汉语篇章中零形式的识别与消解
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摘要
传统的语义角色标注只能为句中显式表达的句法论元分配语义角色,但是忽略了一些隐式的语义成分,即零形式。该文基于汉语框架语义研究了零形式的识别及消解。在识别阶段,首先使用规则方法进行零形式检测,然后运用筛选过滤的策略去除部分错误识别的零形式;在消解阶段,将篇章中显式表达的框架元素填充项作为零形式的候选先行语,提出结合框架元素语义类型与框架关系的消解方法。在构建的164篇中文语料上进行实验,与其他方法相比,该方法能获得更好的结果。
Semantic Role Labeling is traditionally concerned with searching the fillers of those explicit roles appearing within sentence boundaries,ignoring some implicit arguments called null instantiation.This paper addressed the issue of automatic null instantiation identification based on Chinese FrameNet.We first apply the rule-based approach to detect null instantiation,which is followed by apost filtering to remove errors.Then,to deal with the arguments,we present an approach to combining semantic types of frame elements and frame-to-frame relations.We conduct experiments on 164 Chinese discourses,and compared with some other method,our method can get a better result.
Semantic Role Labeling is traditionally concerned with searching the fillers of those explicit roles appearing within sentence boundaries,ignoring some implicit arguments called null instantiation.This paper addressed the issue of automatic null instantiation identification based on Chinese FrameNet.We first apply the rule-based approach to detect null instantiation,which is followed by apost filtering to remove errors.Then,to deal with the arguments,we present an approach to combining semantic types of frame elements and frame-to-frame relations.We conduct experiments on 164 Chinese discourses,and compared with some other method,our method can get a better result.
引文
[1]刘开瑛.汉语框架语义网构建及其应用技术研究[J].中文信息学报,2011,25(6):46-52.
[2]俞士汶,黄居仁.计算语言学前瞻[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005:21-74.
[3]Josef Ruppenhofer,Caroline Sporleder,Roser Morante,Collin Baker,Martha Palmer.SemEval-2010Task 10:Linking Events and Their Participants in Discourse[C]//Proceedings of the SemEval-2010.Uppsala,Sweden:15-16July 2010:45-50.
[4]Sara Tonelli,Rodolfo Delmonte.VENSES++:Adapting a Deep Semantic Processing System to the Identification of Null Instantiations[C]//Proceedings of SemEval-2010.Uppsala,Sweden:15-16July 2010:296-299.
[5]Hugo Liu,Push Singh.Conceptnet:apractical commonsense reasoning tool-kit[J].BT technology journal,2004,22(4):211-226.
[6]Sara Tonelli,Rodolfo Delmonte.Desperately seeking implicit arguments in text[C]//Proceedings of the ACL 2011 workshop on relational models of semantics.2011:54-62.
[7]Desai Chen,Nathan Schneider,Dipanjan Das,Noah A.Smith.2010.SEMAFOR:Frame Argument Resolution with Log-Linear Models[C]//Proceedings of SemEval-2010.Uppsala,Sweden:15-16July 2010:264-267.
[8]雷章章,王宁,李茹,等.FrameNet中有定的零形式识别[J].中文信息学报,2013,27(3):107-112.
[9]Carina Silberer,Anette Frank.Casting implicit role linking as an anaphora resolution task[C]//Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics-Volume 1:Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task,and Volume 2:Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation.2012:1-10.
[10]Philip Gorinski,Josef Ruppenhofer,Caroline Sporleder.Towards weakly supervised resolution of null instantiations[C]//Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Semantics(IWCS2013)-Long Papers.2013:119-130.
[11]Ning Wang,Ru Li,Zhangzhang Lei,Zhiqiang Wang,Jingpan Jin.Document Oriented Gap Filling of Definite Null Instantiation in FrameNet[C]//Proceedings of Chinese Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data,2013,8202:85-96.
[12]Egoitz Laparra,German Rigau.Sources of evidence for implicit argument resolution[C]//Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Semantics(IWCS 2013)-Long Papers.2013:155-166.
[13]Matthew Gerber,Joyce Y Chai.Beyond nombank:a study of implicit arguments for nominal predicates[C]//Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.2010:1583-1592.
[14]李茹.汉语句子框架语义结构分析技术研究[D].山西大学博士学位论文,2012.
[15]Charles J Fillmore.Frame semantics.Linguistics in the morning calm[M].Seoul,Korea:Hanshin Publishing Company,1982:111-137.
[16]Collin F Baker,Charles J Fillmore,John B Lowe.The berkeley framenet project[C]//Proceedings of COLING/ACL.1998.
[17]Zhang Le.Maximum entropy modeling toolkit for python and C++:[OL]http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/lzhang10/maxent_toolkit.html
(1)框架语义角色标注模式是指标注的框架元素,其中也包括被标记为零形式的框架元素。
[2]俞士汶,黄居仁.计算语言学前瞻[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005:21-74.
[3]Josef Ruppenhofer,Caroline Sporleder,Roser Morante,Collin Baker,Martha Palmer.SemEval-2010Task 10:Linking Events and Their Participants in Discourse[C]//Proceedings of the SemEval-2010.Uppsala,Sweden:15-16July 2010:45-50.
[4]Sara Tonelli,Rodolfo Delmonte.VENSES++:Adapting a Deep Semantic Processing System to the Identification of Null Instantiations[C]//Proceedings of SemEval-2010.Uppsala,Sweden:15-16July 2010:296-299.
[5]Hugo Liu,Push Singh.Conceptnet:apractical commonsense reasoning tool-kit[J].BT technology journal,2004,22(4):211-226.
[6]Sara Tonelli,Rodolfo Delmonte.Desperately seeking implicit arguments in text[C]//Proceedings of the ACL 2011 workshop on relational models of semantics.2011:54-62.
[7]Desai Chen,Nathan Schneider,Dipanjan Das,Noah A.Smith.2010.SEMAFOR:Frame Argument Resolution with Log-Linear Models[C]//Proceedings of SemEval-2010.Uppsala,Sweden:15-16July 2010:264-267.
[8]雷章章,王宁,李茹,等.FrameNet中有定的零形式识别[J].中文信息学报,2013,27(3):107-112.
[9]Carina Silberer,Anette Frank.Casting implicit role linking as an anaphora resolution task[C]//Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics-Volume 1:Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task,and Volume 2:Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation.2012:1-10.
[10]Philip Gorinski,Josef Ruppenhofer,Caroline Sporleder.Towards weakly supervised resolution of null instantiations[C]//Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Semantics(IWCS2013)-Long Papers.2013:119-130.
[11]Ning Wang,Ru Li,Zhangzhang Lei,Zhiqiang Wang,Jingpan Jin.Document Oriented Gap Filling of Definite Null Instantiation in FrameNet[C]//Proceedings of Chinese Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data,2013,8202:85-96.
[12]Egoitz Laparra,German Rigau.Sources of evidence for implicit argument resolution[C]//Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Semantics(IWCS 2013)-Long Papers.2013:155-166.
[13]Matthew Gerber,Joyce Y Chai.Beyond nombank:a study of implicit arguments for nominal predicates[C]//Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.2010:1583-1592.
[14]李茹.汉语句子框架语义结构分析技术研究[D].山西大学博士学位论文,2012.
[15]Charles J Fillmore.Frame semantics.Linguistics in the morning calm[M].Seoul,Korea:Hanshin Publishing Company,1982:111-137.
[16]Collin F Baker,Charles J Fillmore,John B Lowe.The berkeley framenet project[C]//Proceedings of COLING/ACL.1998.
[17]Zhang Le.Maximum entropy modeling toolkit for python and C++:[OL]http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/lzhang10/maxent_toolkit.html
(1)框架语义角色标注模式是指标注的框架元素,其中也包括被标记为零形式的框架元素。