宋朝驸马都尉研究
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摘要
宋朝驸马都尉的出身、差遣官职、最高官职都呈现出阶段性的变化。其一,宋太祖和宋太宗的驸马都尉出身于开国大将和重臣之家,宋仁宗之后的驸马都尉多出身于文臣之家。其二,宋初驸马都尉多担任重要差遣,宋仁宗之后的驸马都尉除党争时期外很少担任差遣职务。其三,宋初的驸马都尉最高官职较高多为节度使或使相,宋仁宗之后的驸马都尉最高官职降低,多为节度观察留后。宋朝面对驸马都尉的过失行为普遍处罚较轻,无一人被诛,最重的处罚为某州安置,一般为降官或者罚铜。驸马都尉的选择体现出宋朝高层"保富贵"观念和"右文"的国家政策。
Absrtact:The parentage,the chaiqian posts and the highest official positions of Fuma Duwei in Song Dynasty all present a phased change. First,in the periods of Song Taizu and Song Taizong,Fuma Duwei were born in the families of the founding generals and important ministers. After Song Renzong,Fuma Duwei were mostly born in the families of the civil officials. Secondly,in the early Song Dynasty,Fuma Duwei mostly served as the important chaiqian. After Song Renzong,Fuma Duwei rarely held the post of the chaiqian positions except during the period of Party struggle. Thirdly,in the early Song Dynasty,the highest official positions of Fuma Duwei were higher,most of them were Jiedushi or Shixiang. After Song Renzong,the highest official posts of Fuma Duwei were lowered,mostly becoming Jiedu Guancha Liuhou. In the Song Dynasty,facing the negligent behaviors of Fuma Duwei,the penalties were generally lighter,and no one was killed. The heaviest penalty was resettlement in another province,usually demoting or confiscating copper as punishment. The selection of Fuma Duwei reflects the high-level concept of"bao fu gui"which means guaranteeing one's wealth and the national policy of "you wen" which means arts is more important in the Song Dynasty.
Absrtact:The parentage,the chaiqian posts and the highest official positions of Fuma Duwei in Song Dynasty all present a phased change. First,in the periods of Song Taizu and Song Taizong,Fuma Duwei were born in the families of the founding generals and important ministers. After Song Renzong,Fuma Duwei were mostly born in the families of the civil officials. Secondly,in the early Song Dynasty,Fuma Duwei mostly served as the important chaiqian. After Song Renzong,Fuma Duwei rarely held the post of the chaiqian positions except during the period of Party struggle. Thirdly,in the early Song Dynasty,the highest official positions of Fuma Duwei were higher,most of them were Jiedushi or Shixiang. After Song Renzong,the highest official posts of Fuma Duwei were lowered,mostly becoming Jiedu Guancha Liuhou. In the Song Dynasty,facing the negligent behaviors of Fuma Duwei,the penalties were generally lighter,and no one was killed. The heaviest penalty was resettlement in another province,usually demoting or confiscating copper as punishment. The selection of Fuma Duwei reflects the high-level concept of"bao fu gui"which means guaranteeing one's wealth and the national policy of "you wen" which means arts is more important in the Song Dynasty.
引文
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[17]赵明旸.唐代驸马若干问题研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2017:48-53.
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(1)陈峰:《北宋皇室与“将门”通婚现象探析》,《文史哲》2004年第3期,列举北宋二十八位公主所嫁对象,分析得出选尚公主的驸马都尉主要来自武臣之家;汪允普:《北宋驸马群体研究》北京大学2007年硕士学位论文,主要从驸马都尉的出身、政治情况以及尚主后对其家人的影响三方面展开论述;王晓晴:《唐宋公主婚姻生活研究》辽宁大学2014年硕士学位论文,论述了宋朝驸马都尉出身家族变化,即由“重臣勋贵之后”转变为“武将之门”。
(2)《宋史》卷二十一政和七年:“改节度观察留后为承宣使”。
[2]闻轩轩.宋初“保富贵”观念的兴起[J].安阳师范学院学报,2017(6):51-57.
[3]李焘.续资治通鉴长编[M].北京:中华书局,2004.
[4]陆游.避暑漫抄[M].北京:中华书局,1985:6.
[5]钱若水.宋太宗皇帝实录校注[M].范学辉,校注.北京:中华书局,2012:79.
[6]何忠礼.北宋扩大科举取士的原因及与冗官冗吏的关系[M]//徐规.宋史研究集刊.杭州:浙江古籍出版社,1986:88.
[7]脱脱.宋史[M].北京:中华书局,1977.
[8]徐松.宋会要辑稿[M].刘琳,刁忠民,舒大刚,校点.上海:上海古籍出版社,2014.
[9]宣和画谱[M].王群栗,点校.杭州:浙江人民美术出版社,2012:131.
[10]张邦炜.试论宋代“婚姻不问阀阅”[J].历史研究,1985(6):26-41.
[11]黄淮,杨士奇.历代名臣奏议[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1989.
[12]王应麟.玉海[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,1987:2735.
[13]夏竦.文庄集[M].北京:线装书局,2004:677.
[14]李心传.建炎以来朝野杂记[M].徐规,点校.北京:中华书局,2000:204.
[15]邵伯温.邵氏闻见录[M].李剑雄,刘德权,点校.北京:中华书局,1983:44.
[16]李心传.建炎以来系年要录[M].胡坤,点校.北京:中华书局,2013.
[17]赵明旸.唐代驸马若干问题研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2017:48-53.
[18]司马光.涑水记闻[M].邓广铭,张希清,点校.北京:中华书局,1989:357.
(1)陈峰:《北宋皇室与“将门”通婚现象探析》,《文史哲》2004年第3期,列举北宋二十八位公主所嫁对象,分析得出选尚公主的驸马都尉主要来自武臣之家;汪允普:《北宋驸马群体研究》北京大学2007年硕士学位论文,主要从驸马都尉的出身、政治情况以及尚主后对其家人的影响三方面展开论述;王晓晴:《唐宋公主婚姻生活研究》辽宁大学2014年硕士学位论文,论述了宋朝驸马都尉出身家族变化,即由“重臣勋贵之后”转变为“武将之门”。
(2)《宋史》卷二十一政和七年:“改节度观察留后为承宣使”。