensif.101(Supplement C)(2016)25-32.
[8]M.Jiang,Y.E.D.Li,H.H.Tung,R.D.Braatz,Effect of jet velocity on crystal size distribution from antisolvent and cooling crystallizations in a dual impinging jet mixer,Chem.Eng.Process.97(Suppl.C)(2015)242-247.
[9]I.T.Elperin,Heat and mass transfer in opposing currents,J.Eng.Phys.6(1961)62-68.
[10]Abraham Tamir,Impinging-stream Reactors:Fundamentals and Applications,Elsevier,1994.
[11]B.Johnson,R.Prud'homme,Chemical processing and micromixing in confined impinging jets,AICHE J.49(9)(2003)2264-2282.
[12]C.C.Landreth,R.J.Adrian,Impingement of a low Reynolds number turbulent circular jet onto a flat plate at normal incidence,Exp.Fluids 9(1990)74-84.
[13]W.F.Li,W.W.Qian,G.S.Yu,H.F.Liu,F.C.Wang,Experimental study of oscillation behaviors in confined impinging jets reactor under excitation,AICHE J.61(1)(2015)333-341.
[14]G.Y.Tu,W.F.Li,W.W.Qian,Z.H.Shi,H.F.Liu,F.C.Wang,Experimental study on oscillation behaviors in T-jets reactor with excitation,Chem.Eng.Sci.134(2015)67-75.
[15]V.Somashekar,Y.Liu,R.O.Fox,M.G.Olsen,Turbulence measurements in a rectangular mesoscale confined impinging jets reactor,Exp.Fluids 53(2012)1929-1941.
[16]Z.M.Gao,J.Han,Y.D.Xu,Y.Y.Bao,Z.P.Li,Particle image velocimetry(PIV)investigation of flow characteristics in confined impinging jet reactors,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.52(2013)11779-11786.
[17]A.Mukhopadhyay,B.Devulapalli,A.Dutta,E.W.Grald,Computational fluid dynamics:A virtual prototyping tool for materials engineering,JOM 56(2004)44-48.
[18]Y.Liu,M.G.Olsen,R.O.Fox,Turbulence in a microscale planar confined impingingjets reactor,Lab Chip 9(2009)1110-1118.
[19]M.Icardi,E.Gavi,Daniele L.Marchisio,M.G.Olsen,R.O.Fox,D.Lakehal,Validation of LES predictions for turbulent flow in a Confined Impinging Jets Reactor,Appl.Math.Model.35(2011)1591-1602.
[20]M.Icardi,E.Gavia,Daniele L.Marchisio,A.A.Barresi,M.G.Olsen,Rodney O.Fox,D.Lakehal,Investigation of the flow field in a three-dimensional Confined Impinging Jets Reactor by means of microPIV and DNS,Chem.Eng.J.166(2011)294-305.
[21]W.F.Li,T.L.Yao,F.C.Wang,Study on factors influencing stagnation point offset of turbulent opposed jets,AICHE J.56(10)(2010)2513-2522.
[22]J.Smagorinsky,General circulation experiments with the primitive equations,Mon.Weather Rev.91(1963)99-164.
[23]M.Germano,U.Piomelli,P.Moin,W.H.Cabot,A dynamic subgrid scale eddyviscosity model,Phys.Fluids A 3(1991)1760-1765.
[24]D.K.Lilly,A proposed modification of the Germano subgrid scale closure method,Phys.Fluids A 4(1992)633-635.
[25]J.Lumley,Computational modelling of turbulent flows,Adv.Appl.Mech.26(1978)123.
[26]J.J.Derksen,M.S.Doelman,H.E.A.Van den Akker,Three-dimensional measurements in the impeller region of a turbulently stirred tank,Exp.Fluids 27(1999)522.
[27]R.Escudié,A.Liné,Analysis of turbulence anisotropy in a mixing tank,Chem.Eng.Sci.61(9)(2006)2771-2779.
[28]E.Brunazzi,C.Galletti,A.Paglianti,S.Pintus,Screening tool to evaluate the levels of local anisotropy of turbulence in stirred vessels,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.44(15)(2005)5836-5844.
[29]J.L.Lumley,G.R.Newman,The return to isotropy of homogeneous turbulence,J.Fluid Mech.436(1)(2006)59-84.
[30]R.Escudié,A.Liné,Experimental analysis of hydrodynamics in a radially agitated tank,AICHE J.49(v)(2003)585-603.