半导体激光器稳频综述
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摘要
在冷原子干涉实验中需要用激光冷却并操控原子,因此对半导体激光器频率的稳定性要求较高。由于半导体激光器本身线宽较大,功率稳定性差,还可能产生慢漂和跳模等现象,故需对半导体激光器进行稳频。本文介绍了饱和吸收谱稳频、波长调制稳频、调制光谱稳频、调制转移光谱稳频、双色激光稳频、频率电压转换稳频6种冷原子干涉实验中常用的稳频方法,分别阐述了各方法的原理、特点、适用领域,为半导体激光器的实际应用提供了参考。
In cold atom interference experiments,the atoms need to be cooled and manipulated by laser,so the frequency stability of semiconductor lasers is required.Because of the large line width,poor power stability,slow drift and mode hopping,it is necessary to stabilize the frequency of semiconductor lasers.This paper introduces six common frequency stabilization methods in cold atom interference experiments,including saturated absorption spectrum stabilization,wavelength modulation frequency stabilization,modulation spectrum frequency stabilization,modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization,two-color laser frequency stabilization and frequency-voltage conversion frequency stabilization.The principles,characteristics and application fields of these methods are described respectively,which provide reference for the practical application of semiconductor lasers.
In cold atom interference experiments,the atoms need to be cooled and manipulated by laser,so the frequency stability of semiconductor lasers is required.Because of the large line width,poor power stability,slow drift and mode hopping,it is necessary to stabilize the frequency of semiconductor lasers.This paper introduces six common frequency stabilization methods in cold atom interference experiments,including saturated absorption spectrum stabilization,wavelength modulation frequency stabilization,modulation spectrum frequency stabilization,modulation transfer spectrum frequency stabilization,two-color laser frequency stabilization and frequency-voltage conversion frequency stabilization.The principles,characteristics and application fields of these methods are described respectively,which provide reference for the practical application of semiconductor lasers.
引文
[1]王义遒.原子的激光冷却与陷俘[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007.
[2]孙步梁.高分辨率原子干涉重力测量实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[3]Stern G,Battelier B,Geiger R,et al.Light-pulse Atom Interferometry in Microgravity[J].The European Physical Journal D-Atomic,Molecular and Optical Physics,2009,53(3):353-357.
[4]Zhou M K,Hu Z K,Duan X C,et al.Experimental Progress in Gravity Measurement with an Atom Interferometer[J].Frontiers of Physics in China,2009,4(2):170-173.
[5]徐周翔.冷原子干涉实验的激光频率以及过程的自动控制[D].浙江:浙江大学,2012.
[6]Hardman K S,Everitt P J,McDonald G D,et al.Simultaneous Precision Gravimetry and Magnetic Gradiometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate:A High Precision,Quantum Sensor[J].Phys.rev.lett,2016,117(13):138501.
[7]吴彬.高准确度冷原子重力仪噪声与系统误差研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2014.
[8]韩顺利.拉曼脉冲型原子干涉仪的基础研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2010.
[9]Gou J L,Mehlst T E,Kim J,et al.Limits to the Sensitivity of a Low Noise Compact Atomic Gravimeter[J].Applied Physics B,2008,92(2):133-144.
[10]Muhammad R,Ramirez-Serrano J,Magalh K M F,et al.Efficiency in the Loading of a Sodium Magneto-optical Trap From Alkali Metal Dispensers[J].Optics Communications,2008,281(19):4926-4930.
[11]吴琼.高准确度绝对重力仪关键技术研究[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2011.
[12]Cheinet P,Santos F P D,Petelski T,et al.Compact Laser System for Atom Interferometry[J].Applied Physics B(Lasers and Optics),2006,84(4):643-646.
[13]段小春.原子干涉重力梯度测量原理性实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2011.
[14]周敏康.原子干涉重力测量原理性实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2011.
[15]Gou J L,Cheinet P,Kim J,et al.Influence of Lasers Propagation Delay on the Sensitivity of Atom Interferometers[J].European Physical Journal D,2007,44(3):419-425.
[16]Bertoldi G,Lamporesi L,Cacciapuoti M,et al.Atom Interferometry Gravity-Gradiometer for the Determination of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant G[J].The European Physical,2006,40(2):271-279.
[17]张红伟.水下重力场辅助导航定位关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2013.
[18]江晓.冷原子量子存储中的激光稳频与锁相技术[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2009.
[19]Nyman R A,Varoquaux G,Lienhart F,et al.I.C.E.:ATransportable Atomic Inertial Sensor for Test in Microgravity[J].Applied Physics B,2006,84(4):673-681.
[20]张璋.半导体激光器的稳频稳相以及在原子光学中的应用[D].浙江:浙江大学,2009.
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[23]Jentsch C,T.Müller,Rasel E M,et al.HYPER:A Satellite Mission in Fundamental Physics Based on High Precision Atom Interferometry[J].General Relativity and Gravitation,2004,36(10):2197-2221.
[24]Adams C S,Riis E.Laser Cooling and Trapping of Neutral Atoms[J].Progress in Quantum Electronics,1997,21(1):1-79.
[25]李楠.基于原子的磁场与重力场测量的研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2015.
[26]Kovachy T,Chiow S W,Kasevich M A.Adiabatic-rapid-passage Multiphoton Bragg Atom Optics[J].Physical Review A,2012,86(1).
[27]Snadden M J,Mcguirk J M,Bouyer P,et al.Measurement of the Earth's Gravity Gradient with an Atom InterferometerBased Gravity Gradiometer[J].Physical Review Letters,1998,81(5):971-974.
[28]许翱鹏.原子干涉型重力仪的共模噪声抑制研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2016.
[29]李一民.冷原子干涉仪实验程序控制系统研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
[30]Hauth M,Freier C,Schkolnik V,et al.First Gravity Measurements Using the Mobile Atom Interferometer GAIN[J].Applied Physics B:Lasers&Optics,2013,113(1):49-55.
[31]Louchet-Chauvet A,Farah T,Bodart Q,et al.The Influence of Transverse Motion Within an Atomic Gravimeter[J].New Journal of Physics,2011,13(6):065025.
[32]Carraz O,Lienhart F,Charrière R,et al.Compact and Robust Laser System for Onboard Atom Interferometry[J].Applied Physics B,2009,97(2):405-411.
[33]Dimopoulos S,Graham P W,Hogan J M,et al.Gravitational Wave Detection With Atom Interferometry[J].Physics Letters B,2009,678(1):37-40.
[34]邹鹏飞.冷原子干涉仪的理论建模与误差分析[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2013.
[35]孙亨利.原子干涉仪高准确度稳频锁相系统的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[36]黄壮.原子干涉仪集成化光学系统设计与实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.
[37]Farah T,Guerlin C,Landragin A,et al.Underground Operation at Best Sensitivity of the Mobile Lne-syrte Cold Atom Gravimeter[J].Gyroscopy and Navigation,2014,5(4):266-274.
[38]Merlet S,Bodart Q,Malossi N,et al.Comparison Between Two Mobile Absolute Gravimeters:Optical Versus Atomic Interferometers[J].Metrologia,2010,47(4):L9-L11.
[39]Hamilton P,Jaffe M,Brown J M,et al.Atom Interferometry in an Optical Cavity.[J].Physical Review Letters,2015,114(10):1-2.
[40]Rosi G,Sorrentino F,Cacciapuoti L,et al.Precision Measurement of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant Using Cold Atoms[J].Nature,2014,510(7506):518-521.
[41]程冰.基于冷原子干涉的重力加速度精密测量研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[42]Hamilton P,Zhmoginov A,Robicheaux F,et al.Antimatter Interferometry for Gravity Measurements[J].Physical Review Letters,2014,112(12):121102.
[43]仲丽丽.冷原子束干涉研究[D].长春:长春理工大学,2008.
[44]涂文凯.冷原子用的稳频激光及系统设计[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[45]Tarallo M G,Alberti A,Poli N,et al.Delocalization-enhanced Bloch Oscillations and Driven Resonant Tunneling in Optical Lattices for Precision Force Measurements[J].Physical Review A,2012,86(3):033615.
[2]孙步梁.高分辨率原子干涉重力测量实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[3]Stern G,Battelier B,Geiger R,et al.Light-pulse Atom Interferometry in Microgravity[J].The European Physical Journal D-Atomic,Molecular and Optical Physics,2009,53(3):353-357.
[4]Zhou M K,Hu Z K,Duan X C,et al.Experimental Progress in Gravity Measurement with an Atom Interferometer[J].Frontiers of Physics in China,2009,4(2):170-173.
[5]徐周翔.冷原子干涉实验的激光频率以及过程的自动控制[D].浙江:浙江大学,2012.
[6]Hardman K S,Everitt P J,McDonald G D,et al.Simultaneous Precision Gravimetry and Magnetic Gradiometry with a Bose-Einstein Condensate:A High Precision,Quantum Sensor[J].Phys.rev.lett,2016,117(13):138501.
[7]吴彬.高准确度冷原子重力仪噪声与系统误差研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2014.
[8]韩顺利.拉曼脉冲型原子干涉仪的基础研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2010.
[9]Gou J L,Mehlst T E,Kim J,et al.Limits to the Sensitivity of a Low Noise Compact Atomic Gravimeter[J].Applied Physics B,2008,92(2):133-144.
[10]Muhammad R,Ramirez-Serrano J,Magalh K M F,et al.Efficiency in the Loading of a Sodium Magneto-optical Trap From Alkali Metal Dispensers[J].Optics Communications,2008,281(19):4926-4930.
[11]吴琼.高准确度绝对重力仪关键技术研究[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2011.
[12]Cheinet P,Santos F P D,Petelski T,et al.Compact Laser System for Atom Interferometry[J].Applied Physics B(Lasers and Optics),2006,84(4):643-646.
[13]段小春.原子干涉重力梯度测量原理性实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2011.
[14]周敏康.原子干涉重力测量原理性实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2011.
[15]Gou J L,Cheinet P,Kim J,et al.Influence of Lasers Propagation Delay on the Sensitivity of Atom Interferometers[J].European Physical Journal D,2007,44(3):419-425.
[16]Bertoldi G,Lamporesi L,Cacciapuoti M,et al.Atom Interferometry Gravity-Gradiometer for the Determination of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant G[J].The European Physical,2006,40(2):271-279.
[17]张红伟.水下重力场辅助导航定位关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2013.
[18]江晓.冷原子量子存储中的激光稳频与锁相技术[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2009.
[19]Nyman R A,Varoquaux G,Lienhart F,et al.I.C.E.:ATransportable Atomic Inertial Sensor for Test in Microgravity[J].Applied Physics B,2006,84(4):673-681.
[20]张璋.半导体激光器的稳频稳相以及在原子光学中的应用[D].浙江:浙江大学,2009.
[21]Internal Working Note of the LIGO Project.[EB/OL].http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/.
[22]孙黎.半导体激光器稳频方法的对比研究[D].太原:中北大学,2015.
[23]Jentsch C,T.Müller,Rasel E M,et al.HYPER:A Satellite Mission in Fundamental Physics Based on High Precision Atom Interferometry[J].General Relativity and Gravitation,2004,36(10):2197-2221.
[24]Adams C S,Riis E.Laser Cooling and Trapping of Neutral Atoms[J].Progress in Quantum Electronics,1997,21(1):1-79.
[25]李楠.基于原子的磁场与重力场测量的研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2015.
[26]Kovachy T,Chiow S W,Kasevich M A.Adiabatic-rapid-passage Multiphoton Bragg Atom Optics[J].Physical Review A,2012,86(1).
[27]Snadden M J,Mcguirk J M,Bouyer P,et al.Measurement of the Earth's Gravity Gradient with an Atom InterferometerBased Gravity Gradiometer[J].Physical Review Letters,1998,81(5):971-974.
[28]许翱鹏.原子干涉型重力仪的共模噪声抑制研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2016.
[29]李一民.冷原子干涉仪实验程序控制系统研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
[30]Hauth M,Freier C,Schkolnik V,et al.First Gravity Measurements Using the Mobile Atom Interferometer GAIN[J].Applied Physics B:Lasers&Optics,2013,113(1):49-55.
[31]Louchet-Chauvet A,Farah T,Bodart Q,et al.The Influence of Transverse Motion Within an Atomic Gravimeter[J].New Journal of Physics,2011,13(6):065025.
[32]Carraz O,Lienhart F,Charrière R,et al.Compact and Robust Laser System for Onboard Atom Interferometry[J].Applied Physics B,2009,97(2):405-411.
[33]Dimopoulos S,Graham P W,Hogan J M,et al.Gravitational Wave Detection With Atom Interferometry[J].Physics Letters B,2009,678(1):37-40.
[34]邹鹏飞.冷原子干涉仪的理论建模与误差分析[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2013.
[35]孙亨利.原子干涉仪高准确度稳频锁相系统的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[36]黄壮.原子干涉仪集成化光学系统设计与实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.
[37]Farah T,Guerlin C,Landragin A,et al.Underground Operation at Best Sensitivity of the Mobile Lne-syrte Cold Atom Gravimeter[J].Gyroscopy and Navigation,2014,5(4):266-274.
[38]Merlet S,Bodart Q,Malossi N,et al.Comparison Between Two Mobile Absolute Gravimeters:Optical Versus Atomic Interferometers[J].Metrologia,2010,47(4):L9-L11.
[39]Hamilton P,Jaffe M,Brown J M,et al.Atom Interferometry in an Optical Cavity.[J].Physical Review Letters,2015,114(10):1-2.
[40]Rosi G,Sorrentino F,Cacciapuoti L,et al.Precision Measurement of the Newtonian Gravitational Constant Using Cold Atoms[J].Nature,2014,510(7506):518-521.
[41]程冰.基于冷原子干涉的重力加速度精密测量研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[42]Hamilton P,Zhmoginov A,Robicheaux F,et al.Antimatter Interferometry for Gravity Measurements[J].Physical Review Letters,2014,112(12):121102.
[43]仲丽丽.冷原子束干涉研究[D].长春:长春理工大学,2008.
[44]涂文凯.冷原子用的稳频激光及系统设计[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[45]Tarallo M G,Alberti A,Poli N,et al.Delocalization-enhanced Bloch Oscillations and Driven Resonant Tunneling in Optical Lattices for Precision Force Measurements[J].Physical Review A,2012,86(3):033615.