Woody species Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings tolerance to Pb:Physiological and biochemical response
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摘要
Screening potential plant species is a crucial consideration in phytoremediation technology.Our previous study demonstrated that Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings had potentials for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. However, its bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics remain unclear. Seedling growth, LMWOAs secreted by roots, Pb subcellular distribution and chemical forms, and mineral elements in R. chinensis tissues were evaluated under different Pb concentrations(0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) in culture solution at14 days after planting. R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity under lower Pb treatments; however, Pb significantly declined the growth of seedlings under higher Pb treatments. Higher Pb stress also decreased the concentrations of nitrogen in leaves, but increased the concentrations of P and K in roots. Pb stress also decreased Mn concentrations in leaves. A great quantity of Pb was uptake and mostly retained in R. chinensis roots.Nonetheless, R. chinensis can still concentrate 459.3 and 1102.7 mg/kg Pb in leaves and stems,respectively. Most of Pb in R. chinensis tissues was stored in the cell wall with HAc-, HCl-, and NaC l-extractable form. LMWOAs secreted by R. chinensis roots showed a strong positive correlation with Pb concentrations in all plant tissues and with P in roots. Our results suggested that Pb deposited in the cell wall and integration with phosphate or oxalate might be responsible for the tolerance of R. chinensis under Pb stress in short period.
Screening potential plant species is a crucial consideration in phytoremediation technology.Our previous study demonstrated that Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings had potentials for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. However, its bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics remain unclear. Seedling growth, LMWOAs secreted by roots, Pb subcellular distribution and chemical forms, and mineral elements in R. chinensis tissues were evaluated under different Pb concentrations(0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) in culture solution at14 days after planting. R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity under lower Pb treatments; however, Pb significantly declined the growth of seedlings under higher Pb treatments. Higher Pb stress also decreased the concentrations of nitrogen in leaves, but increased the concentrations of P and K in roots. Pb stress also decreased Mn concentrations in leaves. A great quantity of Pb was uptake and mostly retained in R. chinensis roots.Nonetheless, R. chinensis can still concentrate 459.3 and 1102.7 mg/kg Pb in leaves and stems,respectively. Most of Pb in R. chinensis tissues was stored in the cell wall with HAc-, HCl-, and NaC l-extractable form. LMWOAs secreted by R. chinensis roots showed a strong positive correlation with Pb concentrations in all plant tissues and with P in roots. Our results suggested that Pb deposited in the cell wall and integration with phosphate or oxalate might be responsible for the tolerance of R. chinensis under Pb stress in short period.
Screening potential plant species is a crucial consideration in phytoremediation technology.Our previous study demonstrated that Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings had potentials for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. However, its bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics remain unclear. Seedling growth, LMWOAs secreted by roots, Pb subcellular distribution and chemical forms, and mineral elements in R. chinensis tissues were evaluated under different Pb concentrations(0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) in culture solution at14 days after planting. R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity under lower Pb treatments; however, Pb significantly declined the growth of seedlings under higher Pb treatments. Higher Pb stress also decreased the concentrations of nitrogen in leaves, but increased the concentrations of P and K in roots. Pb stress also decreased Mn concentrations in leaves. A great quantity of Pb was uptake and mostly retained in R. chinensis roots.Nonetheless, R. chinensis can still concentrate 459.3 and 1102.7 mg/kg Pb in leaves and stems,respectively. Most of Pb in R. chinensis tissues was stored in the cell wall with HAc-, HCl-, and NaC l-extractable form. LMWOAs secreted by R. chinensis roots showed a strong positive correlation with Pb concentrations in all plant tissues and with P in roots. Our results suggested that Pb deposited in the cell wall and integration with phosphate or oxalate might be responsible for the tolerance of R. chinensis under Pb stress in short period.
引文
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Deng,H.,Ye,Z.H.,Wong,M.H.,2004.Accumulation of lead,zinc,copper and cadmium by 12 wetland plant species thriving in metal-contaminated sites in China.Environ.Pollut.132,29-40.
di Toppi,L.S.,Gabbrielli,R.,1999.Response to cadmium in higher plants.Environ.Exp.Bot.41,105-130.
Dresler,S.,Hanaka,A.,Bednarek,W.,Maksymiec,W.,2014.Accumulation of low-molecular-weight organic acids in roots and leaf segments of Zea mays plants treated with cadmium and copper.Acta Physiol.Plant.36,1565-1575.
Gupta,D.K.,Huang,H.G.,Corpas,F.J.,2013.Lead tolerance in plants:strategies for phytoremediation.Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.20,2150-2161.
Han,Y.L.,Zhang,L.L.,Yang,Y.H.,Yuan,H.Y.,Zhao,J.Z.,Gu,J.G.,et al.,2016.Pb uptake and toxicity to Iris halophila tested on Pb mine tailing materials.Environ.Pollut.214,510-516.
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Hettiarachchi,G.M.,Pierzynski,G.M.,2010.Soil lead bioavailability and in situ remediation of lead-contaminated soils:a review.Environ.Prog.Sustain.Energy 23,78-93.
Houben,D.,Evrard,L.,Sonnet,P.,2013.Beneficial effects of biochar application to contaminated soils on the bioavailability of Cd,Pb and Zn and the biomass production of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Biomass Bioenergy 57,196-204.
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Jiang,G.,Liu,Y.,Huang,L.,Fu,Q.,Deng,Y.,Hu,H.,2012.Mechanism of lead immobilization by oxalic acid-activated phosphate rocks.J.Environ.Sci.24,919-925.
Khan,I.,Iqbal,M.,Ashraf,M.Y.,Ashraf,M.A.,Ali,S.,2016.Organic chelants-mediated enhanced lead(Pb)uptake and accumulation is associated with higher activity of enzymatic antioxidants in spinach(Spinacea oleracea L.).J.Hazard.Mater.317,352-361.
Kim,J.O.,Lee,Y.W.,Chung,J.,2013.The role of organic acids in the mobilization of heavy metals from soil.KSCE J.Civ.Eng.17,1596-1602.
Kopittke,P.M.,Asher,C.J.,Blamey,F.P.C.,Auchterlonie,G.J.,Guo,Y.N.,Menzies,N.W.,2008.Localization and chemical speciation of Pb in roots of signal grass(Brachiaria decumbens)and Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana).Environ.Sci.Technol.42,4595-4599.
Li,Y.,Zhou,C.F.,Huang,M.Y.,Luo,J.W.,Hou,X.L.,Wu,P.F.,et al.,2016.Lead tolerance mechanism in Conyza canadensis:subcellular distribution,ultrastructure,antioxidative defense system,and phytochelatins.J.Plant Res.129,251-262.
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Mahdavian,K.,Ghaderian,S.M.,Schat,H.,2016.Pb accumulation,Pb tolerance,antioxidants,thiols,and organic acids in metallicolous and non-metallicolous Peganum harmala L.under Pb exposure.Environ.Exp.Bot.126,21-31.
Malar,S.,Manikandan,R.,Favas,P.J.C.,Sahi,S.V.,Venkatachalam,P.,2014a.Effect of lead on phytotoxicity,growth,biochemical alterations and its role on genomic template stability in Sesbania grandiflora:a potential plant for phytoremediation.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.108,249-257.
Malar,S.,Vikram,S.S.,Favas,P.J.,Perumal,V.,2014b.Lead heavy metal toxicity induced changes on growth and antioxidative enzymes level in water hyacinths[Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)].Bot.Stud.55,54.
Mendez,M.O.,Maier,R.M.,2008.Phytostabilization of mine tailings in arid and semiarid environments-an emerging remediation technology.Environ.Health Perspect.116,278-283.
Metwally,A.,Safronova,V.I.,Belimov,A.A.,Dietz,K.J.,2005.Genotypic variation of the response to cadmium toxicity in Pisum sativum L.J.Exp.Bot.56,167-178.
Mwamba,T.M.,Li,L.,Gill,R.A.,Islam,F.,Nawaz,A.,Ali,B.,et al.,2016.Differential subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium and copper in Brassica napus.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.134,239-249.
Parra,A.,Zornoza,R.,Conesa,E.,Gómez-López,M.D.,Faz,A.,2014.Seedling emergence,growth and trace elements tolerance and accumulation by Lamiaceae species in a mine soil.Chemosphere 113,132-140.
Pottier,M.,de La Torre,V.S.G.,Victor,C.,David,L.C.,Chalot,M.,Thomine,S.,2015.Genotypic variations in the dynamics of metal concentrations in poplar leaves:a field study with a perspective on phytoremediation.Environ.Pollut.199,73-82.
Pulford,I.D.,Watson,C.,2004.Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated land by trees-a review.Environ.Int.29,529-540.
Qiao,X.Q.,Zheng,Z.Z.,Zhang,L.F.,Wang,J.H.,Shi,G.X.,Xu,X.Y.,2015.Lead tolerance mechanism in sterilized seedlings of Potamogeton crispus L.:subcellular distribution,polyamines and proline.Chemosphere 120,179-187.
Roosta,H.R.,Estaji,A.,Niknam,F.,2018.Effect of iron,zinc and manganese shortage-induced change on photosynthetic pigments,some osmoregulators and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in lettuce.Photosynthetica 56,606-615.
Shakoor,M.B.,Ali,S.,Hameed,A.,Farid,M.,Hussain,S.,Yasmeen,T.,et al.,2014.Citric acid improves lead(Pb)phytoextraction in Brassica napus L.by mitigating Pb-induced morphological and biochemical damages.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.109,38-47.
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Bhargava,A.,Carmona,F.F.,Bhargava,M.,Srivastava,S.,2012.Approaches for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals.J.Environ.Manag.105,103-120.
Bovenkamp,G.L.,Prange,A.,Schumacher,W.,Ham,K.,Smith,A.P.,Hormes,J.,2013.Lead uptake in diverse plant families:a study applying X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy.Environ.Sci.Technol.47,4375-4382.
Brunner,I.,Luster,J.,Günthardt-Goerg,M.S.,Frey,B.,2008.Heavy metal accumulation and phytostabilisation potential of tree fine roots in a contaminated soil.Environ.Pollut.152,559-568.
Chen,J.R.,Shafi,M.,Wang,Y.,Wu,J.S.,Ye,Z.Q.,Liu,C.,et al.,2016.Organic acid compounds in root exudation of Moso Bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)and its bioactivity as affected by heavy metals.Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.23,20977-20984.
Cheng,S.F.,Huang,C.Y.,Lin,Y.C.,Lin,S.C.,Chen,K.L.,2015.Phytoremediation of lead using corn in contaminated agricultural land-an in situ study and benefit assessment.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.111,72-77.
Chiang,P.N.,Chiu,C.Y.,Wang,M.K.,Chen,B.T.,2011.Lowmolecular-weight organic acids exuded by Millet(Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.)roots and their effect on the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil.Soil Sci.176,33-38.
Dao,L.H.,Beardall,J.,2016.Effects of lead on growth,photosynthetic characteristics and production of reactive oxygen species of two freshwater green algae.Chemosphere 147,420-429.
de Souza,S.C.R.,de Andrade,S.A.L.,de Souza,L.A.,Schiavinato,M.A.,2012.Lead tolerance and phytoremediation potential of Brazilian leguminous tree species at the seedling stage.J.Environ.Manag.110,299-307.
Deng,H.,Ye,Z.H.,Wong,M.H.,2004.Accumulation of lead,zinc,copper and cadmium by 12 wetland plant species thriving in metal-contaminated sites in China.Environ.Pollut.132,29-40.
di Toppi,L.S.,Gabbrielli,R.,1999.Response to cadmium in higher plants.Environ.Exp.Bot.41,105-130.
Dresler,S.,Hanaka,A.,Bednarek,W.,Maksymiec,W.,2014.Accumulation of low-molecular-weight organic acids in roots and leaf segments of Zea mays plants treated with cadmium and copper.Acta Physiol.Plant.36,1565-1575.
Gupta,D.K.,Huang,H.G.,Corpas,F.J.,2013.Lead tolerance in plants:strategies for phytoremediation.Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.20,2150-2161.
Han,Y.L.,Zhang,L.L.,Yang,Y.H.,Yuan,H.Y.,Zhao,J.Z.,Gu,J.G.,et al.,2016.Pb uptake and toxicity to Iris halophila tested on Pb mine tailing materials.Environ.Pollut.214,510-516.
He,J.L.,Qin,J.J.,Long,L.Y.,Ma,Y.L.,Li,H.,Li,K.,et al.,2011.Net cadmium flux and accumulation reveal tissue-specific oxidative stress and detoxification in Populus×canescens.Physiol.Plant.143,50-63.
Hettiarachchi,G.M.,Pierzynski,G.M.,2010.Soil lead bioavailability and in situ remediation of lead-contaminated soils:a review.Environ.Prog.Sustain.Energy 23,78-93.
Houben,D.,Evrard,L.,Sonnet,P.,2013.Beneficial effects of biochar application to contaminated soils on the bioavailability of Cd,Pb and Zn and the biomass production of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Biomass Bioenergy 57,196-204.
Islam,E.,Yang,X.E.,Li,T.Q.,Liu,D.,Jin,X.F.,Meng,F.H.,2007.Effect of Pb toxicity on root morphology,physiology and ultrastructure in the two ecotypes of Elsholtzia argyi.J.Hazard.Mater.147,806-816.
Israr,M.,Jewell,A.,Kumar,D.,Sahi,S.V.,2011.Interactive effects of lead,copper,nickel and zinc on growth,metal uptake and antioxidative metabolism of Sesbania drummondii.J.Hazard.Mater.186,1520-1526.
Jiang,G.,Liu,Y.,Huang,L.,Fu,Q.,Deng,Y.,Hu,H.,2012.Mechanism of lead immobilization by oxalic acid-activated phosphate rocks.J.Environ.Sci.24,919-925.
Khan,I.,Iqbal,M.,Ashraf,M.Y.,Ashraf,M.A.,Ali,S.,2016.Organic chelants-mediated enhanced lead(Pb)uptake and accumulation is associated with higher activity of enzymatic antioxidants in spinach(Spinacea oleracea L.).J.Hazard.Mater.317,352-361.
Kim,J.O.,Lee,Y.W.,Chung,J.,2013.The role of organic acids in the mobilization of heavy metals from soil.KSCE J.Civ.Eng.17,1596-1602.
Kopittke,P.M.,Asher,C.J.,Blamey,F.P.C.,Auchterlonie,G.J.,Guo,Y.N.,Menzies,N.W.,2008.Localization and chemical speciation of Pb in roots of signal grass(Brachiaria decumbens)and Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana).Environ.Sci.Technol.42,4595-4599.
Li,Y.,Zhou,C.F.,Huang,M.Y.,Luo,J.W.,Hou,X.L.,Wu,P.F.,et al.,2016.Lead tolerance mechanism in Conyza canadensis:subcellular distribution,ultrastructure,antioxidative defense system,and phytochelatins.J.Plant Res.129,251-262.
Madejón,P.,Murillo,J.M.,Mara?ón,T.,Cabrera,F.,Soriano,M.A.,2003.Trace element and nutrient accumulation in sunflower plants two years after the Aznalcóllar mine spill.Sci.Total Environ.307,239-257.
Magdziak,Z.,Kozlowska,M.,Kaczmarek,Z.,Mleczek,M.,Chadzinikolau,T.,Drzewiecka,K.,et al.,2011.Influence of Ca/Mg ratio on phytoextraction properties of Salix viminalis.II.Secretion of low molecular weight organic acids to the rhizosphere.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.74,33-40.
Mahdavian,K.,Ghaderian,S.M.,Schat,H.,2016.Pb accumulation,Pb tolerance,antioxidants,thiols,and organic acids in metallicolous and non-metallicolous Peganum harmala L.under Pb exposure.Environ.Exp.Bot.126,21-31.
Malar,S.,Manikandan,R.,Favas,P.J.C.,Sahi,S.V.,Venkatachalam,P.,2014a.Effect of lead on phytotoxicity,growth,biochemical alterations and its role on genomic template stability in Sesbania grandiflora:a potential plant for phytoremediation.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.108,249-257.
Malar,S.,Vikram,S.S.,Favas,P.J.,Perumal,V.,2014b.Lead heavy metal toxicity induced changes on growth and antioxidative enzymes level in water hyacinths[Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)].Bot.Stud.55,54.
Mendez,M.O.,Maier,R.M.,2008.Phytostabilization of mine tailings in arid and semiarid environments-an emerging remediation technology.Environ.Health Perspect.116,278-283.
Metwally,A.,Safronova,V.I.,Belimov,A.A.,Dietz,K.J.,2005.Genotypic variation of the response to cadmium toxicity in Pisum sativum L.J.Exp.Bot.56,167-178.
Mwamba,T.M.,Li,L.,Gill,R.A.,Islam,F.,Nawaz,A.,Ali,B.,et al.,2016.Differential subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium and copper in Brassica napus.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.134,239-249.
Parra,A.,Zornoza,R.,Conesa,E.,Gómez-López,M.D.,Faz,A.,2014.Seedling emergence,growth and trace elements tolerance and accumulation by Lamiaceae species in a mine soil.Chemosphere 113,132-140.
Pottier,M.,de La Torre,V.S.G.,Victor,C.,David,L.C.,Chalot,M.,Thomine,S.,2015.Genotypic variations in the dynamics of metal concentrations in poplar leaves:a field study with a perspective on phytoremediation.Environ.Pollut.199,73-82.
Pulford,I.D.,Watson,C.,2004.Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated land by trees-a review.Environ.Int.29,529-540.
Qiao,X.Q.,Zheng,Z.Z.,Zhang,L.F.,Wang,J.H.,Shi,G.X.,Xu,X.Y.,2015.Lead tolerance mechanism in sterilized seedlings of Potamogeton crispus L.:subcellular distribution,polyamines and proline.Chemosphere 120,179-187.
Roosta,H.R.,Estaji,A.,Niknam,F.,2018.Effect of iron,zinc and manganese shortage-induced change on photosynthetic pigments,some osmoregulators and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in lettuce.Photosynthetica 56,606-615.
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