改进滑模极值搜索控制在风能转换系统最大功率追踪的应用
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摘要
针对传统的滑模极值搜索控制算法在永磁风能转换系统的最大功率追踪过程中存在稳态振荡、突变风速下跟随性差的问题,提出了无稳态振荡的改进滑模极值搜索控制算法。为改善追踪精度,导出了直流侧参考电压稳态振幅与算法参数间的数学关系,并对其进行优化。采用无需载波就可以直接产生开关信号的功率滑模控制器来改善系统的跟随性,免去了风能转换系统传统PI控制器中的参数调整过程。最后,以MATLAB为平台搭建了小型永磁风能转换系统,证实了所提方法的有效性和实用性。
Considering that the problems of steady oscillations and poor followability at step wind speed occur in the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)process of permanent magnet wind energy conversion system(WECS)when using the traditional sliding mode extremum seeking control(SMESC)algorithm,an improved SMESC algorithm is proposed,which eliminates the steady-state oscillations. To improve the tracking accuracy,the mathematical relation between the steady-state amplitude of the DC-side reference voltage and the parameters of the algorithm is deduced and optimized further. In addition,a sliding mode power controller,which can generate the switching signal directly without a carrier signal,is implemented to improve the followability of WECS. In this way,the process of parameter adjustment in the traditional PI controller of WECS is eliminated. Finally,the validity and practicability of the proposed algorithm are verified through a small-scale permanent magnet WECS built in MATLAB.
Considering that the problems of steady oscillations and poor followability at step wind speed occur in the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)process of permanent magnet wind energy conversion system(WECS)when using the traditional sliding mode extremum seeking control(SMESC)algorithm,an improved SMESC algorithm is proposed,which eliminates the steady-state oscillations. To improve the tracking accuracy,the mathematical relation between the steady-state amplitude of the DC-side reference voltage and the parameters of the algorithm is deduced and optimized further. In addition,a sliding mode power controller,which can generate the switching signal directly without a carrier signal,is implemented to improve the followability of WECS. In this way,the process of parameter adjustment in the traditional PI controller of WECS is eliminated. Finally,the validity and practicability of the proposed algorithm are verified through a small-scale permanent magnet WECS built in MATLAB.
引文
[1] Daili Y,Gaubert J P,Rahmani L. Implementation of a new maximum power point tracking control strategy for small wind energy conversion systems without mechanical sensors[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,2015,97:298-306.
[2] Kot R,Rolak M,Malinowski M. Comparison of maximum peak power tracking algorithms for a small wind turbine[J]. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2013,91:29-40.
[3]赵健,周雪松,马幼捷(Zhao Jian,Zhou Xuesong,Ma Youjie).基于最优初值电导增量控制的光伏系统最大功率跟踪策略(Maximum power point tracking strategy for photovoltaic system based on optimal initial value of incremental conductance control)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2017,29(4):20-28.
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[5]石季英,薛飞,秦子键,等(Shi Jiying,Xue Fei,Qin Zijian,et al). 3步光伏最大功率点跟踪算法(Three-step MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems)[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版(Journal of Tianjin Vniversity:Science and Technology),2016,49(5):485-490.
[6] Pan Yaodong,Ozguner U,Acarman T. Stability and performance improvement of extremum seeking control with sliding mode[J]. International Journal of Control,2003,76(9-10):968-985.
[7]赵亮,吕剑虹,向文国(Zhao Liang,LüJianhong,Xiang Wenguo).采用极值搜索法的风电机组最大风能追踪控制(Maximum wind energy tracking control of wind power generation unit with extremum seeking)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2011,35(5):171-176.
[8]赵亮,韩华玲,陈宁,等(Zhao Liang,Han Hualing,Chen Ning,et al).基于模糊滑模控制的风电机组最大风能追踪策略(Maximum wind energy tracking based on fuzzy sliding mode control for wind power generation system)[J].电力自动化设备(Electric Power Automation Equipment),2013,32(12):74-79.
[9] Chen Jui-Ho,Yau Her-Terng,Hung Weir. Design and study on sliding mode extremum seeking control of the chaos embedded particle swarm optimization for maximum power point tracking in wind power systems[J]. Energies,2014,7(3):1706-1720.
[10] Wang Libin,Chen Songlin,Zhao Hui. A novel fast extremum seeking scheme without steady-state oscillation[C]//33rd Chinese Control Conference. Nanjing,China,2014:8687-8692.
[11]林小峰,赵立(Lin Xiaofeng,Zhao Li).永磁同步风力发电机的双启发式动态规划控制(Control of permanent magnet synchronous generators based on dual heuristic programming)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2016,28(10):37-41.
[12]李军,田野,田华,等(Li Jun,Tian Ye,Tian Hua,et al).永磁直驱风力发电中风力机模拟系统的研究(A research of wind turbine imitation system in direct-drive PMSG wind generation)[J].电力电子技术(Power Electronics),2011,45(1):33-351.
[2] Kot R,Rolak M,Malinowski M. Comparison of maximum peak power tracking algorithms for a small wind turbine[J]. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2013,91:29-40.
[3]赵健,周雪松,马幼捷(Zhao Jian,Zhou Xuesong,Ma Youjie).基于最优初值电导增量控制的光伏系统最大功率跟踪策略(Maximum power point tracking strategy for photovoltaic system based on optimal initial value of incremental conductance control)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2017,29(4):20-28.
[4] Dalala Z M,Zahid Z U,Wensong Yu,et al. Design and analysis of an MPPT technique for small-scale wind energy conversion systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2013,28(3):756-767.
[5]石季英,薛飞,秦子键,等(Shi Jiying,Xue Fei,Qin Zijian,et al). 3步光伏最大功率点跟踪算法(Three-step MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems)[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版(Journal of Tianjin Vniversity:Science and Technology),2016,49(5):485-490.
[6] Pan Yaodong,Ozguner U,Acarman T. Stability and performance improvement of extremum seeking control with sliding mode[J]. International Journal of Control,2003,76(9-10):968-985.
[7]赵亮,吕剑虹,向文国(Zhao Liang,LüJianhong,Xiang Wenguo).采用极值搜索法的风电机组最大风能追踪控制(Maximum wind energy tracking control of wind power generation unit with extremum seeking)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2011,35(5):171-176.
[8]赵亮,韩华玲,陈宁,等(Zhao Liang,Han Hualing,Chen Ning,et al).基于模糊滑模控制的风电机组最大风能追踪策略(Maximum wind energy tracking based on fuzzy sliding mode control for wind power generation system)[J].电力自动化设备(Electric Power Automation Equipment),2013,32(12):74-79.
[9] Chen Jui-Ho,Yau Her-Terng,Hung Weir. Design and study on sliding mode extremum seeking control of the chaos embedded particle swarm optimization for maximum power point tracking in wind power systems[J]. Energies,2014,7(3):1706-1720.
[10] Wang Libin,Chen Songlin,Zhao Hui. A novel fast extremum seeking scheme without steady-state oscillation[C]//33rd Chinese Control Conference. Nanjing,China,2014:8687-8692.
[11]林小峰,赵立(Lin Xiaofeng,Zhao Li).永磁同步风力发电机的双启发式动态规划控制(Control of permanent magnet synchronous generators based on dual heuristic programming)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2016,28(10):37-41.
[12]李军,田野,田华,等(Li Jun,Tian Ye,Tian Hua,et al).永磁直驱风力发电中风力机模拟系统的研究(A research of wind turbine imitation system in direct-drive PMSG wind generation)[J].电力电子技术(Power Electronics),2011,45(1):33-351.