青海省双翅目虻科昆虫研究
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摘要
目的调查青海省虻科昆虫的种类、分布及活动规律,为青海地区防治虻害提供科学依据。方法 2014-2015年采用网捕法、诱虻器诱捕法、畜诱法和人帐诱捕法,在青海省各虻科地理分布区采集虻,并收集相关文献。结果共捕获双翅目虻科5属31种,其中瘤虻属种类最多,占捕获总数的54.84%(17/31),斑虻属和虻属次之,各占12.90%(4/31)。青南高原分布种类较多,有斑虻、麻虻、瘤虻和虻属;黄虻和瘤虻属主要分布于北部山地,骚扰黄虻是该地区的优势种;瘤虻和黄虻属主要分布于柴达木盆地,其中寨氏瘤虻为优势种。格尔木地区寨氏瘤虻在6-9月活动,7月为全年活动高峰期;每日09:00-20:00均见有虻活动,全天活动高峰期在15:00-18:00,最高峰出现在17:00左右。结论虻科昆虫在青海省的分布广泛,种类较多,优势种寨氏瘤虻以夏季7月为活动高峰期。
ObjectiveTo investigate the species, geographical distribution and activity of Diptera, Tabanidae of Qinghaiprovince, China, and provide scientific basis for Qinghai province to control the harm of the Tabanidae.Methods Capturing with nets, trapping tent luring with person or livestock and device were used to collect Tabanidae, with relatedreferences collected in 2014-2015.ResultsIn total 31 species of 5 genera of Tabanidae were obtained. The percentageswere Chrysops and Tabanus 12.90%(4/31), Hybomitra 54.84%(17/31). Geographical distribution for most of theseinsects, especially of Chrysops, Haematopota, Hybomitra and Tabanus were in the south of Qinghai plateau; Atylotus andHybomitra were found in the southern mountainous where Atylous misers were predominant species; Hybomitra and Atylotus were collected in the Qaidam Basin where H. zaitzevi were predominant species. Ecological habit H. zaitzevi Olsufjev ofGeermu showed activities from June to September, peak in July. They usually fly from 09:00 to 20:00. The peak oftheir activities was during 15:00-18:00 and reached the maximum in about 17:00 every single day.Conclusion There are relatively abundant species of Tabanidae in Qinghai and they are widely distributed in the province, H. zaitzevi ispredominant species, the activity peak of it is in July.
ObjectiveTo investigate the species, geographical distribution and activity of Diptera, Tabanidae of Qinghaiprovince, China, and provide scientific basis for Qinghai province to control the harm of the Tabanidae.Methods Capturing with nets, trapping tent luring with person or livestock and device were used to collect Tabanidae, with relatedreferences collected in 2014-2015.ResultsIn total 31 species of 5 genera of Tabanidae were obtained. The percentageswere Chrysops and Tabanus 12.90%(4/31), Hybomitra 54.84%(17/31). Geographical distribution for most of theseinsects, especially of Chrysops, Haematopota, Hybomitra and Tabanus were in the south of Qinghai plateau; Atylotus andHybomitra were found in the southern mountainous where Atylous misers were predominant species; Hybomitra and Atylotus were collected in the Qaidam Basin where H. zaitzevi were predominant species. Ecological habit H. zaitzevi Olsufjev ofGeermu showed activities from June to September, peak in July. They usually fly from 09:00 to 20:00. The peak oftheir activities was during 15:00-18:00 and reached the maximum in about 17:00 every single day.Conclusion There are relatively abundant species of Tabanidae in Qinghai and they are widely distributed in the province, H. zaitzevi ispredominant species, the activity peak of it is in July.
引文
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[4]施新泉,靳云麒.青海省湟源县虻的初步调查[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1983(4):22-24.
[5]刘增加,石淑珍,杨银书,等.西北高原重要吸血昆虫的物候学研究及防治对策[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2004,10(2):83-87.
[6]刘增加,宫占威,石淑珍,等.青藏铁路格尔木至唐古拉山段的重要吸血双翅目昆虫的分布与活动规律[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2007,14(4):218-224.
[7]陆宝麟,吴厚永.中国重要医学昆虫分类与鉴别[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2003:330-374.
[8]陆宝麟.中国重要医学动物鉴定手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982:237-241.
[9]刘增加.中国西北地区病媒生物物种名录[M].北京:军事医学科学出版社,2011:34-44.
[10]石淑珍,刘增加,张继军,等.青海省重要医学昆虫区系分布[J].四川动物,2005,24(4):546-548.
[11]刘增加,李邦川.甘肃虻科昆虫危害与防治[J].医学动物防制,2001,17(5):238-241.
[2]靳云麒.青海虻科(Tanbanidae)新纪录[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1991(8):24.
[3]王遵明.青海省虻科一新种及二种雄虻记述(双翅目:虻科)[J].昆虫学报,1989,32(1):101-104.
[4]施新泉,靳云麒.青海省湟源县虻的初步调查[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1983(4):22-24.
[5]刘增加,石淑珍,杨银书,等.西北高原重要吸血昆虫的物候学研究及防治对策[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2004,10(2):83-87.
[6]刘增加,宫占威,石淑珍,等.青藏铁路格尔木至唐古拉山段的重要吸血双翅目昆虫的分布与活动规律[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2007,14(4):218-224.
[7]陆宝麟,吴厚永.中国重要医学昆虫分类与鉴别[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2003:330-374.
[8]陆宝麟.中国重要医学动物鉴定手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1982:237-241.
[9]刘增加.中国西北地区病媒生物物种名录[M].北京:军事医学科学出版社,2011:34-44.
[10]石淑珍,刘增加,张继军,等.青海省重要医学昆虫区系分布[J].四川动物,2005,24(4):546-548.
[11]刘增加,李邦川.甘肃虻科昆虫危害与防治[J].医学动物防制,2001,17(5):238-241.