叶尔羌河流域土地覆被生态服务价值变化分析
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摘要
文章参照中国陆地生态系统服务价值当量,结合叶尔羌河流域土地利用/覆被类型特征,分析研究区土地利用/覆被类型及生态服务价值变化。结果表明:(1)在1996-2015年,叶尔羌河流域土地利用/覆被发生了较大的变化,农田和建设用地面积明显增加,增长率分别为7.73%和35.88%;湿地和未利用地面积明显减小,减小率分别为2.89%和0.68%;林地、草地和水体面积基本没有变化。(2)研究区的生态服务价值为13.48×10~8元/a,体现了潜在的生态地位。在9项生态服务功能中水文调节(25.91%)和废物处理(22.75%)生态服务功能价值较高,食物(1.79%)和原料生产(2.92%)生态服务功能价值较低。(3)在研究期间生态服务总价值量增加2.24×10~8元/a,增长率为0.17%,这主要是由农田面积增加所引起;在9项生态服务功能价值中粮食生产功能(1.53%)和原料生产功能(0.29%)价值增长较高,这也是与食物和原材料生产生态服务价值系数较高的农田面积增加有关系。在价格比例上1996-2015年间未发生较大的变化。
The land use/cover type and the value of ecological service in the study area are analyzed according to the land use/cover type characteristics of the Yarkand River Basin, taking into account the value equivalent of land ecosystem services in China. The results showed that land use/cover was changed in the Yarkand River basin from 1996 to 2015, and the area of farmland and construction land increased obviously with the growth rates of 7.73% and 35.88%, respectively. The wetland and unused land area decreased significantly, with the reduction rate as 2.89% and 0.68%. Forest land, grassland and water area remained unchanged. The ecological service value of the study area was 13.48×10~8 yuan/a, which reflects the potential ecological status. In the nine ecological service functions, the hydrological regulation(25.91%) and the waste treatment(22.75%)had higher ecological service function, and the value of ecological service was lower in food(1.79%) and raw material production(2.92%). During the study period, the total value of ecological services increased by 2.24×10~8 yuan/a, the growth rate was 0.17%, which was mainly caused by the increase of farmland area. In the nine ecological service function, the grain production function(1.53%) and value of raw material production(0.29%) was higher, which was also related to the increase in the area of farmland with higher value of food and raw material production. In the proportion of the price of 1996 to 2015, no major changes occurred.
The land use/cover type and the value of ecological service in the study area are analyzed according to the land use/cover type characteristics of the Yarkand River Basin, taking into account the value equivalent of land ecosystem services in China. The results showed that land use/cover was changed in the Yarkand River basin from 1996 to 2015, and the area of farmland and construction land increased obviously with the growth rates of 7.73% and 35.88%, respectively. The wetland and unused land area decreased significantly, with the reduction rate as 2.89% and 0.68%. Forest land, grassland and water area remained unchanged. The ecological service value of the study area was 13.48×10~8 yuan/a, which reflects the potential ecological status. In the nine ecological service functions, the hydrological regulation(25.91%) and the waste treatment(22.75%)had higher ecological service function, and the value of ecological service was lower in food(1.79%) and raw material production(2.92%). During the study period, the total value of ecological services increased by 2.24×10~8 yuan/a, the growth rate was 0.17%, which was mainly caused by the increase of farmland area. In the nine ecological service function, the grain production function(1.53%) and value of raw material production(0.29%) was higher, which was also related to the increase in the area of farmland with higher value of food and raw material production. In the proportion of the price of 1996 to 2015, no major changes occurred.
引文
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[13]凌红波,徐海量,张青青,等.叶尔羌河年径流量与降水量的集中性及相关性分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1757-1764.Ling Hongbo,Xu Hailiang,Zhang Qingqing,et al.Analysis on concentration and correlation of runoff and precipitation in the Yarkand River Basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(6):1757-1764.
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[15]王燕,高吉喜,王金生,等.吉林省自然保护区土地利用/覆被变化及生态系统服务价值动态[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(4):317-322.Wang Yan,Gao Jixi,Wang Jinsheng,et al.Land use/cover change and variation of ecosystem services value of nature reserve in Jilin Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(4):317-322.
[16]李偲,李晓东,海米提·依米提.喀纳斯自然保护区生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(11):164-152.Li Cai,Li Xiaodong,Hymit Yimi.Analysis of the changes of ecosystem service value in Kanas Nature Reserve[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(11):164-152.
[17]王燕,高吉喜,王金生,等.新疆国家级自然保护区土地利用变化的生态系统服务价值响应[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1439-1446.Wang Yan,Gao Jixi,Wang Jinsheng,et al.Responses of ecosystem services value to land use change in national nature reserves in Xinjiang,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(5):1439-1446.
[18]岳书平,张树文,闫业超.东北样带土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响[J].地理学报,2007,62(8):879-886.Yue Shuping,Zhang Shuwen,Yan Yechao.Impacts of land use change on ecosystem services value in the Northeast China Transect(NECT)[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(8):879-886.
[2]傅伯杰,周国逸,白永飞,等.中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(6):571-576.Fu Bojie,Zhou Guoyi,Bai Yongfei,et al.The main terrestrial ecosystem services and ecological security in China[J].Advances in Earth Science,2009,24(6):571-576.
[3]刘永杰,王世畅,彭皓,等.神农架自然保护区森林生态系统服务价值评估[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1431-1438.Liu Yongjie,Wang Shichang,Peng Hao,et al.Evaluation of ecosystem service values of the forests of Shennongjia Nature Reserve[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(5):1431-1438.
[4]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.Ouyang Zhiyun,Wang Xiaoke,Miao Hong.A preliminary study on Chinese terrestrial ecosystem services and their ecological-economic values[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1999,19(5):607-613.
[5]梁美霞.福建戴云山自然保护区生态系统服务价值评估[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(1):263-268.Liang Meixia.Evaluation of ecosystem service value in Fujian Daiyunshan Natural Reserve[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(1):263-268.
[6]邵全琴,刘纪远,黄麟,等.2005-2009年三江源自然保护区生态保护和建设工程生态成效综合评估[J].地理研究,2013,32(9):1645-1656.Shao Quanqin,Liu Jiyuan,Huang Lin,et al.Integrated assessment on the effectiveness of ecological conservation in Sanjiangyuan National Reserve[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(9):1645-1656.
[7]李偲,韩桂红,海米提·依米提,等.土地利用变化对喀纳斯自然保护区生态系统服务价值的影响[J].地域研究与开发,2011,30(3):123-127.Li Cai,Han Guihong,Hymit Yimit,et al.Effects of land use change on the service value of ecosystem in Kanas Nature Reserve[J].Areal Research and Development,2011,30(3):123-127.
[8]陈耀亮,罗格平,叶辉,等.近30年土地利用变化对新疆森林生态系统碳库的影响[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):1987-1999.Chen Yaoliang,Luo Geping,Ye Hui,et al.Sources and sinks of carbon from forest land use change in Xinjiang,China during 1975-2005[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(11):1987-1999.
[9]尹云鹤,吴绍洪,赵东升,等.过去30年气候变化对黄河源区水源涵养量的影响[J].地理研究,2016,35(1):49-57.Yin Yunhe,Wu Shaohong,Zhao Dongsheng,et al.Ecosystem water conservation changes in response to climate change in the source region of the Yellow River from 1981to 2010[J].Geographical Research,2016,35(1):49-57.
[10]向秀容,潘韬,吴绍洪,等.基于生态足迹的天山北坡经济带生态承载力评价与预测[J].地理研究,2016,35(5):875-884.Xiang Xiurong,Pan Tao,Wu Shaohong,et al.Assessment and prediction of ecological carrying capacity for the Northern Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan Mountains[J].Geographical Research,2016,35(5):875-884.
[11]何浩,潘耀忠,朱文泉,等.中国陆地生态系统服务价值测量[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(6):1122-1127.He Hao,Pan Yaozhong,Zhu Wenquan,et al.Measurement of terrestrial ecosystem service value in China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(6):1122-1127.
[12]刘晓梅,闵锦忠,刘天龙.新疆叶尔羌河流域温度与降水序列的小波分析[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(3):566-570.Liu Xiaomei,Min Jinzhong,Liu Tianlong.Wavelet analysis of temperature and precipitation variation in the Yarkant River Basin,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(3):566-570.
[13]凌红波,徐海量,张青青,等.叶尔羌河年径流量与降水量的集中性及相关性分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1757-1764.Ling Hongbo,Xu Hailiang,Zhang Qingqing,et al.Analysis on concentration and correlation of runoff and precipitation in the Yarkand River Basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(6):1757-1764.
[14]杜清,徐海量,张广朋,等.叶尔羌河流域1990-2010年生态环境变化特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):252-256,263.Du Qing,Xu Hailiang,Zhang Guangpeng,et al.Features of eco-environmental changes in Yarkant River Basin from1990 to 2010[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2016,34(1):252-256,263.
[15]王燕,高吉喜,王金生,等.吉林省自然保护区土地利用/覆被变化及生态系统服务价值动态[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(4):317-322.Wang Yan,Gao Jixi,Wang Jinsheng,et al.Land use/cover change and variation of ecosystem services value of nature reserve in Jilin Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(4):317-322.
[16]李偲,李晓东,海米提·依米提.喀纳斯自然保护区生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(11):164-152.Li Cai,Li Xiaodong,Hymit Yimi.Analysis of the changes of ecosystem service value in Kanas Nature Reserve[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(11):164-152.
[17]王燕,高吉喜,王金生,等.新疆国家级自然保护区土地利用变化的生态系统服务价值响应[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1439-1446.Wang Yan,Gao Jixi,Wang Jinsheng,et al.Responses of ecosystem services value to land use change in national nature reserves in Xinjiang,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(5):1439-1446.
[18]岳书平,张树文,闫业超.东北样带土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响[J].地理学报,2007,62(8):879-886.Yue Shuping,Zhang Shuwen,Yan Yechao.Impacts of land use change on ecosystem services value in the Northeast China Transect(NECT)[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(8):879-886.