GNSS-R海面目标成像仿真方法研究
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摘要
结合物理光学法及传统复合电磁散射计算模型中的"四路径"方法,以GNSS信号为信号源,提出了一种基于高频散射理论的GNSS-SAR成像模型,建模过程考虑了多路径散射、遮蔽、漫散射等效应,较好地描述了电磁散射效应对海面场景GNSS-SAR成像的影响。根据电磁散射效应,分析了海面风速对成像效果产生的干扰情况,发现在本文仿真场景下,9 m/s风速海背景下的目标能够被识别出来,17 m/s风速海背景下的目标几乎淹没在海杂波中。
Based on scattering theory in high-frequency,this paper presents a new GNSS-SAR imaging model.The model takes GNSS signal as sources,describes the influence of electromagnetic scattering on GNSS-SAR imaging on sea surface,with the combination of physical optic methods and four-path method,which has been used in some traditional composite models on electromagnetic scattering calculation.Besides,the effects of multi-path scattering,shadowing,and diffuse scattering are also considered.According to electromagnetic scattering theory,we have analyzed the disturbance of wind speed on sea surface.In conclusion,in the scenario we simulated in paper,the target can be recognized if wind speed is 9 m/s,but when wind speed comes to 17 m/s,the recognition will fail.
Based on scattering theory in high-frequency,this paper presents a new GNSS-SAR imaging model.The model takes GNSS signal as sources,describes the influence of electromagnetic scattering on GNSS-SAR imaging on sea surface,with the combination of physical optic methods and four-path method,which has been used in some traditional composite models on electromagnetic scattering calculation.Besides,the effects of multi-path scattering,shadowing,and diffuse scattering are also considered.According to electromagnetic scattering theory,we have analyzed the disturbance of wind speed on sea surface.In conclusion,in the scenario we simulated in paper,the target can be recognized if wind speed is 9 m/s,but when wind speed comes to 17 m/s,the recognition will fail.
引文
[1]金双根,张勤耘,钱晓东.全球导航卫星系统反射测量(GNSS+R)最新进展与应用前景[J].测绘学报,2017,46(10):1389-1398.
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[8]LUO W,ZHANG M,ZHAO Y W,et al.An efficient hybrid high-frequency solution for the composite scattering of the ship on very large two-dimensional sea surface[J].Progress in Electromagnetics Research,2009,8:79-89.
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[10]万玮,李黄,洪阳.作为外辐射源雷达的GNSS-R遥感多极化问题[J].雷达学报,2014,3(6):641-651.
[11]杨磊,朱云龙,杨东凯.GNSS-R信号的海面SAR成像应用[J].导航定位学报,2017,5(3):94-100.
[12]ARRIDO E J.Graphical user interface for a physical optics radar cross section prediction code[D].Monterey:Naval Postgraduate School,2000.
[13]WADDELL J M.Scattering from rough plates[D].Monterey:Naval Postgraduate School,1995.
[14]满明远.粗糙海面与目标复合电磁散射相关算法的研究与优化[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2014.
[15]WANG Y,XU X.Multipath EM scattering modeling of targets on deck[C]∥International Conference on Radar.[S.l.]:IEEE,2007:1-4.
[16]周晓敏,郑南山,祁云,等.利用GPS-R遥感技术反演植被生物量[J].测绘通报,2018(1):129-132.
[17]SANTI F,ANTONIOU M,PASTINA D.Point spread function analysis for GNSS-based multistatic SAR[J].IEEE Geoscience&Remote Sensing Letters,2015,12(2):304-308.
[18]PIERSON W J,MOSKOWITZ L.A proposed spectral form for fully developed wind seas based on the similarity theory of S.A.Kitaigorodskii[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1964,69(24):5181-5190.
[2]ZHOU H,ANTONIOU M,ZENG Z F,et al.Pre-processing for time domain image formation in SS-BSAR system[J].Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics,2012,23(6):875-880.
[3]FAN X Z,LIU F F,ZHANG T,et al.Passive SARwith GNSS transmitters:latest results and research progress[C]∥Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.[S.l.]:IEEE,2017:1043-1046.
[4]ANTONIOU M,CHEMIAKOV M.GNSS-based bistatic SAR:a signal processing view[J].Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing,2013(1):98.
[5]PIERALICE F,SANTI F,PASTINA D,et al.GNSS-based passive radar for maritime surveillance:long integration time MTI technique[C]∥Radar Conference.[S.l.]:IEEE,2017.
[6]MA H,ANTONIOU M,CHEMIAKOV M,et al.Maritime target detection using GNSS-based radar:experimental proof of concept[C]∥Radar Conference.[S.l.]:IEEE,2017.
[7]杨东凯,张其善.GNSS反射信号处理基础与实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012.
[8]LUO W,ZHANG M,ZHAO Y W,et al.An efficient hybrid high-frequency solution for the composite scattering of the ship on very large two-dimensional sea surface[J].Progress in Electromagnetics Research,2009,8:79-89.
[9]吴学睿,李颖.GNSS-R陆面遥感中反射信号的极化特性研究[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(8):895-900.
[10]万玮,李黄,洪阳.作为外辐射源雷达的GNSS-R遥感多极化问题[J].雷达学报,2014,3(6):641-651.
[11]杨磊,朱云龙,杨东凯.GNSS-R信号的海面SAR成像应用[J].导航定位学报,2017,5(3):94-100.
[12]ARRIDO E J.Graphical user interface for a physical optics radar cross section prediction code[D].Monterey:Naval Postgraduate School,2000.
[13]WADDELL J M.Scattering from rough plates[D].Monterey:Naval Postgraduate School,1995.
[14]满明远.粗糙海面与目标复合电磁散射相关算法的研究与优化[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2014.
[15]WANG Y,XU X.Multipath EM scattering modeling of targets on deck[C]∥International Conference on Radar.[S.l.]:IEEE,2007:1-4.
[16]周晓敏,郑南山,祁云,等.利用GPS-R遥感技术反演植被生物量[J].测绘通报,2018(1):129-132.
[17]SANTI F,ANTONIOU M,PASTINA D.Point spread function analysis for GNSS-based multistatic SAR[J].IEEE Geoscience&Remote Sensing Letters,2015,12(2):304-308.
[18]PIERSON W J,MOSKOWITZ L.A proposed spectral form for fully developed wind seas based on the similarity theory of S.A.Kitaigorodskii[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1964,69(24):5181-5190.