Phenotypic plasticity of Artemisia ordosica seedlings in response to different levels of calcium carbonate in soil
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摘要
Plant phenotypic plasticity is a common feature that is crucial for explaining interspecific competition, dynamics and biological evolution of plant communities. In this study, we tested the effects of soil CaCO_3(calcium carbonate) on the phenotypic plasticity of a psammophyte, Artemisia ordosica, an important plant species on sandy lands in arid and semi-arid areas of China, by performing pot experiments under different CaCO_3 contents with a two-factor randomized block design and two orthogonal designs. We analyzed the growth responses(including plant height, root length, shoot-leaf biomass and root biomass) of A. ordosica seedlings to different soil CaCO_3 contents. The results revealed that, with a greater soil CaCO_3 content, A. ordosica seedlings gradually grew more slowly, with their relative growth rates of plant height, root length, shoot-leaf biomass and root biomass all decreasing significantly. Root N/P ratios showed significant negative correlations with the relative growth rates of plant height, shoot-leaf biomass and root length of A. ordosica seedlings; however, the relative growth rate of root length increased significantly with the root P concentration increased, showing a positive correlation. These results demonstrate that soil CaCO_3 reduces the local P availability in soil, which produces a non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity to A. ordosica seedlings. This study should prove useful for planning and promoting the restoration of damaged/degraded vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas of China.
Plant phenotypic plasticity is a common feature that is crucial for explaining interspecific competition, dynamics and biological evolution of plant communities. In this study, we tested the effects of soil CaCO_3(calcium carbonate) on the phenotypic plasticity of a psammophyte, Artemisia ordosica, an important plant species on sandy lands in arid and semi-arid areas of China, by performing pot experiments under different CaCO_3 contents with a two-factor randomized block design and two orthogonal designs. We analyzed the growth responses(including plant height, root length, shoot-leaf biomass and root biomass) of A. ordosica seedlings to different soil CaCO_3 contents. The results revealed that, with a greater soil CaCO_3 content, A. ordosica seedlings gradually grew more slowly, with their relative growth rates of plant height, root length, shoot-leaf biomass and root biomass all decreasing significantly. Root N/P ratios showed significant negative correlations with the relative growth rates of plant height, shoot-leaf biomass and root length of A. ordosica seedlings; however, the relative growth rate of root length increased significantly with the root P concentration increased, showing a positive correlation. These results demonstrate that soil CaCO_3 reduces the local P availability in soil, which produces a non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity to A. ordosica seedlings. This study should prove useful for planning and promoting the restoration of damaged/degraded vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas of China.
Plant phenotypic plasticity is a common feature that is crucial for explaining interspecific competition, dynamics and biological evolution of plant communities. In this study, we tested the effects of soil CaCO_3(calcium carbonate) on the phenotypic plasticity of a psammophyte, Artemisia ordosica, an important plant species on sandy lands in arid and semi-arid areas of China, by performing pot experiments under different CaCO_3 contents with a two-factor randomized block design and two orthogonal designs. We analyzed the growth responses(including plant height, root length, shoot-leaf biomass and root biomass) of A. ordosica seedlings to different soil CaCO_3 contents. The results revealed that, with a greater soil CaCO_3 content, A. ordosica seedlings gradually grew more slowly, with their relative growth rates of plant height, root length, shoot-leaf biomass and root biomass all decreasing significantly. Root N/P ratios showed significant negative correlations with the relative growth rates of plant height, shoot-leaf biomass and root length of A. ordosica seedlings; however, the relative growth rate of root length increased significantly with the root P concentration increased, showing a positive correlation. These results demonstrate that soil CaCO_3 reduces the local P availability in soil, which produces a non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity to A. ordosica seedlings. This study should prove useful for planning and promoting the restoration of damaged/degraded vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas of China.
引文
Abbas J A,Mohammed S A,Saleh M A.1991.Edaphic factors and plant species distribution in a protected area in the desert of Bahrain Island.Vegetation,95(1):87-93.
Bao S D.2007.Analytical Methods for Soil and Agro-Chemistry(3rd ed.).Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Science and Technology Press,268-270,389-391.(in Chinese)
Bossdorf O,Pigliucci M.2009.Plasticity to wind is modular and genetically variable in Arabidopsis thaliana.Evolutionary Ecology,23(5):669-685.
Bradshaw A D.1965.Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity in plants.Advances in Genetics,13:115-155.
Bradshaw A D,Hardwick K.1989.Evolution and stress-genotypic and phenotypic components.Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,37(1-2):137-155.
Cai H M,Xie W B,Zhu T,et al.2012.Transcriptome response to phosphorus starvation in rice.Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,34(1):327-341.
Chen M M,Yin H B,O'Connor P,et al.2010.C:N:P stoichiometry and specific growth rate of clover colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Plant and Soil,326(1-2):21-29.
D'Ambrosio P,ColagèI.2017.Extending epigenesis:from phenotypic plasticity to the bio-cultural feedback.Biology&Philosophy,32(5):705-728.
Ehlers K,Bakken L R,Frosteg?rd?,et al.2010.Phosphorus limitation in a Ferralsol:impact on microbial activity and cell internal P pools.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,42(4):558-566.
Elser J J,Fagan W F,Kerkhoff A J,et al.2010.Biological stoichiometry of plant production:metabolism,scaling and ecological response to global change.New Phytologist,186(3):593-608.
Fan Y,Li P F,Hou Z A,et al.2012.Water adaptive traits of deep-rooted C3 halophyte(Karelinia caspica(Pall.)Less.)and shallow-rooted C4 halophyte(Atriplex tatarica L.)in an arid region,Northwest China.Journal of Arid Land,4(4):469-478.
Fusco G,Minelli A.2010.Phenotypic plasticity in development and evolution:facts and concepts.Philosophical Transactions Biological Sciences,365:547-556.
Geng Y P,Zhang W J,Li B,et al.2004.Phenotypic plasticity and invasiveness of alien plants.Biodiversity Science,12(4):447-455.(in Chinese)
Ghalambor C K,McKay J K,Carroll S P,et al.2007.Adaptive versus non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for contemporary adaptation in new environments.Functional Ecology,21(3):394-407.
He X D,You W X,Yu D.2016.Ecological Restoration Theory and Vegetation Reconstruction Technique in Yanchi County of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Tianjin:Nankai University Press,32-58.(in Chinese)
Jain S K,Bradshaw A D.1966.Evolutionary divergence among adjacent plant populations.Heredity,21(3):407-441.
Kerley S J.2000.Changes in root morphology of white lupin(Lupinus albus L.)and its adaptation to soils with heterogeneous alkaline/acid profiles.Plant and Soil,218(1-2):197-205.
Lauri Pé,Barigah T S,Lopez G,et al.2016.Erratum to:Genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of apple morphological responses to soil water restriction in relation with leaf functions and stem xylem conductivity.Trees,30(5):1909-1910.
Lee J A,Woolhouse H W.1971.The relationship of compartmentation of organic acid metabolism to bicarbonateion sensitivity of root growth in calcicoles and calcifuges.New Phytologist,70:103-111.
Li J M,Du L S,Guan W B,et al.2016.Latitudinal and longitudinal clines of phenotypic plasticity in the invasive herb Solidago canadensis in China.Oecologia,182(3):755-764.
Li L,Tang C,Renge Z,et al.2004.Calcium,magnesium and microelement uptake as affected by phosphorus sources and interspecific root interactions between wheat and chickpea.Plant and Soil,261(1-2):29-37.
Ma B,Zhou Z Y,Zhang C P,et al.2009.Inorganic phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere of xerophytic shrubs in the Alxa Desert.Journal of Arid Environments,73(1):55-61.
Martinez-Oro D,Parraga-Aguado I,Querejeta J I,et al.2017.Importance of intra-and interspecific plant interactions for the phytomanagement of semiarid mine tailings using the tree species Pinus halepensis.Chemosphere,186:405-413.
Matzek V,Vitousek P M.2009.N:P stoichiometry and protein:RNA ratios in vascular plants:an evaluation of the growth-rate hypothesis.Ecology Letters,12(8):765-771.
Pedersen J,Fransson A M,Olsson P A.2011.Performance of Anisantha(Bromus)tectorum and Rumex acetosella in sandy calcareous soil.Flora,206(3):276-281.
Persson J,Wojewodzic M W,Hessen D O,et al.2011.Increased risk of phosphorus limitation at higher temperatures for Daphnia magna.Oecologia,165:123-129.
Pigliucci M,Diiorio P,Schlichting C.1997.Phenotypic plasticity of growth trajectories in two species of Lobelia in response to nutrient availability.Journal of Ecology,85(3):265-276.
Pigliucci M.2002.Touchy and bushy:phenotypic plasticity and integration in response to wind stimulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.International Journal of Plant Sciences,163(3):399-408.
Pigliucci M,Kolodynska A.2002.Phenotypic plasticity to light intensity in Arabidopsis thaliana:invariance of reaction norms and phenotypic integration.Evolutionary Ecology,16(1):27-47.
Pigliucci M.2005.Evolution of phenotypic plasticity:where are we going now?Trends in Ecology&Evolution,20(9):481-486.
Qiu R J,Du T S,Kang S Z.2017.Root length density distribution and associated soil water dynamics for tomato plants under furrow irrigation in a solar greenhouse.Journal of Arid Land,9(5):637-650.
Reinbott T M,Blevins D G.1999.Phosphorus nutritional effects on root hydraulic conductance,xylem water flow and flux of magnesium and calcium in squash plants.Plant and Soil,209(2):263-273.
Rivas-Ubacha A,Sardansa J,Pérez-Trujillob M,et al.2012.Strong relationship between elemental stoichiometry and metabolome in plants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American,109(11):4181-4186.
Schinas S,Rowell D L.1977.Lime-induced chlorosis.European Journal of Soil Science,28(2):351-368.
Schlichting C D.1986.The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,17:667-693.
Stearns S C.1989.The evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity.Bioscience,39(7):436-445.
Storz J F,Scott G R,Cheviron1 Z A.2010.Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in vertebrates.The Journal of Experimental Biology,213:4125-4136.
Sultan S E.2001a.Phenotypic plasticity for fitness components in Polygonum species of contrasting ecological breadth.Ecology,82(2):328-343.
Sultan S E.2001b.Phenotypic plasticity for plant development,function and life history.Trends in Plant Science,5(12):537-542.
Via S,Gomulkiewicz R,De Jong G,et al.1995.Adaptive phenotypic plasticity:consensus and controversy.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,10(5):212-217.
Wang X,Song N P,Yang X G,et al.2018.Grazing exclusion-induced shifts,the relative importance of environmental filtering,biotic interactions and dispersal limitation in shaping desert steppe communities,northern China.Journal of Arid Land,10(3):402-415.
Wojewodzic M W,Kyle M,Elser J J,et al.2011.Joint effect of phosphorus limitation and temperature on alkaline phosphatase activity and somatic growth in Daphnia magna.Oecologia,165(4):837-846.
Zhao X L,He X D,Xue P P,et al.2012.Effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/available phosphorus ratio on plant density in Artemisia ordosica communities.Chinese Science Bulletin,57(5):492-499.
Zheng M,Lai L,Jiang L,et al.2012.Moderate water supply and partial sand burial increase relative growth rate of two Artemisia species in an inland sandy land.Journal of Arid Environments.85:105-113.
Bao S D.2007.Analytical Methods for Soil and Agro-Chemistry(3rd ed.).Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Science and Technology Press,268-270,389-391.(in Chinese)
Bossdorf O,Pigliucci M.2009.Plasticity to wind is modular and genetically variable in Arabidopsis thaliana.Evolutionary Ecology,23(5):669-685.
Bradshaw A D.1965.Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity in plants.Advances in Genetics,13:115-155.
Bradshaw A D,Hardwick K.1989.Evolution and stress-genotypic and phenotypic components.Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,37(1-2):137-155.
Cai H M,Xie W B,Zhu T,et al.2012.Transcriptome response to phosphorus starvation in rice.Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,34(1):327-341.
Chen M M,Yin H B,O'Connor P,et al.2010.C:N:P stoichiometry and specific growth rate of clover colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Plant and Soil,326(1-2):21-29.
D'Ambrosio P,ColagèI.2017.Extending epigenesis:from phenotypic plasticity to the bio-cultural feedback.Biology&Philosophy,32(5):705-728.
Ehlers K,Bakken L R,Frosteg?rd?,et al.2010.Phosphorus limitation in a Ferralsol:impact on microbial activity and cell internal P pools.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,42(4):558-566.
Elser J J,Fagan W F,Kerkhoff A J,et al.2010.Biological stoichiometry of plant production:metabolism,scaling and ecological response to global change.New Phytologist,186(3):593-608.
Fan Y,Li P F,Hou Z A,et al.2012.Water adaptive traits of deep-rooted C3 halophyte(Karelinia caspica(Pall.)Less.)and shallow-rooted C4 halophyte(Atriplex tatarica L.)in an arid region,Northwest China.Journal of Arid Land,4(4):469-478.
Fusco G,Minelli A.2010.Phenotypic plasticity in development and evolution:facts and concepts.Philosophical Transactions Biological Sciences,365:547-556.
Geng Y P,Zhang W J,Li B,et al.2004.Phenotypic plasticity and invasiveness of alien plants.Biodiversity Science,12(4):447-455.(in Chinese)
Ghalambor C K,McKay J K,Carroll S P,et al.2007.Adaptive versus non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for contemporary adaptation in new environments.Functional Ecology,21(3):394-407.
He X D,You W X,Yu D.2016.Ecological Restoration Theory and Vegetation Reconstruction Technique in Yanchi County of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Tianjin:Nankai University Press,32-58.(in Chinese)
Jain S K,Bradshaw A D.1966.Evolutionary divergence among adjacent plant populations.Heredity,21(3):407-441.
Kerley S J.2000.Changes in root morphology of white lupin(Lupinus albus L.)and its adaptation to soils with heterogeneous alkaline/acid profiles.Plant and Soil,218(1-2):197-205.
Lauri Pé,Barigah T S,Lopez G,et al.2016.Erratum to:Genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of apple morphological responses to soil water restriction in relation with leaf functions and stem xylem conductivity.Trees,30(5):1909-1910.
Lee J A,Woolhouse H W.1971.The relationship of compartmentation of organic acid metabolism to bicarbonateion sensitivity of root growth in calcicoles and calcifuges.New Phytologist,70:103-111.
Li J M,Du L S,Guan W B,et al.2016.Latitudinal and longitudinal clines of phenotypic plasticity in the invasive herb Solidago canadensis in China.Oecologia,182(3):755-764.
Li L,Tang C,Renge Z,et al.2004.Calcium,magnesium and microelement uptake as affected by phosphorus sources and interspecific root interactions between wheat and chickpea.Plant and Soil,261(1-2):29-37.
Ma B,Zhou Z Y,Zhang C P,et al.2009.Inorganic phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere of xerophytic shrubs in the Alxa Desert.Journal of Arid Environments,73(1):55-61.
Martinez-Oro D,Parraga-Aguado I,Querejeta J I,et al.2017.Importance of intra-and interspecific plant interactions for the phytomanagement of semiarid mine tailings using the tree species Pinus halepensis.Chemosphere,186:405-413.
Matzek V,Vitousek P M.2009.N:P stoichiometry and protein:RNA ratios in vascular plants:an evaluation of the growth-rate hypothesis.Ecology Letters,12(8):765-771.
Pedersen J,Fransson A M,Olsson P A.2011.Performance of Anisantha(Bromus)tectorum and Rumex acetosella in sandy calcareous soil.Flora,206(3):276-281.
Persson J,Wojewodzic M W,Hessen D O,et al.2011.Increased risk of phosphorus limitation at higher temperatures for Daphnia magna.Oecologia,165:123-129.
Pigliucci M,Diiorio P,Schlichting C.1997.Phenotypic plasticity of growth trajectories in two species of Lobelia in response to nutrient availability.Journal of Ecology,85(3):265-276.
Pigliucci M.2002.Touchy and bushy:phenotypic plasticity and integration in response to wind stimulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.International Journal of Plant Sciences,163(3):399-408.
Pigliucci M,Kolodynska A.2002.Phenotypic plasticity to light intensity in Arabidopsis thaliana:invariance of reaction norms and phenotypic integration.Evolutionary Ecology,16(1):27-47.
Pigliucci M.2005.Evolution of phenotypic plasticity:where are we going now?Trends in Ecology&Evolution,20(9):481-486.
Qiu R J,Du T S,Kang S Z.2017.Root length density distribution and associated soil water dynamics for tomato plants under furrow irrigation in a solar greenhouse.Journal of Arid Land,9(5):637-650.
Reinbott T M,Blevins D G.1999.Phosphorus nutritional effects on root hydraulic conductance,xylem water flow and flux of magnesium and calcium in squash plants.Plant and Soil,209(2):263-273.
Rivas-Ubacha A,Sardansa J,Pérez-Trujillob M,et al.2012.Strong relationship between elemental stoichiometry and metabolome in plants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American,109(11):4181-4186.
Schinas S,Rowell D L.1977.Lime-induced chlorosis.European Journal of Soil Science,28(2):351-368.
Schlichting C D.1986.The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,17:667-693.
Stearns S C.1989.The evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity.Bioscience,39(7):436-445.
Storz J F,Scott G R,Cheviron1 Z A.2010.Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in vertebrates.The Journal of Experimental Biology,213:4125-4136.
Sultan S E.2001a.Phenotypic plasticity for fitness components in Polygonum species of contrasting ecological breadth.Ecology,82(2):328-343.
Sultan S E.2001b.Phenotypic plasticity for plant development,function and life history.Trends in Plant Science,5(12):537-542.
Via S,Gomulkiewicz R,De Jong G,et al.1995.Adaptive phenotypic plasticity:consensus and controversy.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,10(5):212-217.
Wang X,Song N P,Yang X G,et al.2018.Grazing exclusion-induced shifts,the relative importance of environmental filtering,biotic interactions and dispersal limitation in shaping desert steppe communities,northern China.Journal of Arid Land,10(3):402-415.
Wojewodzic M W,Kyle M,Elser J J,et al.2011.Joint effect of phosphorus limitation and temperature on alkaline phosphatase activity and somatic growth in Daphnia magna.Oecologia,165(4):837-846.
Zhao X L,He X D,Xue P P,et al.2012.Effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/available phosphorus ratio on plant density in Artemisia ordosica communities.Chinese Science Bulletin,57(5):492-499.
Zheng M,Lai L,Jiang L,et al.2012.Moderate water supply and partial sand burial increase relative growth rate of two Artemisia species in an inland sandy land.Journal of Arid Environments.85:105-113.