提高缝洞型气藏采出程度的物理实验——以高磨地区震旦系灯影组气藏为例
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摘要
高磨地区震旦系缝洞型气藏孔隙、溶洞、裂缝搭配关系复杂,储层渗流能力的较大差异导致难以准确预测气藏的采出程度。为认识并量化储层非均质性对储量可采性的影响,开展地层条件下各类储层岩心的串、并联衰竭式开发实验。通过改变实验压差和岩心的组合方式,明确流量与压力随时间的变化关系,评价现有工艺技术条件下储层类型、生产制度对气藏采出程度的影响。串联实验中,气体流动路径为孔隙→孔洞→裂缝-孔洞时,岩心采出程度最大;气体流动路径为孔洞→裂缝-孔洞→孔隙时,采出程度减少14%。并联实验中,实验压差5 MPa时最终累计产气量最大,但由于高渗岩心孔隙压力下降过快,后期累产气量增加幅度减小;实验压差3 MPa时,各类岩心同时供气的时间延长,实现了"动态供给平衡",累产气量增加幅度保持稳定。该实验研究从微观上认识了不同类型储层组合下的产量贡献特征,量化了低渗储层对高渗储层的制约性,对缝洞型气藏早期开发对策的制定具有指导意义。
The Sinian fractured-vuggy gas reservoirs in Gaomo area are complex in the collation relationships between pores,dissolved vugs and fractures,and their percolation capacity of reservoirs varies greatly,so it is difficult to predict their degree of reserves recovery accurately. In this paper,series and parallel depletion development experiments were carried out on various reservoir cores in reservoir conditions to understand and quantify the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on reserves recoverability. The relationships of flow rate and pressure vs. time were defined by changing experimental pressure difference and core combination modes. And the effects of reservoir type and production system on the degree of reserves recovery of gas reservoir based on existing technologies were evaluated. In the series experiments,the degree of reserves recovery is the highest when the gas flows along the path of pore→vug→fracture→vug,and it decreases by 14% when the gas flows along the path of vug→fracture→vug→pore. In the parallel experiments,the ultimate cumulative gas production is the highest when the experimental pressure difference is 5 MPa,but the increase amplitude of cumulative gas production declines in the late stage for the pore pressure of high-permeability cores drops too fast. When the experimental pressure difference is 3 MPa,simultaneous gas supply period of various cores is prolonged,so "dynamic supply balance" is realized and the increase amplitude of cumulative gas production is kept stable. By virtue of the experimental study,the production contribution characteristics of different reservoir combinations are microscopically recognized,and the restriction of low permeability reservoirs to the high permeability reservoirs was quantified. The research results play an instructive role in preparing the early development strategies of fractured-vuggy gas reservoirs.
The Sinian fractured-vuggy gas reservoirs in Gaomo area are complex in the collation relationships between pores,dissolved vugs and fractures,and their percolation capacity of reservoirs varies greatly,so it is difficult to predict their degree of reserves recovery accurately. In this paper,series and parallel depletion development experiments were carried out on various reservoir cores in reservoir conditions to understand and quantify the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on reserves recoverability. The relationships of flow rate and pressure vs. time were defined by changing experimental pressure difference and core combination modes. And the effects of reservoir type and production system on the degree of reserves recovery of gas reservoir based on existing technologies were evaluated. In the series experiments,the degree of reserves recovery is the highest when the gas flows along the path of pore→vug→fracture→vug,and it decreases by 14% when the gas flows along the path of vug→fracture→vug→pore. In the parallel experiments,the ultimate cumulative gas production is the highest when the experimental pressure difference is 5 MPa,but the increase amplitude of cumulative gas production declines in the late stage for the pore pressure of high-permeability cores drops too fast. When the experimental pressure difference is 3 MPa,simultaneous gas supply period of various cores is prolonged,so "dynamic supply balance" is realized and the increase amplitude of cumulative gas production is kept stable. By virtue of the experimental study,the production contribution characteristics of different reservoir combinations are microscopically recognized,and the restriction of low permeability reservoirs to the high permeability reservoirs was quantified. The research results play an instructive role in preparing the early development strategies of fractured-vuggy gas reservoirs.
引文
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[2]晏宁平,张宗林,何亚宁,汪关锋.靖边气田马五1+2气藏储层非均质性评价[J].天然气工业,2007,27(5):102-103.Yan Ningping,Zhang Zonglin,He Yaning&Wang Guanfeng.Heterogeneity appraisal of Ma Jia Gou-51+2 gas reservoir in Jing Bian gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(5):102-103.
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[4]司马立强,黄丹,韩世峰,冯春珍,焦雨佳,宁治军.鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田南部古风化壳岩溶储层有效性评价[J].天然气工业,2015,35(4):7-15.Sima Liqiang,Huang Dan,Han Shifeng,Feng Chunzhen,Jiao Yujia&Ning Zhijun.Effectiveness evaluation of palaeo-weathering crust-type karst reservoirs in the southern Jingbian Gasfield,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(4):7-15.
[5]张纪喜,陈岑,成群.碳酸盐岩储层微观非均质性分类评价-以普光气田飞仙关组储层为例[J].天然气勘探与开发,2016,39(4):5-7.Zhang Jixi,Chen Cen&Cheng Qun.Evaluation on clossification of microscopoic heterogeneity in carbonate reservoirs:Examples from Feixianguan Formation in Puguang Gasfield[J].Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2016,39(4):5-7.
[6]晏宁平,王旭,吕华,黄文科,黄刚.鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田下古生界非均质性气藏的产量递减规律[J].天然气工业,2013,33(2):43-47.Yan Ningping,Wang Xu,LüHua,Huang Wenke&Huang Gang.Deliverability decline law of heterogeneous Lower Paleozoic gas reservoirs in the Jingbian Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(2):43-47.
[7]岳思明,王展钢,张珑,祁英会,杨磊,韩红霞.塔里木盆地塔中地区碳酸盐岩不同储层的递减率分析[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(增刊2):182-185.Yue Siming,Wang Zhangang,Zhang Long,Qi Yinghui,Yang Lei&Han Hongxia.Analysis on the decline rate of different Tazhong carbonate reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(S2):182-185.
[8]贾爱林,付宁海,程立华,郭建林,闫海军.靖边气田低效储量评价与可动用性分析[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):160-165.Jia Ailin,Fu Ninghai,Chen Lihua,Guo Jianlin&Yan Haijun.The evaluation and recoverability analysis of low-quality reserves in Jingbian gas field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S2):160-165.
[9]李程辉,李熙喆,高树生,熊伟,刘华勋.高石梯-磨溪区块灯影组碳酸盐岩气藏孔隙结构特征[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(24):72-78.Li Chenghui,Li Xizhe,Gao Shusheng,Xiong Wei&Liu Huaxun.Pore structure characteristics of Dengying formation carbonate gas reservoir of Gaoshiti-Moxi Block[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(24):72-78.
[10]廖晓,王震亮,王爱国,魏丽,王勇,张保国.靖边气田西北部下奥陶统马五段白云岩储层特征及其分类评价[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(4):28-34.Liao Xiao,Wang Zhenliang,Wang Aiguo,Wei Li,Wang Yong&Zhang Baoguo.Characteristics and classification evaluation of dolomite reservoir of lower ordovician Ma5 Member in Northwestern Jingbian Gasfield[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(4):28-34.
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[12]陈志海,戴勇,郎兆新.缝洞性碳酸盐岩油藏储渗模式及其开采特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):101-105.Chen Zhihai,Dai Yong&Lang Zhaoxin.Storage-percolation modes and production performance of the karst reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Petroleum Explotarion and Development,2005,32(3):101-105.
[13]成友友,郭春秋,王晖.复杂碳酸盐岩气藏储层类型动态综合识别方法[J].断块油气田,2014,21(3):326-329.Chen Youyou,Guo Chunqiu&Wang Hui.Method of integrated dynamic identification on reservoir type of complex carbonate gas reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas field,2014,21(3):326-329.
[14]杨磊,凌涛,胥猛生,崔巍,费涛.英买2缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏试井曲线特征分析[J].油气井测试,2012,21(6):15-17.Yang Lei,Lin Tao,Xu Mengsheng,Cui Wei&Fei Tao.Well test curve analysis of YM2 Fracture-cave carbonate reservoir[J].Well Testing,2012,21(6):15-17.
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