基于w-BIBD的异构传感网密钥预分配方案
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摘要
定义w-平衡不完全区组设计(w-BIBD)的概念.为了解决基数q较大情况下平衡不完全区组设计实现的困难性,将基集中的元素表示成二维空间上的元素,利用二维空间元素的位置关系,构造w-BIBD;将构造的w-BIBD映射到无线传感网的密钥预分配方案中,该方案实现简单,保证了密钥的强连通性.对w-BIBD方案进行扩展,将基集中的元素扩展到三维空间,提出基于EX-w-BIBD的密钥预分配方案.该方案在提高网络抗毁性的同时,能够支持更大的网络规模.分析和实验结果表明,与现有的方案相比,在相同密钥环大小的情况下,EX-w-BIBD方案具有较好的网络扩展性,在连通性和抗毁性之间取得了平衡.
A concept of w-balanced incomplete block design(w-BIBD) was defined. In view of the difficulty in implementing balanced incomplete block design, elements in base set were expressed in the form of those in twodimensional space when cardinality q has bigger value. A structure of w-BIBD was constructed utilizing locationrelation of the elements in two-dimensional space. A w-BIBD based key pre-distribution scheme was presented in wireless sensor networks, which could be easily implemented while guaranteeing the strong key connectivity between nodes. A key pre-distribution scheme based on Ex-w-BIBD was proposed by extending w-BIBD in threedimensional space, which obtained better resilience while supporting high scalability. Results show that in case of the same size of key rings, EX-w-BIBD scheme provides better key scalability compared to the existing schemes while making a trade-off between resiliency and connectivity.
A concept of w-balanced incomplete block design(w-BIBD) was defined. In view of the difficulty in implementing balanced incomplete block design, elements in base set were expressed in the form of those in twodimensional space when cardinality q has bigger value. A structure of w-BIBD was constructed utilizing locationrelation of the elements in two-dimensional space. A w-BIBD based key pre-distribution scheme was presented in wireless sensor networks, which could be easily implemented while guaranteeing the strong key connectivity between nodes. A key pre-distribution scheme based on Ex-w-BIBD was proposed by extending w-BIBD in threedimensional space, which obtained better resilience while supporting high scalability. Results show that in case of the same size of key rings, EX-w-BIBD scheme provides better key scalability compared to the existing schemes while making a trade-off between resiliency and connectivity.
引文
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[23]ANZANI M, JAVADI H H S, MODIRIR V. Keymanagement scheme for wireless sensor networks based on merging blocks of symmetric design[J].Wireless Networks, 2017, 24(2):1-13.
[2]WANG D,WANG P. Understanding security failures of two-factor authentication schemes for real-time applications in hierarchical wireless sensor networks[J]. Ad Hoc Net-works, 2014, 20(2):1-15.
[3]ZHAN F, YAO N, GAO Z, et al. A novel key generation method for wireless sensor networks based on system of equations[J]. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2017, 82(C):114-127.
[4]RUJ S,ROY B. Key predistribution using combinatorial designs for grid-group deployment scheme in wireless sensor networks[J]. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 2010, 6(1):1-28.
[5]KENDALL1 M,MARTIN K M. Graph-theoretic design and analysis of key predistribution schemes[J]. Designs Codes and Cryptography,2016, 81(1):11-34.
[6]GANDINO F,FERRERO R,REBAUDENGO M. A key distribution scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks:q-s-composite[J]. IEEE Transcations on Information Forensics and Security,2016,12(1):34-47.
[7]GANDINO F,FERRERO R,MONTRUCCHIO B,et al. Fast hierarchical key management scheme with transitory master key for wireless sensor networks[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2016, 3(6):1334-1345.
[8]MESSAI M L,SEBA H. A survey of key management schemes in multi-phase wireless sensor networks[J]. Computer Networks, 2016, 105(8):60-74.
[9]RUJ S, NAYAK A, STOJMENOVIC I. Fully secure pairwise and triple key distribution in wireless sensor networks using combinatorial designs[C]//2011 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications. Shanghai:IEEE,2011:326-330.
[10]BECHKIT W, CHALLAL Y, BOUABDAL-LAH A,et al. A highly scalable Key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2013,12(2):948-959.
[11]章红艳,许力,林丽美.无线传感器网络中基于超立方体的对密钥建立方案研究[J].信息网络安全,2017,2017(12):1-5.ZHANG Hong-yan, XU Li, LIN Li-mei. Research on pairwise key establishment scheme based on hypercube in wireless sensor network[J]. Network Information Security, 2017, 2017(12):1-5.
[12]WANG D, WANG P. On the anonymity of two-factor authentication schemes for wireless sensor networks:attacks, principle and solutions[J]. Computer Networks, 2014, 73(C):41-57.
[13]汪定,李文婷,王平.对三个多服务器环境下匿名身份认证协议的安全行分析[J].软件学报,2018, 29(7):1-17.WANG Ding, LI Wen-ting, WANG Ping.Crytanalysis of three anonymous authentication schemes for multi-server environment[J]. Journal of Software, 2018, 29(7):1-17.
[14]QAMTEPE S A, YENER B. Combinatorial design of key distribution mechanisms for wireless sensornetworks[C]//Proceedings of the 9th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security.Berlin:Springer, 2004:293-308.
[15]LEE J, STINSON D R. On the construction of practical key predistribution schemes for distributed sensor Networks using combinatorial designs[J].ACM Transactions on Information and Systems Security, 2008, 11(2):1-35.
[16]夏戈明,黄遵国,王志英.基于对称平衡不完全区组设计的无线传感器网络密钥预分配方案[J].计算机研究与发展,2008,45(1):154-164.XIA Ge-ming, HUANG Zun-guo, WANG Zhi-ying.A key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks based on the symmetric balanced incomplete block design[J]. Journal of Computer Research and Development, 2008, 45(1):154-164.
[17]MODIRI V,JAVADI H H S,ANZANI M. A novel scalable key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks based on residual design[J].Wireless Personal Communications, 2017,96(2):2821-2841.
[18]马春光,张秉政,孙原,等.基于按对平衡设计的异构无线传感器网络密钥预分配方案[J].通信学报,2010,31(1):37-43.MA Chun-guang, ZHANG Bing-zheng, SUN Yuan,et al. Base on pair-wise balanced design key predistribution scheme for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks[J]. Journal of Communications,2010,31(1):37-43.
[19]JAVANBAKHT M, ERFANI H,JAVADI H H S,et al. Key predistribution scheme for clustered hierarchical wireless sensor networks based on combinatorial designs[J]. Security and Communication Networks, 2015, 7(11):2003-2014.
[20]GAO Q, MA W, LUO W. A combinatorial key pre distribution scheme for two-layer hierarchical wireless sensor networks[J]. Wireless Personal Communications, 2017, 96(2):2179-2204.
[21]沈灏.组合设计理论[M]. 2版.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2008:1-7.
[22]ZHANG J,WANG X,LI J. An efficient key predistribution protocol for wireless sensor networks via combinatorial design[J]. International Journal of Security and its Applications, 2015, 9(6):135-146.
[23]ANZANI M, JAVADI H H S, MODIRIR V. Keymanagement scheme for wireless sensor networks based on merging blocks of symmetric design[J].Wireless Networks, 2017, 24(2):1-13.