水分对于便携式X射线荧光光谱仪测定土壤中元素含量的影响
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摘要
便携式X射线荧光光谱法(PXRF)是测定土壤中元素含量的一种方法,但由于土壤中的水分含量会影响采用该方法的测试结果,因此需要对土壤中水分的影响进行实证研究。实验采用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(PXRF)对不同含水量的土壤样品中有益元素(K、Ca、Fe、Mn)和有害元素(Cr、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cu)进行测试,探讨水分对于测试结果的影响,并将结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)结果作比较。结果表明,PXRF对于不同元素的敏感性不同,对于土壤样品中含量较大的K、Ca、Fe、Mn元素来说,样品中水分含量越大,元素含量的PXRF检测结果越小,且水分对于这几种元素的PXRF检测结果存在显著性影响,在含水量分别不超过0、0.20、0.10、0.10mL/g时,PXRF检测结果与ICP-AES测试值之间无显著差异;对于Cr、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cu几种含量较低的元素,PXRF检测结果受水分影响相对较小,表现为先下降后基本不变,其中Cr、Zn、Pb元素检测结果在含水量分别不超过0.20、0、0.10mL/g时,PXRF检测值与ICP-AES结果无显著差异;Cu元素的ICP-AES结果显著高于所有的PXRF测试值,且在含水量为0~0.10mL/g之间,PXRF检测值无显著差异,之后显著下降,但受水分的影响不再显著;Ni元素含量的PXRF检测结果基本不受水分的影响,但含水量在0~0.15mL/g时,Ni元素的PXRF检测值显著高于ICP-AES结果。因此采用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪进行土壤中重金属的现场快速测定时,应注意土壤的水分条件。
The portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(PXRF)is one of methods for the determination of elemental content in soil.However,the determination results can be affected by the water content in soil.Therefore,the empirical study about the influence of water content in soil should be conducted.The beneficial elements(K,Ca,Fe and Mn)and harmful elements(Cr,Ni,Zn,Pb and Cu)in soil samples with different water contents were analyzed using portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(PXRF).The influence of water content on determination results was discussed.The results were compared to those obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).It was found that PXRF had different sensitivities to different elements.For the elements with high content in soil sample such as K,Ca,Fe and Mn,the measured results of elemental content by PXRF decreased with the increase of water content in soil.Moreover,the water content showed significant influence on the measured results by PXRF.When the water content was not higher than 0,0.20,0.10 and 0.10 mL/g,there was no significant difference between the analysis results by PXRF and ICP-AES,respectively.For the elements with relatively low content in soil such as Cr,Ni,Zn,Pb and Cu,the analysis results of PXRF was slightly affected by the water content.The analysis results firstly decreased and then were almost changeless with increasing water content in soil.When the water content was not higher than 0.20,0 and 0.10 mL/g,the analysis results of Cr,Zn and Pb had no significant difference between PXRF and ICP-AES,respectively.For Cu,all ICP-AES results were much higher than PXRF results.When the water content was in range of 0-0.10 mL/g,there was no significant difference for analysis results by PXRF.After that,the analysis results greatly decreased,but the influence of water content was not significant any more.The PXRF results of Ni were basically not affected by the water content.But they were much higher than the ICP-AES results when the water content was in range of 0-0.15 mL/g.Therefore,the water conditions in soil should be considered during the rapid determination of heavy metals in soil by PXRF in the field.
The portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(PXRF)is one of methods for the determination of elemental content in soil.However,the determination results can be affected by the water content in soil.Therefore,the empirical study about the influence of water content in soil should be conducted.The beneficial elements(K,Ca,Fe and Mn)and harmful elements(Cr,Ni,Zn,Pb and Cu)in soil samples with different water contents were analyzed using portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(PXRF).The influence of water content on determination results was discussed.The results were compared to those obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).It was found that PXRF had different sensitivities to different elements.For the elements with high content in soil sample such as K,Ca,Fe and Mn,the measured results of elemental content by PXRF decreased with the increase of water content in soil.Moreover,the water content showed significant influence on the measured results by PXRF.When the water content was not higher than 0,0.20,0.10 and 0.10 mL/g,there was no significant difference between the analysis results by PXRF and ICP-AES,respectively.For the elements with relatively low content in soil such as Cr,Ni,Zn,Pb and Cu,the analysis results of PXRF was slightly affected by the water content.The analysis results firstly decreased and then were almost changeless with increasing water content in soil.When the water content was not higher than 0.20,0 and 0.10 mL/g,the analysis results of Cr,Zn and Pb had no significant difference between PXRF and ICP-AES,respectively.For Cu,all ICP-AES results were much higher than PXRF results.When the water content was in range of 0-0.10 mL/g,there was no significant difference for analysis results by PXRF.After that,the analysis results greatly decreased,but the influence of water content was not significant any more.The PXRF results of Ni were basically not affected by the water content.But they were much higher than the ICP-AES results when the water content was in range of 0-0.15 mL/g.Therefore,the water conditions in soil should be considered during the rapid determination of heavy metals in soil by PXRF in the field.
引文
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[11]邝荣禧,胡文友,何跃,等.便携式X射线荧光光谱法(PXRF)在矿区农田土壤重金属快速检测中的应用研究[J].土壤,2015,47(3):589-595.KUANG Rong-xi,HU Wen-you,HE Yue,et al.Application of portable X-ray fluorescence(PXRF)for rapid analysis of heavy metals in agricultural soils around mining area[J].Soils,2015,47(3):589-595.
[12]杨桂兰,商照聪,李良君,等.便携式X射线荧光光谱法在土壤重金属快速检测中的应用[J].应用化工,2016,45(8):1586-1591.YANG Gui-lan,SHANG Zhao-cong,LI Liang-jun,et al.Application of portable-XRF spectrometry for rapid determination of common heavy metals in soil[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2016,45(8):1586-1591.
[13]陆安详,王纪华,潘立刚,等.便携式X射线荧光光谱测定土壤中Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb和As的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(10):2848-2852.LU An-xiang,WANG Ji-hua,PAN Li-gang,et al.Determination of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb and As in soil by field portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2010,30(10):2848-2852.
[14]王立前,向峰.便携式X荧光光谱仪的实测比对与应用[J].环境科学导刊,2012,31(5):97-101.WANG Li-qian,XIANG Feng.Testing,comparison and application of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer[J].Environmental Science Survey,2012,31(5):97-101.
[15]陈渊,张洁,庄园.便携式X射线荧光光谱仪快速测定土壤中多种金属元素[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(3):121-123.CHEN Yuan,ZHANG Jie,ZHUANG Yuan.Measurement of various mental elements in soil sample by portable Xray fluorescence spectrometry[J].Environmental Science and Management,2013,38(3):121-123.
[2]王玉军,欧名豪.徐州农田土壤养分和重金属含量与分布研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1438-1450.WANG Yu-jun,OU Ming-hao.Contents and distribution of soil nutrients and heavy metal elements in farmlands of Xuzhou[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(6):1438-1450.
[3]周建军,周桔,冯仁国.我国土壤重金属污染现状及治理战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(3):315-320.ZHOU Jian-jun,ZHOU Ju,FENG Ren-guo.Status of China′s heavy metal contamination in soil and its remediation strategy[J].Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014,29(3):315-320.
[4]冉景,王德建,王灿,等.便携式X射线荧光光谱法与原子吸收/原子荧光法测定土壤重金属的对比研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(11):3113-3118.RAN Jing,WANG De-jian,WANG Can,et al.Comparison of soil heavy metals determined by AAS/AFS and portable X-ray fluorescence analysis[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2014,34(11):3113-3118.
[5]董天宇,王海江,John A Yunger,等.便携式X射线荧光光谱仪实验室异位检测法的实用性研究[J].土壤,2017,49(4):853-857.DONG Tian-yu,WANG Hai-jiang,John A Yunger,et al.Practicality validation of portable X-ray fluorescence for ex-situ measuring soil heavy metals in laboratory[J].Soils,2017,49(4):853-857.
[6]王本伟,胡文友,黄标,等.便携式X荧光光谱(PXRF)测定法在农田土壤重金属分析中的应用[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2012,31(5):522-526.WANG Ben-wei,HU Wen-you,HUANG Biao,et al.Application of portable X fluorescence spectrometry(PXRF)in analysis of heavy metals in farmland soil[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2012,31(5):522-526.
[7]李强,张学华.手持式X射线荧光光谱仪测定富钴结壳样品中锰铁钴镍铜锌[J].岩矿测试,2013,32(5):724-728.LI Qiang,ZHANG Xue-hua.Determination of Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu and Zn in cobalt-rich crusts by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2013,32(5):724-728.
[8]蒋晓光,周蕾,褚宁,等.X射线荧光光谱分析硫化铜矿及其精矿的进展[J].冶金分析,2017,37(7):23-30.JIANG Xiao-guang,ZHOU Lei,CHU Ning,et al.Progress on X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis of copper sulfide ore and its concentrare[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2017,37(7):23-30.
[9]刘燕德,万常斓,孙旭东,等.X射线荧光光谱技术在重金属检测中的应用[J].激光与红外,2011,41(6):605-609.LIU Yan-de,WAN Chang-lan,SUN Xu-dong,et al.Application of X-ray fluorescence spectrometer technique in detection of heavy metal[J].Laser&Infrared,2011,41(6):605-609.
[10]夏庆霖,成秋明,陆建培,等.便携式X射线荧光光谱技术在泥河铁矿岩心矿化蚀变信息识别中的应用[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2011,36(2):337-340.XIA Qing-lin,CHENG Qiu-ming,LU Jian-pei,et al.Application of portable XRF technology to identification of mineralization and alteration along drill in the nihe iron deposit[J].Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(2):337-340.
[11]邝荣禧,胡文友,何跃,等.便携式X射线荧光光谱法(PXRF)在矿区农田土壤重金属快速检测中的应用研究[J].土壤,2015,47(3):589-595.KUANG Rong-xi,HU Wen-you,HE Yue,et al.Application of portable X-ray fluorescence(PXRF)for rapid analysis of heavy metals in agricultural soils around mining area[J].Soils,2015,47(3):589-595.
[12]杨桂兰,商照聪,李良君,等.便携式X射线荧光光谱法在土壤重金属快速检测中的应用[J].应用化工,2016,45(8):1586-1591.YANG Gui-lan,SHANG Zhao-cong,LI Liang-jun,et al.Application of portable-XRF spectrometry for rapid determination of common heavy metals in soil[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2016,45(8):1586-1591.
[13]陆安详,王纪华,潘立刚,等.便携式X射线荧光光谱测定土壤中Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb和As的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(10):2848-2852.LU An-xiang,WANG Ji-hua,PAN Li-gang,et al.Determination of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb and As in soil by field portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2010,30(10):2848-2852.
[14]王立前,向峰.便携式X荧光光谱仪的实测比对与应用[J].环境科学导刊,2012,31(5):97-101.WANG Li-qian,XIANG Feng.Testing,comparison and application of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer[J].Environmental Science Survey,2012,31(5):97-101.
[15]陈渊,张洁,庄园.便携式X射线荧光光谱仪快速测定土壤中多种金属元素[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(3):121-123.CHEN Yuan,ZHANG Jie,ZHUANG Yuan.Measurement of various mental elements in soil sample by portable Xray fluorescence spectrometry[J].Environmental Science and Management,2013,38(3):121-123.