全球价值链视角下中美参与国际分工分析
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摘要
文章利用WTO-OECD联合发布的2016版连续15年(2000-2014)的WIOT数据,运用WWZ等的16部分增加值贸易分解法将中美两国的制造业出口贸易额进行全球价值链分解,通过垂直专业化率(前向与后向)指标、GVC指数(参与和地位)指标,从整体与行业两个层面来剖析中美两国制造业融入全球价值链的程度与方式、所处地位和贸易收益等情况。分析结果显示:2000-2014年中美两国制造业的出口总值均明显高于出口所含的国内增加值,并且二者之间的差额在增加。中国制造业出口获利能力不及美国。中美两国制造业参与全球价值链的方式不同,中国是后向,美国是前向。2000-2014年,中国制造业整体在GVC中地位较低处于下游位置,但却表现出向中上游攀升的趋势。2014年中国在低技术和中低技术制造业的GVC地位较高,而在中高技术和高技术制造业的GVC地位较低,美国的情况则与此相反。
The paper uses the WIOT data of 2016 edition for 15 consecutive years(2000-2014) which were jointly issued byWTO and OECD. By using part 16 of the value added trade decomposition method of WWZ,the paper makes China and theUnited States' manufacturing export trade to have a global value chain decomposition. And through VS1 and VS(the rate ofvertical specialization index) and GVC participation and status index,the paper analyzes the degree and the way,the positionand the trade income of the two levels of the manufacturing industry and the whole industry into the global value chain. Theanalysis results show that: From 2000 to 2014,China and the United States manufacturing exports are significantly higherthan the domestic added value of exports,and the difference between the two increases. China's manufacturing export earn-ings ability is weaker than that of the United states. China and the United States' manufacturing industry participating in theglobal value chain are in different ways,China is backward,whereas the United States is forward. From 2000 to 2014,Chi-na's manufacturing industry as a whole in the GVC position is lower in the downstream position,but it shows the trend of ris-ing to the middle and upper reaches. In 2014,China's GVC status in low technology and middle-low technology manufactur-ing industry is higher,while the status of GVC is lower in middle-high technology and high technology manufacturing indus-try,the United States is in the opposite situation.
The paper uses the WIOT data of 2016 edition for 15 consecutive years(2000-2014) which were jointly issued byWTO and OECD. By using part 16 of the value added trade decomposition method of WWZ,the paper makes China and theUnited States' manufacturing export trade to have a global value chain decomposition. And through VS1 and VS(the rate ofvertical specialization index) and GVC participation and status index,the paper analyzes the degree and the way,the positionand the trade income of the two levels of the manufacturing industry and the whole industry into the global value chain. Theanalysis results show that: From 2000 to 2014,China and the United States manufacturing exports are significantly higherthan the domestic added value of exports,and the difference between the two increases. China's manufacturing export earn-ings ability is weaker than that of the United states. China and the United States' manufacturing industry participating in theglobal value chain are in different ways,China is backward,whereas the United States is forward. From 2000 to 2014,Chi-na's manufacturing industry as a whole in the GVC position is lower in the downstream position,but it shows the trend of ris-ing to the middle and upper reaches. In 2014,China's GVC status in low technology and middle-low technology manufactur-ing industry is higher,while the status of GVC is lower in middle-high technology and high technology manufacturing indus-try,the United States is in the opposite situation.
引文
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[12]王直,魏尚进,祝坤福.总贸易核算法:官方贸易统计与全球价值链的度量[J].中国社会科学,2015(9):108-127.
[13]尹伟华.中日制造业参与全球价值链分工模式及地位分析——基于世界投入产出表[J].经济理论与经济管理,2016(5):100-111.
[14]ANTRàS POL,CHOR DAVIN,FALLY THIBAULT,et al.Measuring the Up streamness of Production and TradeFlows[J].American Economic Review,2012,102(3):412-416.
[15]ANTRàS POL,CHOR DAVIN.Organizing the Global Val-ue Chain[J].Econometrica,2013,81(6):2127-2204.
[16]苏庆义,高凌云.全球价值链分工位置及其演进规律[J].统计研究,2015(12):38-45.
[17]ROBERT KOOPMAN,ZHI WANG,SHANG-JIN WEI.Es-timating Domestic Content in Exports When ProcessingTrade is Pervasive[J].Journal of Development Econom-ics,2011,30(12):4-16.
[18]ROBERT KOOPMAN,WILLIAM POWERS,ZHI WANG,et al.Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in GrossExports[R].NBER Working Paper,No18579,2012.
[2]刘志彪,刘晓昶.垂直专业化:经济全球化中的贸易和生产模式[J].经济理论与经济管理,2001(10):5-10.
[3]北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口贸易中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].世界经济,2006(5):3-11.
[4]张海燕.基于附加值贸易测算法对中国出口地位的重新分析[J].国际贸易问题,2013(4):65-75.
[5]ROBERT KOOPMAN,WILLIAM POWERS,ZHI WANG,et al.How Much OF Chinese Exports is Really Made in Chi-na?Assessing Domestic Value-Added When ProcessingTrade is Pervasive[R].NBER Working Paper,No14109,2008.
[6]ROBERT KOOPMAN,WILLIAM POWERS,ZHI WANG,etal.Give Credit to Where Credit is Due:Tracing ValueAdded in Global Production Chains[R].NBER WorkingPaper,No16426,2010.
[7]王岚.融入全球价值链对中国制造业国际分工地位的影响[J].统计研究,2014(5):17-23.
[8]周升起,兰珍先,付华.中国制造业在全球价值链国际分工地位再考察——基于Koopman等的“GVC地位指数”[J].国际贸易问题,2014(2):3-12.
[9]岑丽君.中国在全球生产网络中的分工与贸易地位——基于Ti VA数据与GVC指数的研究[J].国际贸易问题,2015(1):3-12.
[10]尚涛.全球价值链与我国制造业国际分工地位研究——基于增加值贸易与Koopman分工地位指数的比较分析[J].经济学家,2015(4):91-100.
[11]ZHI WANG,SHANG-JIN WEI,AND KUNFU ZHU.Quan-tifying International Production Sharing at the Bilateraland Sector Levels[D].NBER Working Paper,No19677,2013.
[12]王直,魏尚进,祝坤福.总贸易核算法:官方贸易统计与全球价值链的度量[J].中国社会科学,2015(9):108-127.
[13]尹伟华.中日制造业参与全球价值链分工模式及地位分析——基于世界投入产出表[J].经济理论与经济管理,2016(5):100-111.
[14]ANTRàS POL,CHOR DAVIN,FALLY THIBAULT,et al.Measuring the Up streamness of Production and TradeFlows[J].American Economic Review,2012,102(3):412-416.
[15]ANTRàS POL,CHOR DAVIN.Organizing the Global Val-ue Chain[J].Econometrica,2013,81(6):2127-2204.
[16]苏庆义,高凌云.全球价值链分工位置及其演进规律[J].统计研究,2015(12):38-45.
[17]ROBERT KOOPMAN,ZHI WANG,SHANG-JIN WEI.Es-timating Domestic Content in Exports When ProcessingTrade is Pervasive[J].Journal of Development Econom-ics,2011,30(12):4-16.
[18]ROBERT KOOPMAN,WILLIAM POWERS,ZHI WANG,et al.Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in GrossExports[R].NBER Working Paper,No18579,2012.