冻融作用下裂隙岩体锚固效应研究
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摘要
用相似材料制作含预制裂隙岩体无锚和加锚试样,以锚杆与裂隙呈45°、90°打入锚杆制作3组试样,进行60次冻融循环,对冻融过程中裂隙进行应变监测并对冻融循环60次后的试样进行单轴压缩试验,探讨冻融循环作用下不同角度的锚杆支护对裂隙岩体的裂隙扩展规律、锚固效应及破坏模式的影响。研究结果表明:裂隙岩体在经历30次冻融循环之前,两种支护方式对裂隙的控制效果相当,随着冻融循环的进行,锚杆支护角度会对作用于锚杆的摩阻力产生一定影响,锚杆与裂隙夹角越大,作用于裂隙的摩阻力越大;天然状况下一个冻融循环周期内裂隙的应变大致经历了冷缩→冻胀→冻胀稳定→融缩→回弹→稳定6个阶段,两种支护工况均未出现明显的融缩阶段和回弹阶段,且90°支护工况效果比45°支护工况效果更加明显;对裂隙岩体采用水泥浆进行压力灌浆,由于水泥浆的保护作用可以对整个锚固系统起到一定的修复作用;锚杆增强了裂隙岩体抵制裂隙扩展的能力,降低了裂隙岩体劈裂破坏的突然性,且破坏模式由张拉破坏转换为张剪复合破坏。
This paper uses similar materials and makes rock specimens with unanchored and/or anchored prefabricated fissures.Bolts and cracks at 45°and 90°are made into the anchor rods in the rock specimens.It discusses the regulation of propagation rules,anchorage effects and failure modes of rock samples through uniaxial compression tests after 60 cycles of freeze-thaw cycles with strain monitoring.The test results show the follows.(1) Two types of anchorages have equal effect in cracks supporting before 30 cycles of freeze-thaw cycles.The higher angle between bolts and cracks would have the larger power of anchorage to the cracks.(2) There is a regular form including six stages,cold shrinkage,frost heaving,frost heaving stability,melt-thaw,and rebound stability under natural conditions.Two supporting conditions do not show obvious stages of contraction and rebound.The 90° supporting condition is more effective than the 45°supporting condition.(3) The cement slurry is applied to fractured rock massby hydraulic grout.It can repair the whole anchoring system.(4) The anchor rod enhances the ability of the fractured rock mass to resist the expansion of the fracture,reduces the suddenness of the fractured rock mass in the fractured rock mass.The failure mode is transformed from tensile damage to tensile shear complex damage.
This paper uses similar materials and makes rock specimens with unanchored and/or anchored prefabricated fissures.Bolts and cracks at 45°and 90°are made into the anchor rods in the rock specimens.It discusses the regulation of propagation rules,anchorage effects and failure modes of rock samples through uniaxial compression tests after 60 cycles of freeze-thaw cycles with strain monitoring.The test results show the follows.(1) Two types of anchorages have equal effect in cracks supporting before 30 cycles of freeze-thaw cycles.The higher angle between bolts and cracks would have the larger power of anchorage to the cracks.(2) There is a regular form including six stages,cold shrinkage,frost heaving,frost heaving stability,melt-thaw,and rebound stability under natural conditions.Two supporting conditions do not show obvious stages of contraction and rebound.The 90° supporting condition is more effective than the 45°supporting condition.(3) The cement slurry is applied to fractured rock massby hydraulic grout.It can repair the whole anchoring system.(4) The anchor rod enhances the ability of the fractured rock mass to resist the expansion of the fracture,reduces the suddenness of the fractured rock mass in the fractured rock mass.The failure mode is transformed from tensile damage to tensile shear complex damage.
引文
An Y K,Nai L.2012.Mechanism and style of anchorage degradation in jointed rock mass under cycle of freezingand thawing[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science),42(2):462-467.
Chen Y,Li C C.2015a.Influences of loading condition and rock strength to the performance of rock bolts[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,38(2):207-218.
Chen Y,Li C C.2015b.Performance of fully encapsulated rebar bolts and D-Bolts under combined pull-and-shear loading[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,45:99-106.
Chen Y.2014.Experimental study and stress analysis of rock bolt anchorage performance[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,6(5):428-437.
Deng Q H,Gong L X,Ma F S,et al.2017.Analysis of crack propagation of crack straight through brazilian disc using particle flow code[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(2):402-409.
Eligehausen R,Mallée R,Silva J F.2006.Archarage in concrete construction[M].Berlin:John Wiley&Sons.
Jalalifar H,Aziz N,Hadi M.2006.The effect of surface profile,rock strength and pretension load on bending behaviour of fully grouted bolts[J].Geotechnical&Geological Engineering,24(5):1203-1227.
Jalalifar H,Aziz N.2010.Experimental and 3D numerical simulation o reinforced shear joints[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,43(1):95-103.
Jia H L.2016.Theoretical damage models of porous rocks and hard jointed rocks subjected to frost action and further experimental verifications[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences.
Li Y P,Wang Z Y.2010.Study of relationship between strength parameters and ice expansion force of granite under low temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,29(S2):4113-4118.
Li Y S,Zhang K N.2012.Element stability of rock mass considering its damage and reinforcement effect by grouting[J].Journal of Centra South University(Science and Technology),43(2):651-655.
LüZ H,Lai X P,Lai H X,et al.2014.Coupled strengthening by pregrouting practice on large mining height working face through the fault fracture zone[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,34(6):670-675.
Ma H C,Cui K R,Qian J Z.2017.Theoretical frictional resistance researches of anchoring rock bolts under forces with three constitutive relations[J].Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,13(S1):91-95.
Rui X L.2016.The mechanical properties of rocks under the action of freeze-thaw in cold area and mechanism of disaster causing-A case study of rockfall along Tibetan region roads[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology.
Song T.2007.Effects of static ice loads on hydraulic structure[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University.
Sun Q.2012.Experimental study on mechanical properties of GFRP bolt after freezing-thawing cycles and long-term load effects[D].Changsha:Central South University.
Teng J Y,Zhang Y N,Tang J X,et al.2017.Experimental study on shear behavior of jointed rock mass with anchorage mode[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,38(8):2279-2285.
Xiang W,Liu X.2010.Experimental study of mechanical properties of combined specimen with rock and shotcrete under freezing-thawing cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,29(12):2510-2521.
Xiang W,Wang Y,Jia H L,et al.2011.Model test study of rockshotcrete layer structure under freezing-thawing cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,30(9):1819-1826.
Xu W Z.2006.Study on the stability of jointed slope and the effect of bolting and grouting reinforcement method[D].Changsha:Central South University.
Yoshinaka R,Sakaguchi S,Shimizu T,et al.1987.Experimental study on the rock bolt reinforcement in discontinuous rocks[J].Electronics&Communications in Japan,133(113):117-127.
Zhang B,Li S C,Yang X Y,et al.2014.Bolting effect and failure modes of jointed rock masses with cross-cracks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,33(5):996-1003.
Zhang W L,Xiang W,Jia H L.2014.Experimental study of mechanical properties of grouted rock under freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,33(3):558-566.
Zhang W,Liu Q S.2014.Analysis of deformation characteristics of prestressed anchor bolt based on shear test[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,35(8):2231-2240.
Zhang Y.2017.Study on deterioration law of altered rock under cyclic temperature[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(2):410-415.
Zhao P,Tang H M.2008.Research on the damage mechanism due to freezing and thawing force of control fissure in perilous rock[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Nature Science),27(3):420-423.
安玉科,佴磊.2012.冻融循环作用下节理岩体锚固性能退化机理和模式[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),42(2):462-467.
邓清海,巩林贤,马凤山,等.2017.基于颗粒流的直切槽式巴西圆盘裂纹扩展分析[J].工程地质学报,25(2):402-409.
贾海梁.2016.多孔岩石及裂隙岩体冻融损伤机制的理论模型和试验研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学.
黎永索,张可能.2012.考虑岩体损伤和注浆加固效应的单元稳定性[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,43(2):651-655.
李云鹏,王芝银.2010.花岗岩低温强度参数与冰胀力的关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,29(S2):4113-4118.
吕兆海,来兴平,来红祥,等.2014.大采高工作面穿越断层破碎区预注浆耦合加固实践[J].西安科技大学学报,34(6):670-675.
马海春,崔可锐,钱家忠.2017.3种本构关系条件下锚杆摩阻力力学对比分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,13(S1):91-95.
芮雪莲.2016.寒区冻融作用下岩石力学特性及致灾机制研究---以四川藏区主要公路为例[D].成都:成都理工大学.
宋涛.2007.静冰荷载对水工建筑物的影响研究[D].天津:天津大学.
孙奇.2012.GFRP锚杆冻融循环与长期荷载作用力学性能试验研究[D].长沙:中南大学.
腾俊洋,张宇宁,唐建新,等.2017.锚固方式对节理岩体剪切性能影响试验研究[J].岩土力学,38(8):2279-2285.
项伟,刘珣.2010.冻融循环条件下岩石-喷射混凝土组合试样的力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,29(12):2510-2521.
项伟,王琰,贾海梁.2011.冻融循环条件下岩体-喷层结构模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,30(9):1819-1826.
许万忠.2006.节理裂隙边坡稳定性及锚注加固效应研究[D].长沙:中南大学.
张波,李术才,杨学英,等.2014.含交叉裂隙节理岩体锚固效应及破坏模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,33(5):996-1003.
张伟,刘泉声.2014.基于剪切试验的预应力锚杆变形性能分析[J].岩土力学,35(8):2231-2240.
张伟丽,项伟,贾海梁.2014.冻融循环对砂浆岩石锚杆锚固力影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,33(3):558-566.
张勇.2017.温度循环作用后蚀变岩力学参数劣化规律的探究[J].工程地质学报,25(2):410-415.
赵鹏,唐红梅.2008.危岩主控结构面的冻胀力计算公式研究[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),27(3):420-423.
Chen Y,Li C C.2015a.Influences of loading condition and rock strength to the performance of rock bolts[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,38(2):207-218.
Chen Y,Li C C.2015b.Performance of fully encapsulated rebar bolts and D-Bolts under combined pull-and-shear loading[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,45:99-106.
Chen Y.2014.Experimental study and stress analysis of rock bolt anchorage performance[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,6(5):428-437.
Deng Q H,Gong L X,Ma F S,et al.2017.Analysis of crack propagation of crack straight through brazilian disc using particle flow code[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(2):402-409.
Eligehausen R,Mallée R,Silva J F.2006.Archarage in concrete construction[M].Berlin:John Wiley&Sons.
Jalalifar H,Aziz N,Hadi M.2006.The effect of surface profile,rock strength and pretension load on bending behaviour of fully grouted bolts[J].Geotechnical&Geological Engineering,24(5):1203-1227.
Jalalifar H,Aziz N.2010.Experimental and 3D numerical simulation o reinforced shear joints[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,43(1):95-103.
Jia H L.2016.Theoretical damage models of porous rocks and hard jointed rocks subjected to frost action and further experimental verifications[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences.
Li Y P,Wang Z Y.2010.Study of relationship between strength parameters and ice expansion force of granite under low temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,29(S2):4113-4118.
Li Y S,Zhang K N.2012.Element stability of rock mass considering its damage and reinforcement effect by grouting[J].Journal of Centra South University(Science and Technology),43(2):651-655.
LüZ H,Lai X P,Lai H X,et al.2014.Coupled strengthening by pregrouting practice on large mining height working face through the fault fracture zone[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,34(6):670-675.
Ma H C,Cui K R,Qian J Z.2017.Theoretical frictional resistance researches of anchoring rock bolts under forces with three constitutive relations[J].Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,13(S1):91-95.
Rui X L.2016.The mechanical properties of rocks under the action of freeze-thaw in cold area and mechanism of disaster causing-A case study of rockfall along Tibetan region roads[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology.
Song T.2007.Effects of static ice loads on hydraulic structure[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University.
Sun Q.2012.Experimental study on mechanical properties of GFRP bolt after freezing-thawing cycles and long-term load effects[D].Changsha:Central South University.
Teng J Y,Zhang Y N,Tang J X,et al.2017.Experimental study on shear behavior of jointed rock mass with anchorage mode[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,38(8):2279-2285.
Xiang W,Liu X.2010.Experimental study of mechanical properties of combined specimen with rock and shotcrete under freezing-thawing cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,29(12):2510-2521.
Xiang W,Wang Y,Jia H L,et al.2011.Model test study of rockshotcrete layer structure under freezing-thawing cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,30(9):1819-1826.
Xu W Z.2006.Study on the stability of jointed slope and the effect of bolting and grouting reinforcement method[D].Changsha:Central South University.
Yoshinaka R,Sakaguchi S,Shimizu T,et al.1987.Experimental study on the rock bolt reinforcement in discontinuous rocks[J].Electronics&Communications in Japan,133(113):117-127.
Zhang B,Li S C,Yang X Y,et al.2014.Bolting effect and failure modes of jointed rock masses with cross-cracks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,33(5):996-1003.
Zhang W L,Xiang W,Jia H L.2014.Experimental study of mechanical properties of grouted rock under freeze-thaw cycles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,33(3):558-566.
Zhang W,Liu Q S.2014.Analysis of deformation characteristics of prestressed anchor bolt based on shear test[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,35(8):2231-2240.
Zhang Y.2017.Study on deterioration law of altered rock under cyclic temperature[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(2):410-415.
Zhao P,Tang H M.2008.Research on the damage mechanism due to freezing and thawing force of control fissure in perilous rock[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Nature Science),27(3):420-423.
安玉科,佴磊.2012.冻融循环作用下节理岩体锚固性能退化机理和模式[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),42(2):462-467.
邓清海,巩林贤,马凤山,等.2017.基于颗粒流的直切槽式巴西圆盘裂纹扩展分析[J].工程地质学报,25(2):402-409.
贾海梁.2016.多孔岩石及裂隙岩体冻融损伤机制的理论模型和试验研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学.
黎永索,张可能.2012.考虑岩体损伤和注浆加固效应的单元稳定性[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,43(2):651-655.
李云鹏,王芝银.2010.花岗岩低温强度参数与冰胀力的关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,29(S2):4113-4118.
吕兆海,来兴平,来红祥,等.2014.大采高工作面穿越断层破碎区预注浆耦合加固实践[J].西安科技大学学报,34(6):670-675.
马海春,崔可锐,钱家忠.2017.3种本构关系条件下锚杆摩阻力力学对比分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,13(S1):91-95.
芮雪莲.2016.寒区冻融作用下岩石力学特性及致灾机制研究---以四川藏区主要公路为例[D].成都:成都理工大学.
宋涛.2007.静冰荷载对水工建筑物的影响研究[D].天津:天津大学.
孙奇.2012.GFRP锚杆冻融循环与长期荷载作用力学性能试验研究[D].长沙:中南大学.
腾俊洋,张宇宁,唐建新,等.2017.锚固方式对节理岩体剪切性能影响试验研究[J].岩土力学,38(8):2279-2285.
项伟,刘珣.2010.冻融循环条件下岩石-喷射混凝土组合试样的力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,29(12):2510-2521.
项伟,王琰,贾海梁.2011.冻融循环条件下岩体-喷层结构模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,30(9):1819-1826.
许万忠.2006.节理裂隙边坡稳定性及锚注加固效应研究[D].长沙:中南大学.
张波,李术才,杨学英,等.2014.含交叉裂隙节理岩体锚固效应及破坏模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,33(5):996-1003.
张伟,刘泉声.2014.基于剪切试验的预应力锚杆变形性能分析[J].岩土力学,35(8):2231-2240.
张伟丽,项伟,贾海梁.2014.冻融循环对砂浆岩石锚杆锚固力影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,33(3):558-566.
张勇.2017.温度循环作用后蚀变岩力学参数劣化规律的探究[J].工程地质学报,25(2):410-415.
赵鹏,唐红梅.2008.危岩主控结构面的冻胀力计算公式研究[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),27(3):420-423.