昭通核桃高改换优技术要点
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摘要
【目的】昭通地处云南省东北部,属金沙江下游右岸乌蒙山腹地,是云南省深纹核桃原生种质资源中心之一,也是中国南方深纹核桃(铁核桃、泡核桃、云南核桃)的重点分布区域。深纹核桃是中国西南以云南为分布中心的特有种。深纹核桃在适生生态环境、抗逆性、丰产性及果实品质等方面与普通核桃都存在显著的差异性。【方法】从昭通深纹核桃中筛选出的鲁甸大麻1号、鲁甸大麻2号、鲁甸大泡3号、乌蒙16号、乌蒙19号、庆丰1号、庆丰2号、庆丰3号、云晚霜1号、云晚霜2号核桃等品种。品质优良、抗性强、适宜昭通的主栽品种系列是昭通发展核桃产业的种质资源基础。【结果】昭通大量栽培核桃是2000年前后,2017年全市种植面积达29.77万hm~2。由于大部分是新疆核桃的实生苗种植方式,实生苗种质变异性大,品质良莠不齐,抗晚霜力不足,商品率低下,经济效益差。全市良种普及率不足40%。在昭通特定的立地气候条件,核桃良种必须应有良好的抗晚霜性。【结论】在对昭通核桃良种选育选用取得一定的成果和配套栽培技术有所突破的基础上,以高改换优技术对现有低产果园进行提质增效改造是昭通核桃产业的发展方向。本文针对昭通核桃种植现状提出昭通核桃高改换优技术的要点为良种选育选用、有效的改造技术和精细抚育管理。在改造技术中春季"三斜锯砧接穗留形成层的插皮嫁接方法"是高改换优的技术核心。
【Objective】Zhaotong is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province,which belongs to the hinterland of Wumeng Mountain on the right bank of the lower Jinsha River. Deep-striped walnut is one of the original germplasm resource centers in Yunnan Province,and it is also a deep-striped walnut(iron walnut,blistering walnut,and walnut) in southern China. The focus of the distribution of the region. Deep-striped walnut is a endemic species in southwest China with Yunnan as the center of distribution. There were signifi cant differences between deep striped walnut and common walnut in ecological environment,stress resistance,high yield and fruit quality. 【Method】Rudian hemp 1,Ludian cannabis 2,Ludian Dabo 3,selected from deep striped walnut in Zhaotong,Wumeng 16,Wumeng 19,Qingfeng 1,Qingfeng 2,Qingfeng 3,Yunlangshuang 1,Yunlangshuang 2 walnut and so on. Good quality,strong resistance,suitable for Zhaotong main variety series,is the basis of Zhaotong development of walnut germplasm resources. 【Result】A large number of walnuts were cultivated in Zhaotong around 2000,and the planting area reached 297 700 hm~2 in 2017. Because most of the seedlings are planted in Xinjiang walnut,the germplasm variation of seedling is great,the quality is uneven,the ability of resisting late frost is insuffi cient,the commodity rate is underground,and the economic benefit is poor. The popularization rate of improved varieties in the whole city is less than 40%. And Zhaotong's specifi c site gas Under different conditions,walnut varieties should have good resistance to late frost. 【Conclusion】On the basis of some achievements in the selection and selection of improved varieties of Zhaotong walnut and some breakthroughs in supporting cultivation techniques,it is the development direction of Zhaotong walnut industry to improve the quality and effi ciency of the existing low yield orchards by using the technology of high change and excellent exchange. According to the present situation of Juglans regia planting in Zhaotong,the key points of the high replacement technique of Juglans regia are the selection of improved variety,the effective modifi cation technology and fi ne tending management. In the revamping technology,"the grafting method of the scion left cambium by triangulation saw anvil in spring"is the core of the technique of high modifi cation.
【Objective】Zhaotong is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province,which belongs to the hinterland of Wumeng Mountain on the right bank of the lower Jinsha River. Deep-striped walnut is one of the original germplasm resource centers in Yunnan Province,and it is also a deep-striped walnut(iron walnut,blistering walnut,and walnut) in southern China. The focus of the distribution of the region. Deep-striped walnut is a endemic species in southwest China with Yunnan as the center of distribution. There were signifi cant differences between deep striped walnut and common walnut in ecological environment,stress resistance,high yield and fruit quality. 【Method】Rudian hemp 1,Ludian cannabis 2,Ludian Dabo 3,selected from deep striped walnut in Zhaotong,Wumeng 16,Wumeng 19,Qingfeng 1,Qingfeng 2,Qingfeng 3,Yunlangshuang 1,Yunlangshuang 2 walnut and so on. Good quality,strong resistance,suitable for Zhaotong main variety series,is the basis of Zhaotong development of walnut germplasm resources. 【Result】A large number of walnuts were cultivated in Zhaotong around 2000,and the planting area reached 297 700 hm~2 in 2017. Because most of the seedlings are planted in Xinjiang walnut,the germplasm variation of seedling is great,the quality is uneven,the ability of resisting late frost is insuffi cient,the commodity rate is underground,and the economic benefit is poor. The popularization rate of improved varieties in the whole city is less than 40%. And Zhaotong's specifi c site gas Under different conditions,walnut varieties should have good resistance to late frost. 【Conclusion】On the basis of some achievements in the selection and selection of improved varieties of Zhaotong walnut and some breakthroughs in supporting cultivation techniques,it is the development direction of Zhaotong walnut industry to improve the quality and effi ciency of the existing low yield orchards by using the technology of high change and excellent exchange. According to the present situation of Juglans regia planting in Zhaotong,the key points of the high replacement technique of Juglans regia are the selection of improved variety,the effective modifi cation technology and fi ne tending management. In the revamping technology,"the grafting method of the scion left cambium by triangulation saw anvil in spring"is the core of the technique of high modifi cation.
引文
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[2]张计斌.核桃高接换优技术[J].北方果树,2012(2):45.
[3]丁永平,李正银.昭通市核桃产业发展现状及对策[J].林业调查规划,2017,42(2):133-135.
[4]马洪军.核桃高接换优技术[J].果农之友,2012(5):18-18.
[5]郑晓芹,苏贵安,曹伟刚,等.核桃高接换优与后期管理技术[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(11):117-119.
[6]任君玉,梁英,王根宪,等.核桃高接换优及接后管理措施[J].现代园艺,2008(11):15-16.
[7]李婉秋,李守玉.核桃树多头高接技术[J].河北果树,1989(2):42-44.
[8]王兴玉.核桃插皮舌腹接技术[J].中国果树,2013(6):66-67.
[9]玄立春,王红霞,刘静.核桃大树高接换优技术要点[J].河北果树,2008(1):53.
[10]张文越,王钧毅.核桃实生树改接换优技术规程[J].落叶果树,2011(3):30-31.
[11]王勇,武彦霞,刘朝红,等.核桃优良品种高接换优技术[J].山西果树,2009(3):51.
[12]邱政芳,韩淑伟,孙艳艳.核桃树高接换优简易技术[J].湖北林业科技,2012(4):82-83.