基于段塞流捕捉的高黏油气两相流模型的建立与验证
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摘要
随着传统油田的快速消耗,高黏稠油的开发逐渐引起了重视。有关高黏油的气液两相流研究主要集中在国外,国内的相关研究目前还较少。本文针对高黏油气混输管路,建立了一种捕捉段塞流的形成和发展过程,并进行两相流水力计算和液塞长度统计的组合模型。通过气液相间滑移速度和液相连续性方程的求解得到管路中不同时刻和位置的持液率,以持液率的变化反映段塞的形成和发展。建立气液动量守恒方程关联持液率和压力,得到管路中各位置的压力变化。闭合关系式中,通过液塞平移速度、壁面及气液相界面的剪切力关系式加入黏度的影响,最终建立适用于高黏油气两相流的段塞捕捉模型。使用不同来源的数据验证模型计算压降和液塞长度的准确性,数据分别来源于国外研究者的实验数据和大庆油田的现场数据。结果表明,模型具有较高的计算精度,大部分压降误差在±15%以内,大部分液塞长度误差在±20%以内。
Heavy oil, an unconventional fossil fuel with high viscosity is increasingly becoming important due to the rapid depletion of conventional oil fields. The study on high viscosity oil and gas two-phase flow is mainly concentrated in abroad, domestic related researches are still few. A combined model was proposed to capture the initiation and development and calculate hydraulic parameters for high viscosity oil and gas multiphase pipeline. The change of liquid holdup at different times and positions was obtained with the solving of slip velocity equation and liquid continuity equation and by which the initiation and development of the slug were reflected. For obtaining the change of pressure in pipeline, the momentum equation was developed to correlate the liquid holdup and pressure. In closed correlations, the influence of viscosity was added using the slug translational velocity and the interfacial shear stress. Finally, a slug capturing model suitable for high-viscosity oil and gas two-phase flow was developed. The accuracy of the model was verified by data from different sources. The data were derived from the experimental data of foreign researchers and the field data of Daqing Oilfield. The results showed that the model has fine calculation accuracy, the relative errors of most pressure drop calculated were within ±15%, and the relative errors of most slug length calculated were within ±20%.
Heavy oil, an unconventional fossil fuel with high viscosity is increasingly becoming important due to the rapid depletion of conventional oil fields. The study on high viscosity oil and gas two-phase flow is mainly concentrated in abroad, domestic related researches are still few. A combined model was proposed to capture the initiation and development and calculate hydraulic parameters for high viscosity oil and gas multiphase pipeline. The change of liquid holdup at different times and positions was obtained with the solving of slip velocity equation and liquid continuity equation and by which the initiation and development of the slug were reflected. For obtaining the change of pressure in pipeline, the momentum equation was developed to correlate the liquid holdup and pressure. In closed correlations, the influence of viscosity was added using the slug translational velocity and the interfacial shear stress. Finally, a slug capturing model suitable for high-viscosity oil and gas two-phase flow was developed. The accuracy of the model was verified by data from different sources. The data were derived from the experimental data of foreign researchers and the field data of Daqing Oilfield. The results showed that the model has fine calculation accuracy, the relative errors of most pressure drop calculated were within ±15%, and the relative errors of most slug length calculated were within ±20%.
引文
[1]李玉星,冯叔初.油气水多相管流[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2011.LI Yuxing, FENG Shuchu. Oil, gas and water multiphase flow in pipelines[M]. Dongying:China University of Petroluem Publication,2011.
[2] COLMENARES J, ORTEGA P, PADRINO J, et al. Slug flow model for the prediction of pressure drop for high viscosity oils in a horizontal pipeline[C]//Venezuela:SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium, 2001.
[3] AL-RUHAIMANI F, PEREYRA E, SARICA C, et al. Experimental analysis and model evaluation of high liquid-viscosity two-phase upward vertical pipe flow[J]. SPE Journal, 2017, 22(3):712-735.
[4] BRITO R, PEREYRA E, SARICA C. Effect of medium oil viscosity on two-phase oil gas flow behavior in horizontal pipes[C]//Houston:Offshore Technology Conference, 2013.
[5] ROSA E S, NETTO J. Viscosity effect and flow development in horizontal slug flows[C]//Yokohama:International Conference on Multiphase Flow, 2004.
[6] BEGGS D H, BRILL J P. A study of two-phase flow in inclined pipes[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1973, 25(5):607-617.
[7] XIAO J J. A comprehensive mechanistic model for two-phase flow in pipelines[C]//New Orleans:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 1990:167-180.
[8] ZHANG H Q, WANG Q, SARICA C, et al. Unified model for gasliquid pipe flow via slug dynamics——Part 1:Model development[J].Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 2003, 125(4):266-273.
[9] ZHAO Y, YEUNG H, ZORGANI E E, et al. High viscosity effects on characteristics of oil and gas two-phase flow in horizontal pipes[J].Chemical Engineering Science, 2013, 95:343-352.
[10] GOKCAL B. Effects of high oil viscosity on two-phase oil-gas flow behavior in horizontal pipes[D]. Tulsa:The University of Tulsa, 2005.
[11] JEYACHANDRA B C. Inclination effects on flow characteristics of high viscosity oil/gas two-phase flow[C]//Texas:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2012.
[12] AL-SAFRAN E M, GOKCAL B, SARICA C. Investigation and prediction of high-viscosity liquid effect on two-phase slug length in horizontal pipelines[J]. SPE Production&Operations, 2013, 28(3):296-305.
[13] ZHAO Y, LAO L, YEUNG H. Investigation and prediction of slug flow characteristics in highly viscous liquid and gas flows in horizontal pipes[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2015, 102:124-137.
[14] DANIELSON T J. A simple model for hydrodynamic slug flow[C]//Alberta:North American Conference on Multiphase Technology, 2012:321-334.
[15] HEGDE G A, RAO I, DANIELSON T J, et al. CSMFlow:a multiphase flow modeling tool for hydrates in flow assurance[C]//Banff:9th North American Conference on Multiphase Technology, 2014.
[16]何利民,郭烈锦,陈学俊.测量水平管道液塞速度和长度的差压波动分析法[J].化工学报, 2003, 54(2):192-198.HE Limin, GUO Liejin, CHEN Xuejun. Measurement of slug velocity and length in horizontal pipeline by means of differential pressure fluctuation anslysis[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China), 2003, 54(2):192-198.
[17] NICKLIN D J, WILKES J O, DAVIDSON J F. Two-phase flow in vertical tubes[J]. Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers,1962, 40:61-68.
[18] BENDIKSEN K H. An experimental investigation of the motion of long bubbles in inclined tubes[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1984, 10(4):467-483.
[19] GOKCAL B, AL-SARKHI A, SARICA C. Effects of high oil viscosity on drift velocity for horizontal and upward inclined pipes[J]. SPE Projects, Facilities&Construction, 2009, 4(2):32-40.
[20] BEN-MANSOUR R, AL-SARKHI A, SHARMA A K. Effect of pipe diameter and high oil viscosity on drift velocity for horizontal pipes[C]//Banff:North American Conference on Multiphase Technology, 2010.
[21] JEYACHANDRA B C, GOKCAL B, AL-SARKHI A, et al. Driftvelocity closure relationships for slug two-phase high-viscosity oil flow in pipes[J]. SPE Journal, 2012, 17(2):593-601.
[22] MOREIRAS J, PEREYRA E, SARICA C, et al. Unified drift velocity closure relationship for large bubble rising in stagnant viscous fluids in pipes[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2014, 124:359-366.
[23]宋立群,李玉星.复杂地形条件下气液两相混输工艺水力模型建立[J].化工学报, 2011, 62(12):3361-3366.SONG Liqun, LI Yuxing. Development of hydrodynamic model for gasliquid two-phase flow for complex pipeline profiles[J]. CIESC Journal,2011, 62(12):3361-3366.
[24] TAITEL Y, DUKLER A E. A model for predicting flow regime transitions in horizontal and near horizontal gas-liquid flow[J]. AIChE Journal, 1976, 22(1):47-55.
[25] ZHAO Y, YEUNG H, LAO L. High liquid viscosity effects on wall and interfacial shear stresses in horizontal liquid-gas flows[C]//Jeju:8th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, 2013:26-31.
[26] FARSETTI S, FARISE S, POESIO P. Experimental investigation of high viscosity oil-air intermittent flow[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2014, 57:285-292.
[27] BABA Y D, ALIYU A M, ARCHIBONG-ESO A, et al. Slug length for high viscosity oil-gas flow in horizontal pipes:experiments and prediction[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2018,165:397-411.
[28] AL-RUHAIMANI F, PEREYRA E, SARICA C, et al. A study on the effect of high liquid viscosity on slug flow characteristics in upward vertical flow[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2018,161:128-146.
[29]王海燕,李玉星,蔡晓华,等.基于段塞流的通用气液两相流模型的建立与验证[J].化工学报, 2013, 64(10):3549-3557.WANG Haiyan, LI Yuxing, CAI Xiaohua, et al. Development and verifiation of unified model based on slug flow for gas-liquid twophase flow[J]. CIESC Journal, 2013, 64(10):3549-3557.
[2] COLMENARES J, ORTEGA P, PADRINO J, et al. Slug flow model for the prediction of pressure drop for high viscosity oils in a horizontal pipeline[C]//Venezuela:SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium, 2001.
[3] AL-RUHAIMANI F, PEREYRA E, SARICA C, et al. Experimental analysis and model evaluation of high liquid-viscosity two-phase upward vertical pipe flow[J]. SPE Journal, 2017, 22(3):712-735.
[4] BRITO R, PEREYRA E, SARICA C. Effect of medium oil viscosity on two-phase oil gas flow behavior in horizontal pipes[C]//Houston:Offshore Technology Conference, 2013.
[5] ROSA E S, NETTO J. Viscosity effect and flow development in horizontal slug flows[C]//Yokohama:International Conference on Multiphase Flow, 2004.
[6] BEGGS D H, BRILL J P. A study of two-phase flow in inclined pipes[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1973, 25(5):607-617.
[7] XIAO J J. A comprehensive mechanistic model for two-phase flow in pipelines[C]//New Orleans:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 1990:167-180.
[8] ZHANG H Q, WANG Q, SARICA C, et al. Unified model for gasliquid pipe flow via slug dynamics——Part 1:Model development[J].Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 2003, 125(4):266-273.
[9] ZHAO Y, YEUNG H, ZORGANI E E, et al. High viscosity effects on characteristics of oil and gas two-phase flow in horizontal pipes[J].Chemical Engineering Science, 2013, 95:343-352.
[10] GOKCAL B. Effects of high oil viscosity on two-phase oil-gas flow behavior in horizontal pipes[D]. Tulsa:The University of Tulsa, 2005.
[11] JEYACHANDRA B C. Inclination effects on flow characteristics of high viscosity oil/gas two-phase flow[C]//Texas:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2012.
[12] AL-SAFRAN E M, GOKCAL B, SARICA C. Investigation and prediction of high-viscosity liquid effect on two-phase slug length in horizontal pipelines[J]. SPE Production&Operations, 2013, 28(3):296-305.
[13] ZHAO Y, LAO L, YEUNG H. Investigation and prediction of slug flow characteristics in highly viscous liquid and gas flows in horizontal pipes[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2015, 102:124-137.
[14] DANIELSON T J. A simple model for hydrodynamic slug flow[C]//Alberta:North American Conference on Multiphase Technology, 2012:321-334.
[15] HEGDE G A, RAO I, DANIELSON T J, et al. CSMFlow:a multiphase flow modeling tool for hydrates in flow assurance[C]//Banff:9th North American Conference on Multiphase Technology, 2014.
[16]何利民,郭烈锦,陈学俊.测量水平管道液塞速度和长度的差压波动分析法[J].化工学报, 2003, 54(2):192-198.HE Limin, GUO Liejin, CHEN Xuejun. Measurement of slug velocity and length in horizontal pipeline by means of differential pressure fluctuation anslysis[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China), 2003, 54(2):192-198.
[17] NICKLIN D J, WILKES J O, DAVIDSON J F. Two-phase flow in vertical tubes[J]. Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers,1962, 40:61-68.
[18] BENDIKSEN K H. An experimental investigation of the motion of long bubbles in inclined tubes[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1984, 10(4):467-483.
[19] GOKCAL B, AL-SARKHI A, SARICA C. Effects of high oil viscosity on drift velocity for horizontal and upward inclined pipes[J]. SPE Projects, Facilities&Construction, 2009, 4(2):32-40.
[20] BEN-MANSOUR R, AL-SARKHI A, SHARMA A K. Effect of pipe diameter and high oil viscosity on drift velocity for horizontal pipes[C]//Banff:North American Conference on Multiphase Technology, 2010.
[21] JEYACHANDRA B C, GOKCAL B, AL-SARKHI A, et al. Driftvelocity closure relationships for slug two-phase high-viscosity oil flow in pipes[J]. SPE Journal, 2012, 17(2):593-601.
[22] MOREIRAS J, PEREYRA E, SARICA C, et al. Unified drift velocity closure relationship for large bubble rising in stagnant viscous fluids in pipes[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2014, 124:359-366.
[23]宋立群,李玉星.复杂地形条件下气液两相混输工艺水力模型建立[J].化工学报, 2011, 62(12):3361-3366.SONG Liqun, LI Yuxing. Development of hydrodynamic model for gasliquid two-phase flow for complex pipeline profiles[J]. CIESC Journal,2011, 62(12):3361-3366.
[24] TAITEL Y, DUKLER A E. A model for predicting flow regime transitions in horizontal and near horizontal gas-liquid flow[J]. AIChE Journal, 1976, 22(1):47-55.
[25] ZHAO Y, YEUNG H, LAO L. High liquid viscosity effects on wall and interfacial shear stresses in horizontal liquid-gas flows[C]//Jeju:8th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, 2013:26-31.
[26] FARSETTI S, FARISE S, POESIO P. Experimental investigation of high viscosity oil-air intermittent flow[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2014, 57:285-292.
[27] BABA Y D, ALIYU A M, ARCHIBONG-ESO A, et al. Slug length for high viscosity oil-gas flow in horizontal pipes:experiments and prediction[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2018,165:397-411.
[28] AL-RUHAIMANI F, PEREYRA E, SARICA C, et al. A study on the effect of high liquid viscosity on slug flow characteristics in upward vertical flow[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2018,161:128-146.
[29]王海燕,李玉星,蔡晓华,等.基于段塞流的通用气液两相流模型的建立与验证[J].化工学报, 2013, 64(10):3549-3557.WANG Haiyan, LI Yuxing, CAI Xiaohua, et al. Development and verifiation of unified model based on slug flow for gas-liquid twophase flow[J]. CIESC Journal, 2013, 64(10):3549-3557.