喀斯特生境不同功能型植物根系中AM侵染与氮磷含量的关系
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摘要
【目的】高度异质的喀斯特生境中维持了丰富的植物物种。丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)在促进植物养分吸收及维持物种之间的功能关系具有重要作用,研究喀斯特生境不同功能型植物根系中AM侵染与植物氮磷含量的关系对深入探索喀斯特物种多样性维持机制具有重要意义。【方法】选取典型喀斯特生境植物群落为对象,按乔木型、灌木型、草本型和藤本型划分功能型,在半径为3m的样圆内选取香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)作为供体植物标记15 N同位素,测定了样圆内所有植物叶片δ15 N值及氮(N)与磷(P)的含量、根系AM侵染率、根际土壤孢子密度等。【结果】供体香樟中的15 N向样圆内所有植物转移,植物功能型差异和物种的差异明显影响了植株叶片的δ15 N值;乔木型植物的根际土壤孢子密度、叶片N含量及δ15 N值最高,香樟的根际土壤孢子密度和叶片δ15 N值最高,而女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)叶片N含量最高;灌木型植物叶片的N含量、P含量、N与P的含量比、δ15 N值以及根系AM侵染率、根际土壤孢子密度最低,其中烟管荚蒾(Viburnum utile)的根系AM侵染率和根际土壤孢子密度为0;草本型植物的根系AM侵染率和叶片P含量最高,其中丝叶薹草(Carex capilliformis)的叶片P含量和根系AM侵染率最高,但叶片N含量最低。【结论】喀斯特生境中不同功能型植物叶片氮磷含量及氮转移量存在差异,不同植物的根系AM侵染率与根际土壤孢子密度、叶片P含量有明显的正相关关系,叶片δ15 N值与叶片N含量、根际土壤孢子密度有明显的正相关关系。
[Purposes]The heterogeneous karst habitat maintain rich plant species.Arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM)plays an important role in promoting nutrients uptake and maintaining functions for plant species.The aim is to explore maintaining mechanism of plant diversity in karst area via researching on the relationship between AM infection and nitrogen and phosphorus content in roots of different plant functional types in karst habitat.[Methods]The typical karst plant communities were selected as an object,which were divided into functional types by arbor,shrubs,herbs and vines.The Cinnamomum camphorasapling was selected as the donor plant to mark the 15 N isotope in the sample circle with a radius of 3 meters,and then,the related indexes of all receiver plants were measured such as theδ15 N value,nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)content of leaf,root mycorrhizal infection and spore density.[Findings]The 15 N of donor C.camphoratransferred to all receiver plants in the sample circle,and the differences of plant types and species differences both significantly affected theδ15 N value in plant leaf.The arbor had the highest value of mycorrhizal spore density,N content and theδ15 N.In addition,the mycorrhizal spore density andδ15 N value of C.camphora was the highest respectively,while the highest N content was Ligustrum lucidum.Shrub had the lowest value of root colonized rate,spore density,N and P content,N:P andδ15 N,and the root colonized rate and spore density of Viburnum utile were both 0.The herb had the highest value of mycorrhizal colonized rate and P content.The colonized rate and P content of Carex capilliformis was the highest respectively,while the N content lowest.[Conclusions]The relationship between N content and N∶P were extremely significant in different species and different functional types.In different species the obvious significant correlations were found among the mycorrhizal colonized rate,mycorrhizal spore density and P content,and theδ15 N value was obvious significantly correlated to the N content and mycorrhizal spore density respectively.
[Purposes]The heterogeneous karst habitat maintain rich plant species.Arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM)plays an important role in promoting nutrients uptake and maintaining functions for plant species.The aim is to explore maintaining mechanism of plant diversity in karst area via researching on the relationship between AM infection and nitrogen and phosphorus content in roots of different plant functional types in karst habitat.[Methods]The typical karst plant communities were selected as an object,which were divided into functional types by arbor,shrubs,herbs and vines.The Cinnamomum camphorasapling was selected as the donor plant to mark the 15 N isotope in the sample circle with a radius of 3 meters,and then,the related indexes of all receiver plants were measured such as theδ15 N value,nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)content of leaf,root mycorrhizal infection and spore density.[Findings]The 15 N of donor C.camphoratransferred to all receiver plants in the sample circle,and the differences of plant types and species differences both significantly affected theδ15 N value in plant leaf.The arbor had the highest value of mycorrhizal spore density,N content and theδ15 N.In addition,the mycorrhizal spore density andδ15 N value of C.camphora was the highest respectively,while the highest N content was Ligustrum lucidum.Shrub had the lowest value of root colonized rate,spore density,N and P content,N:P andδ15 N,and the root colonized rate and spore density of Viburnum utile were both 0.The herb had the highest value of mycorrhizal colonized rate and P content.The colonized rate and P content of Carex capilliformis was the highest respectively,while the N content lowest.[Conclusions]The relationship between N content and N∶P were extremely significant in different species and different functional types.In different species the obvious significant correlations were found among the mycorrhizal colonized rate,mycorrhizal spore density and P content,and theδ15 N value was obvious significantly correlated to the N content and mycorrhizal spore density respectively.
引文
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[2]AGUIAR M R,PARUELO J M,SALA O E,et al.Ecosystem responses to changes in plant functional type composition:an example from the patagonian steppe[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,1996,7(3):381-390.
[3]唐海萍,蒋高明.植物功能型及其生态学意义[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(3):461-464.TANG H P,JIANG G M.Plant function type and its significance in ecological reserch[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2000,11(3):461-464.
[4]WESTOBY M,FALSTER D S,MOLES A T,et al.Plant ecological strategies:some leading dimensions of variation between species[J].Annual Review of Ecology&Systematics,2002,33(1):125-159.
[5]VITOUSEK P M,PORDER S,HOULTON B Z,et al.Terrestrial phosphorus limitation:mechanisms,implications,and nitrogen-phosphorus interactions[J].Ecological Applications,2010,20(1):5-15.
[6]刘润进,李晓林.丛枝菌根及其应用[M].北京:科学出社,2000.LIU R J,LI X L.Arbuscular mycorrhiza and its application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.
[7]LERAT S,GAUCI R,CATFORD J G,et al.14Ctransfer between the spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum and sugar maple saplings via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural stands[J].Oecologia,2002,132(2):181-187.
[8]FELLBAUM C R,MENSAH J A,CLOOS A J,et al.Fungal nutrient allocation in common mycorrhizal networks is regulated by the carbon source strength of individual host plants[J].New Phytologist,2014,203(2):646-656.
[9]王世杰.喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨[J].中国岩溶,2002,21(2):101-105.WANG S J.Concept deduction and its connotation of karst rocky desertification[J].Carsologica Sinica,2002,21(2):101-105.
[10]朱守谦.喀斯特森林生态研究III[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2003.ZHU S Q.Karst forest ecological reserch III[M].Guiyang:Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House Co.,Ltd,2003.
[11]曾昭璇.论我国南部喀斯特地形的特征[J].中国岩溶,1982(1):27-32.ZENG Z X.The karst morphological characters in south China[J].Carsologica Sinica,1982(1):27-32.
[12]喻理飞,朱守谦,叶镜中,等.退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中群落动态研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(1):1-7.YU L F,ZHU S Q,YE J Z,et al.Dynamics of a degraded karst forest in the process of natural restoration[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2002,38(1):1-7.
[13]郭柯,刘长成,董鸣.我国西南喀斯特植物生态适应性与石漠化治理[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(10):991-999.GUO K,LIU C C,DONG M.Ecological adaptation of plants and control of rocky-desertification on karst region of southwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(10):991-999.
[14]何跃军,钟章成,刘济明,等.构树(Broussonetiap apyrifera)幼苗氮、磷吸收对接种AM真菌的响应[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4840-4847.HE Y J,ZHONG Z C,LIU J M,et al.Response of N and P absorption on Broussonetiap apyrifera seedlings to inoculate VA mycorrhizal fungi[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(11):4840-4847.
[15]CASPER B B,CASTELLI J P.Evaluating plant-soil feedback together with competition in a serpentine grassland[J].Ecology Letters,2007,10(5):394-400.
[16]杨应,蒋长洪,何跃军,等.丛枝菌根网对喀斯特适生植物氮、磷化学计量特征的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(12):2078-2090.YANG Y,JIANG C H,HE Y J,et al.Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal networks on the N and P contents and stoichiometry of three plants species from karst area[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2017,53(12):2078-2090.
[17]张韫.土壤·水·植物理化分析教程[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2011.ZHANG Y.Soil·water·plant physical and chemical analysis course[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2011.
[18]王幼珊.中国丛枝菌根真菌资源与种质资源[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2012.WANG Y S.Mycorrhizal fungi resources and germplasm resources in China[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2012.
[29]CLEMENTS R,SODHI N S,SCHILTHUIZEN M,et al.Limestone karsts of southeast Asia:imperiled arks of biodiversity[J].Bioscience,2006,56(9):733-742.
[20]韦莉莉,卢昌熠,丁晶,等.丛枝菌根真菌参与下植物-土壤系统的养分交流及调控[J].生态学报,2016,36(14):4233-4243.WEI L L,LU C Y,DING J,et al.Functional relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts and nutrient dynamics in plant-soil-microbe system[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(14):4233-4243.
[21]NENSHAM K K,FITTER A H,WATKINSON A R.Multi-functionality and biodiversity in arbuscular mycorrhizas[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1995,10(10):407-411.
[22]郭良栋,田春杰.菌根真菌的碳氮循环功能研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2013,40(1):158-171.GUO L D,TIAN C J.Progress of the function of mycorrhizal fungi in the cycle of carbon and nitrogen[J].Microbiology China,2013,40(1):158-171.
[23]PARNISKE M.Arbuscular mycorrhiza:the mother of plant root endosymbioses[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6(10):763-775.
[24]孟晓燕,尹林克,陈理.塔里木河下游丛枝菌根植物的侵染[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(1):102-108.MENG X Y,YIN L K,CHEN L.Arbuscular mycorrhizaes of common plants infection at the lower reches of the Tarim river[J].Arid Land Geography,2008,31(1):102-108.
[25]胡文武,吴勇,郭健桦,等.东寨港红树林丛枝菌根真菌侵染和孢子密度及其影响因子研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2015,54(2):106-111.HU W W,WU Y,GUO J H,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and spore density in mangrove species and their influence factors in Dongzhaigang nature reserve[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2015,54(2):106-111.
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