番茄与马铃薯嫁接对其植株源库关系的影响
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摘要
以‘优选上海908’番茄为接穗,‘丽薯6号’马铃薯为砧木,研究了嫁接对其植株生长,源库器官质量、形态,光合产物分配的影响。结果表明:对照番茄的株高高于对照马铃薯,但茎粗细于对照马铃薯,而嫁接后二者均居于对照番茄与对照马铃薯之间;嫁接显著增加了植株叶面积,嫁接植株的根系体积、长度均显著大于接穗番茄,但与砧木马铃薯差异不显著;嫁接植株最终地上部所结番茄、地下部所结马铃薯的产量与对照差异不显著;嫁接植株的番茄果实和马铃薯块茎的体积、纵横径、单果质量、单株结果数分别与对照番茄和马铃薯差异不显著;此外,嫁接植株叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量与番茄相差不大,根系中的含量更接近于马铃薯,而枝蔓中的含量居于对照马铃薯与对照番茄之间。可见,嫁接植株地上部和地下部生长势均较旺盛,到开花结果及地下块茎形成时,源库关系开始建立并趋于协调;嫁接后增加了源强,扩大了库容,源库关系达到新的平衡,其产量接近对照番茄与对照马铃薯产量之和,提高了土地利用率。
Taking ‘Youxuanshanghai 908' tomato as scion,‘Lishu 6' potato as rootstock,the effects of grafting on plant growth,source-sink organ quality,morphology,and photosynthate allocation were studied.The results showed that the plant height of the control tomato was higher,but the stem diameter was smaller than that of the control potato,and the plant height and stem diameter of the grafted plants were between the control tomato and the control potato;grafting significantly increased the leaf area,and the root volume and length of grafted plants were significantly higher than those of control tomato,but not significantly different with control potato;the yield was not significantly different between the tomato and potato produced by grafting plants and control plants;the fruit volume,vertical and horizontal diameter,single fruit weight,and the number of fruits per plant were not significantly different with between grafting plants and control tomato,and the same was true of grafted potato tubers.In addition,the contents of soluble sugar and starch in the leaves of grafted plant were similar to those of tomato,and the content of root was close to that of potato,while the content of branch was between control potato and control tomato.It could be seen that the growth potential of the shoot and underground part of the grafted plant was vigorous,and the source-sink relationship begins to be established and tends to be coordinated when the flowering and fruiting and the formation of the underground tubers are formed.After grafting,the source strength was increased,the sink capacity was enlarged,and the source-sink relationship reached a new balance.The yield of the grafted tomato was close to the sum of the yield of the control tomato and the control potato,and the land utilization efficiency was improved.
Taking ‘Youxuanshanghai 908' tomato as scion,‘Lishu 6' potato as rootstock,the effects of grafting on plant growth,source-sink organ quality,morphology,and photosynthate allocation were studied.The results showed that the plant height of the control tomato was higher,but the stem diameter was smaller than that of the control potato,and the plant height and stem diameter of the grafted plants were between the control tomato and the control potato;grafting significantly increased the leaf area,and the root volume and length of grafted plants were significantly higher than those of control tomato,but not significantly different with control potato;the yield was not significantly different between the tomato and potato produced by grafting plants and control plants;the fruit volume,vertical and horizontal diameter,single fruit weight,and the number of fruits per plant were not significantly different with between grafting plants and control tomato,and the same was true of grafted potato tubers.In addition,the contents of soluble sugar and starch in the leaves of grafted plant were similar to those of tomato,and the content of root was close to that of potato,while the content of branch was between control potato and control tomato.It could be seen that the growth potential of the shoot and underground part of the grafted plant was vigorous,and the source-sink relationship begins to be established and tends to be coordinated when the flowering and fruiting and the formation of the underground tubers are formed.After grafting,the source strength was increased,the sink capacity was enlarged,and the source-sink relationship reached a new balance.The yield of the grafted tomato was close to the sum of the yield of the control tomato and the control potato,and the land utilization efficiency was improved.
引文
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[15] 李凤海,周芳,王志斌.不同玉米品种最佳密度研究[J].种子,2007,26(2):77-80.
[16] 邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17] 孙胜,田永生,冷丹丹,等.不同砧木对嫁接西瓜经济产量及叶片矿质营养含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(1):179-184.
[18] LEE J M,KUBOTA C,TSAO S J,et al.Current status of vegetable grafting:Diffusion,grafting techniques,automation[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2010,127(2):93-105.
[19] 王晓黎,王宏,黄涛,等.番茄嫁接紫色春马铃薯共生培育方法[J].四川农业科技,2015(4):15-16.
[20] LAURENT U,MATHIEU L.Effect of leaf-to-fruit ratio on leaf nitrogen content and net photosynthesis in girdled branches of Mangifera indica L[J].Trees,2005,19(5):564-571.
[21] 齐红岩,李天来,刘轶飞,等.嫁接对薄皮甜瓜光合特性、产量与含糖量的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(2):155-158.
[22] MASAYUKI O,MASAYA M Y,GENJIRO M.Water transfer at graft union of tomato plants grafted onto Solanum rootstocks[J].Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science,2005,74(6):458-463.
[23] 吴正景,王少先,刘小花,等.番茄/马铃薯嫁接对番茄生长和果实性状的影响[J].长江蔬菜(学术版),2011(6):41-43.
[24] 彭丽丽,姜卫兵,韩健.源库关系变化对果树产量及果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究,2012,30(3):134-140.
[2] 周海燕,张少英,李国龙,等.甜菜源库关系的研究[J].华北农学报,2008,23(3):94-99.
[3] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志(第67卷第1分册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[4] 查素娥,张春奇,李红波.马铃薯嫁接番茄试验初报[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010(1):37-38.
[5] 何从亮,毛久庚,甘小虎,等.马铃薯嫁接番茄的实验研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2011(1):28-29.
[6] 秦亚洲,雷娟娟.马铃薯嫁接番茄栽培技术浅析[J].新疆农业科技,2016(5):30-31.
[7] 曹显祖,朱庆森.水稻品种的库源特征及其类型划分的研究[J].作物学报,1987,13(4):265-272.
[8] 胡昌洪.夏玉米群体光合速率与产量关系研究[J].作物学报,1992,18(3):33-36.
[9] ANDRADE F H,UHART S A.Intercepted radiation at flowing and kernel number in maize:Shade versus plant density effects[J].Crop Sci,1993,33(3):482-485.
[10] 陆卫平.不同生态条件下玉米产量源库关系的研究[J].作物学报,1997,23(6):725-733.
[11] UHART S A,ANDRADE F H.Nitrogen and carbon accumulation and remobilization during grain filling in maize under different source-sink ratios[J].Crop Sci,1995,35(1):183-190.
[12] 陈国平,郭景伦,王忠孝,等.玉米库源关系的研究[J].玉米科学,1998,6(4):36-38.
[13] 李明,李文雄.玉米产量形成与源库关系[J].玉米科学,2006,14(2):67-70.
[14] 黄智鸿,申林,曹洋,等.超高产玉米与普通玉米源库关系的比较研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2007,29(6):607-611.
[15] 李凤海,周芳,王志斌.不同玉米品种最佳密度研究[J].种子,2007,26(2):77-80.
[16] 邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17] 孙胜,田永生,冷丹丹,等.不同砧木对嫁接西瓜经济产量及叶片矿质营养含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(1):179-184.
[18] LEE J M,KUBOTA C,TSAO S J,et al.Current status of vegetable grafting:Diffusion,grafting techniques,automation[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2010,127(2):93-105.
[19] 王晓黎,王宏,黄涛,等.番茄嫁接紫色春马铃薯共生培育方法[J].四川农业科技,2015(4):15-16.
[20] LAURENT U,MATHIEU L.Effect of leaf-to-fruit ratio on leaf nitrogen content and net photosynthesis in girdled branches of Mangifera indica L[J].Trees,2005,19(5):564-571.
[21] 齐红岩,李天来,刘轶飞,等.嫁接对薄皮甜瓜光合特性、产量与含糖量的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2006,37(2):155-158.
[22] MASAYUKI O,MASAYA M Y,GENJIRO M.Water transfer at graft union of tomato plants grafted onto Solanum rootstocks[J].Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science,2005,74(6):458-463.
[23] 吴正景,王少先,刘小花,等.番茄/马铃薯嫁接对番茄生长和果实性状的影响[J].长江蔬菜(学术版),2011(6):41-43.
[24] 彭丽丽,姜卫兵,韩健.源库关系变化对果树产量及果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究,2012,30(3):134-140.