双重效应γ射线核电池的制备与性能研究
|
摘要
为提升核电池的电学输出性能,提出了利用γ射线结合辐致伏特和辐致光伏两种能量转换机制制备核电池的思路。基于γ射线、AlGaInP半导体PN结和ZnS:Cu荧光材料,制备了四级辐致伏特效应核电池(FRVB)和四级辐致伏特/光伏双重效应核电池(FDEB),研究了不同厚度荧光层所组成的双重效应核电池的电学性能。在X射线辐照下,测试结果显示5种不同厚度荧光层组成的并联结构双重效应核电池的最大输出功率分别为57.26,77.03,116.31,132.85,150.86 nW,性能均优于四级辐致伏特效应核电池。利用蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序MCNP5,模拟计算了光子在四级双重效应核电池中的能量沉积,结果显示荧光层中沉积的能量很少,却显著提升了核电池的输出性能。研究表明:多级结构双重能量转化机制可有效提升核电池的电学性能,为提升核电池性能提供了一种新的研究思路。
In order to improve the electrical output performance of nuclear batteries, the idea of combining γ-ray with radio-voltaic effect and radio-luminescent effect energy conversion mechanisms to prepare nuclear batteries is proposed. Two kinds of four-layer nuclear batteries based on γ-ray, AlGaInP semiconductor PN junctions and ZnS:Cu fluorescent materials are prepared, one of which is a four-layer radio-voltaic nuclear battery(FRVB) and the other of which is a four-layer dual-effect nuclear battery(FDEB). The electrical properties of dual-effect nuclear batteries composed of fluorescent layers with different thicknesses are studied under the test of X-ray irradiation. The test result shows that the maximum output power of parallel-structured dual-effect nuclear batteries composed of fluorescent layers with five different thicknesses is 57.26, 77.03, 116.31, 132.85, and 150.86 nW respectively, with performance better than that of FRVB. In addition, the energy deposition of photons at each AlGaInP or ZnS:Cu layer in the FDEB is simulated by MCNP5. The result shows that a small amount of energy deposition in the fluorescent layer can improve the electrical output performance of the nuclear battery significantly. The study shows that the multilayer structure with a dual-effect energy conversion mechanism can effectively improve the electrical output performance of nuclear batteries, which provides a new research idea for improving the performance of nuclear batteries.
In order to improve the electrical output performance of nuclear batteries, the idea of combining γ-ray with radio-voltaic effect and radio-luminescent effect energy conversion mechanisms to prepare nuclear batteries is proposed. Two kinds of four-layer nuclear batteries based on γ-ray, AlGaInP semiconductor PN junctions and ZnS:Cu fluorescent materials are prepared, one of which is a four-layer radio-voltaic nuclear battery(FRVB) and the other of which is a four-layer dual-effect nuclear battery(FDEB). The electrical properties of dual-effect nuclear batteries composed of fluorescent layers with different thicknesses are studied under the test of X-ray irradiation. The test result shows that the maximum output power of parallel-structured dual-effect nuclear batteries composed of fluorescent layers with five different thicknesses is 57.26, 77.03, 116.31, 132.85, and 150.86 nW respectively, with performance better than that of FRVB. In addition, the energy deposition of photons at each AlGaInP or ZnS:Cu layer in the FDEB is simulated by MCNP5. The result shows that a small amount of energy deposition in the fluorescent layer can improve the electrical output performance of the nuclear battery significantly. The study shows that the multilayer structure with a dual-effect energy conversion mechanism can effectively improve the electrical output performance of nuclear batteries, which provides a new research idea for improving the performance of nuclear batteries.
引文
[1] RONALD C C, MICHEAL G H. NASA planning next-gen nuclear battery for deep-space exploration missions[R]. NASA/STRs, TA03, 2015.
[2] ZHANG Q, CHEN R, SAN H, et al. Betavoltaic effect in titanium dioxide nanotube arrays under build-in potential difference[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 282: 529-533.
[3] THOMAS C, PORTNOFF S, SPENCER M G. High efficiency 4H-SiC betavoltaic power sources using tritium radioisotopes[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2016, 108(1): 013505.
[4] KRASNOV A A, STARKOV V V, LEGOTIN S A, et al. Development of betavoltaic cell technology production based on microchannel silicon and its electrical parameters evaluation[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2017, 121: 71-75.
[5] KHAN M R, SMITH J R, TOMPKINS R P, et al. Design and characterization of GaN p-i-n diodes for betavoltaic devices[J]. Solid State Electronics, 2017, 136: 24-29.
[6] BAILEY S G, WILT D M, CASTRO S L, et al. Photovoltaic development for alpha voltaic batteries[C]//Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. Orlando, USA: IEEE, 2005: 106-109.
[7] CHEN W, TANG X, LIU Y, et al. Novel radioluminescent nuclear battery: Spectral regulation of perovskite quantum dots[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2018, 42: 2507-2517.
[8] ARTUN O. A study of nuclear structure for 244Cm, 241Am, 238Pu, 210Po, 147Pm, 137Cs, 90Sr and 63Ni nuclei used in nuclear battery[J]. Modern Physics Letters A, 2017, 32(22): 1750117.
[9] LIU Y P, TANG X B, XU Z H, et al. Influences of planar source thickness on betavoltaics with different semiconductors[J]. Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry, 2015, 304(2): 517-525.
[10] ZHANG Z R, TANG X B, LIU Y P, et al. GaAs radiovoltaic cell enhanced by Y2SiO5 crystal for the development of new gamma microbatteries[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 2017, 398: 35-41.
[2] ZHANG Q, CHEN R, SAN H, et al. Betavoltaic effect in titanium dioxide nanotube arrays under build-in potential difference[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 282: 529-533.
[3] THOMAS C, PORTNOFF S, SPENCER M G. High efficiency 4H-SiC betavoltaic power sources using tritium radioisotopes[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2016, 108(1): 013505.
[4] KRASNOV A A, STARKOV V V, LEGOTIN S A, et al. Development of betavoltaic cell technology production based on microchannel silicon and its electrical parameters evaluation[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2017, 121: 71-75.
[5] KHAN M R, SMITH J R, TOMPKINS R P, et al. Design and characterization of GaN p-i-n diodes for betavoltaic devices[J]. Solid State Electronics, 2017, 136: 24-29.
[6] BAILEY S G, WILT D M, CASTRO S L, et al. Photovoltaic development for alpha voltaic batteries[C]//Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. Orlando, USA: IEEE, 2005: 106-109.
[7] CHEN W, TANG X, LIU Y, et al. Novel radioluminescent nuclear battery: Spectral regulation of perovskite quantum dots[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2018, 42: 2507-2517.
[8] ARTUN O. A study of nuclear structure for 244Cm, 241Am, 238Pu, 210Po, 147Pm, 137Cs, 90Sr and 63Ni nuclei used in nuclear battery[J]. Modern Physics Letters A, 2017, 32(22): 1750117.
[9] LIU Y P, TANG X B, XU Z H, et al. Influences of planar source thickness on betavoltaics with different semiconductors[J]. Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry, 2015, 304(2): 517-525.
[10] ZHANG Z R, TANG X B, LIU Y P, et al. GaAs radiovoltaic cell enhanced by Y2SiO5 crystal for the development of new gamma microbatteries[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 2017, 398: 35-41.