空气源热泵用作北京保育猪舍地暖的供暖效果研究
|
摘要
中国"2+26"城市禁煤供暖,猪场迫切需要找到可以替代燃煤、满足供暖需求的供暖方式。为了解空气源热泵在猪舍地暖的供暖效果,选择北京猪舍,配置空气源热泵设备,进行供暖期间保育猪舍热环境效果试验。结果表明:试验期间,室外最低和最高温度分别为-11.0和12.1℃;在地暖供暖猪舍中,地面温度与供水温度、室外温度都呈正比例相关关系,与供暖距离呈反比例线性关系;在系统供水温度范围为30.0～41.0℃时,猪舍无猪单元距离分水器最近(24 m)测点和最远(60 m)测点地面温度为19.1～28.6℃;实际供水温度平均值较设定温度降低1.8～4.0℃;距离分水器最近(24 m)测点地面温度较实际系统供水温度下降8.3～13.1℃;距离分水器最远(60 m)测点较最近测点(24 m)地面温度下降0.5～1.8℃。无猪时,0.3 m高温度较地面温度降低5.0℃;距离地面0.3 m以上不同高度温度变化不明显。对于北京保育猪舍适宜采用空气源热泵地暖供暖,推荐蓄水罐设定温度宜为43～32℃,实际供水温度宜为40.6～29.9℃。
With the importance of environmental protection, "2+26" cities in China have been banned from coal heating, and pig farms urgently need to find a low-cost heating way of energy saving and emission reduction. Air source heat pump is a kind of energy saving device by inputting a small amount of highgrade energy(electric energy) to achieve the goal that the heat flows from low-grade thermal energy(air) to high-grade thermal energy(such as water, oil, etc.). As a clean energy, air can be selected as a kind of heating energy but air source heat pump can also be affected by outdoor temperature and related technical factors. In order to understand heating effect of air source heat pump for floor heating of pig house, one nursery pig house in Beijing was selected to be the experimental pig house. The experimental pig house was 42 m long and 9.3 m wide and floor heating area was 42 m×5.7 m. Two air source heat pumps(5 P) were installed to the heating system of the nursery pig house with floor heating, and the thermal environment indexes of the heating system were monitored and analyzed. There were 12 pipes for supply water and other 12 pipes for return water in the heating floor. The test was divided into two periods, the equipment performance monitoring period and the pig house thermal environment effect test period. Equipment performance monitoring period: November 20 th, 2016-April 16 th, 2017. The pig house thermal environment effect test period was divided into two stages. The first stage(January 3 rd, 2017-January 8 th, 2017): pig house with pig test(two units). The second stage(January 9 th, 2017-January 20 th, 2017): pig house with no pig test(empty pig unit-unit 2). The results showed that the outdoor minimum and maximum temperatures were-11.0 and 12.1 ℃ during the test period, respectively. In the floor heating pig house, there was a positive linear correlation between the ground temperature and the supply water temperature, the correlation between the ground temperature and the outdoor temperature also indicated a positive linear correlation. However, the correlation between the ground temperature and the heating distance showed a negative correlation. When the actual system supply water temperature was 32.5-41.2 ℃, the 0.3 m height temperature range in the pig house of two units with pigs at measuring point P3 and measuring point P6(the two measuring points were in the middle of the pig house) was 19.4-21.5 ℃. When the actual system supply water temperature was 30.0-41.0 ℃, the ground temperature range at measuring point T1(the nearest measuring points to the water distributor, 24 m of distance from the water distributor) and measuring point T6(the farthest measuring points to the water distributor, 60 m of distance from the water distributor) in the pig house without pigs was 19.1-28.6 ℃. The actual system water supply temperature was 1.8-4.0 ℃ lower than the setting temperature during the test period. During experimental period of stage 2, the ground temperature at measuring point T1 in Unit 2 in the pig house without pigs was lower than the actual supply water temperature by 8.3-13.1 ℃, and the ground temperature of measuring point T6 decreased by 0.5-1.8 ℃ compared with the ground temperature of measuring point T1 and the difference between the two measuring points was 36 m. Moreover, the average temperature at 0.3 m height decreased by 5.0 ℃ compared with the average ground temperature, but there was no obvious change in temperature at different heights above 0.3 m. As for Beijing, the average outdoor temperature was 0.1 ℃ in heating period, the recommended setting temperature and actual supply water temperature for nursery pig house should be 43-32 ℃ and 40.6-29.9 ℃, respectively. The air source heat pump heating system was suitable for the nursery pig houses with floor heating system in Beijing.
With the importance of environmental protection, "2+26" cities in China have been banned from coal heating, and pig farms urgently need to find a low-cost heating way of energy saving and emission reduction. Air source heat pump is a kind of energy saving device by inputting a small amount of highgrade energy(electric energy) to achieve the goal that the heat flows from low-grade thermal energy(air) to high-grade thermal energy(such as water, oil, etc.). As a clean energy, air can be selected as a kind of heating energy but air source heat pump can also be affected by outdoor temperature and related technical factors. In order to understand heating effect of air source heat pump for floor heating of pig house, one nursery pig house in Beijing was selected to be the experimental pig house. The experimental pig house was 42 m long and 9.3 m wide and floor heating area was 42 m×5.7 m. Two air source heat pumps(5 P) were installed to the heating system of the nursery pig house with floor heating, and the thermal environment indexes of the heating system were monitored and analyzed. There were 12 pipes for supply water and other 12 pipes for return water in the heating floor. The test was divided into two periods, the equipment performance monitoring period and the pig house thermal environment effect test period. Equipment performance monitoring period: November 20 th, 2016-April 16 th, 2017. The pig house thermal environment effect test period was divided into two stages. The first stage(January 3 rd, 2017-January 8 th, 2017): pig house with pig test(two units). The second stage(January 9 th, 2017-January 20 th, 2017): pig house with no pig test(empty pig unit-unit 2). The results showed that the outdoor minimum and maximum temperatures were-11.0 and 12.1 ℃ during the test period, respectively. In the floor heating pig house, there was a positive linear correlation between the ground temperature and the supply water temperature, the correlation between the ground temperature and the outdoor temperature also indicated a positive linear correlation. However, the correlation between the ground temperature and the heating distance showed a negative correlation. When the actual system supply water temperature was 32.5-41.2 ℃, the 0.3 m height temperature range in the pig house of two units with pigs at measuring point P3 and measuring point P6(the two measuring points were in the middle of the pig house) was 19.4-21.5 ℃. When the actual system supply water temperature was 30.0-41.0 ℃, the ground temperature range at measuring point T1(the nearest measuring points to the water distributor, 24 m of distance from the water distributor) and measuring point T6(the farthest measuring points to the water distributor, 60 m of distance from the water distributor) in the pig house without pigs was 19.1-28.6 ℃. The actual system water supply temperature was 1.8-4.0 ℃ lower than the setting temperature during the test period. During experimental period of stage 2, the ground temperature at measuring point T1 in Unit 2 in the pig house without pigs was lower than the actual supply water temperature by 8.3-13.1 ℃, and the ground temperature of measuring point T6 decreased by 0.5-1.8 ℃ compared with the ground temperature of measuring point T1 and the difference between the two measuring points was 36 m. Moreover, the average temperature at 0.3 m height decreased by 5.0 ℃ compared with the average ground temperature, but there was no obvious change in temperature at different heights above 0.3 m. As for Beijing, the average outdoor temperature was 0.1 ℃ in heating period, the recommended setting temperature and actual supply water temperature for nursery pig house should be 43-32 ℃ and 40.6-29.9 ℃, respectively. The air source heat pump heating system was suitable for the nursery pig houses with floor heating system in Beijing.
引文
[1]京津冀及周边地区2017年大气污染防治工作方案[J].环境与发展,2017,2:4.CCTV News.Work programme on air pollution prevention and control in Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei and surrounding areas in 2017[J].Environment and development,2017,2:4.
[2]Islam M M,Mun H S,Bostami A B M R,et al.Evaluation of a ground source geothermal heat pump to save energy and reduce CO2 and noxious gas emissions in a pig house[J].Energy and buildings,2016,111:446-454.
[3]Yu Zhi,Ji Jie,Sun Wei,et al.Experiment and prediction of hybrid solar air heating system applied on a solar demonstration building[J].Energy and buildings,2014,78:59-65.
[4]Tian Y,Zhao C Y.A review of solar collectors and thermal energy storage in solar thermal applications[J].Applied energy,2013,104:538-553.
[5]Dong Xu,Tian Qi,Li Zhen.Experimental investigation on heating performance of solar integrated air source heat pump[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,123:1013-1020.
[6]Islam M M,Mun H S,Bostami A B M R,et al.Combined active solar and geothermal heating:A renewable and environmentally friendly energy source in pig houses[J].Environmental progress&sustainable energy,2016,35(4):1156-1165.
[7]易路,吴中红,刘继军,等.太阳能供暖效果与猪舍保温状况和供暖方式的关系[J].家畜生态学报,2018(2):54-60.Yi Lu,Wu Zhonghong,Liu Jijun,et al.Relationship of solar heating effect and thermal insulation condition and heating mode in nursery pig house[J].Transactions of Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2018(2):54-60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]易路,吴中红,刘继军,等.北京市猪场太阳能主动供暖节能减排及经济可行性评价[J].家畜生态学报,2017(10):71-79.Yi Lu,Wu Zhonghong,Liu Jijun,et al.Energy saving,emission reduction and economic feasibility evaluation of solar heating system in Beijing pig farms[J].Transactions of Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2017(10):71-79.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Tamvakidis S,Firfiris V K,Martzopoulou A,et al.Performance evaluation of a hybrid solar heating system for farrowing houses[J].Energy and Buildings 2015,97:162-174.
[10]王美芝,刘继军,吴中红,等.地源热泵技术对规模化猪场节能减排的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):251-254.Wang Meizhi,Liu Jijun,Wu Zhonghong,et al.Effect of ground-source heat pump applied to piggery on energy saving and emission reduction[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(4):251-254.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Wang M Z,Wu Z H,Chen Z H,et al.Economic performance study on the application of the ground source heat pump system in swine farms in Beijing China[J].AASRI Procedia,2012,2:8-13.
[12]Wang Meizhi,Liu Jijun,Wu Zhonghong,et al.Effect of ground-coupled heat pump technique application on economic performance and emission reduction in swine farm in Beijing China[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,610-613:3196-3201.
[13]Allaerts K,Koussa J A,Desmedt J,et al.Improving the energy efficiency of ground-source heat pump systems in heating dominated school buildings:A case study in Belgium[J].Energy and Buildings,2017,138:559-568.
[14]Xi J,Li Y,Liu M,et al.Study on the thermal effect of the ground heat exchanger of GSHP in the eastern China area[J].Energy,2017,141:56-65.
[15]Zhang Qunli,Zhang Lin,Nie Jinzhe,et al.Techno-economic analysis of air source heat pump applied for space heating in northern China[J].Applied energy,2017,207:533-542.
[16]Zhang Yaning,Ma Qin,Li Bingxi,et al.Application of an air source heat pump(ASHP)for heating in Harbin,the coldest provincial capital of China[J].Energy and buildings,2017,138:96-103.
[17]陈雁.太阳能辅助空气源热泵供暖实验和模拟研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.Chen Yan.Experiment and Simulation Study on Solar-Assisted Sir Source Heat Pump for Space Heating[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2006.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]李昆.寒冷地区空气源热泵地板辐射供暖适宜性分析[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2015.Li Kun.Study of Feasibility for Radiant Floor Heating System With air Source Heat Pump in the Cold Regions[D].Jinan:Shandong Jianzhu University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]王伟,吴旭,孙育英,等.不同除霜周期对空气源热泵运行性能影响的实测研究[J].暖通空调,2018,48(6):1-7,60.Wang Wei,Wu Xu,Sun Yuying,et al.Influence of different defrosting cycles on operating performance of air-source heat pumps[J].Journal of HV&AC,2018,48(6):1-7,60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Song Mengjie,Deng Shiming,Dang Chaobin,et al.Review on improvement for air source heat pump units during frosting and defrosting[J].Applied energy,2018,211:1150-1170.
[21]王伟,刘景东,孙育英,等.空气源热泵在北京地区全工况运行的关键问题及应对策路[J].暖通空调,2017,47(1):20-27.Wang Wei,Liu Jingdong,Sun Yuying,et al.Key problems and countermeasures for air-source heat pump under whole working conditions in Beijing[J].Journal of HV&AC,2017,47(1):20-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]王美芝,刘继军,田见晖,等.北京市猪舍节能改造的节能及保温效果[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):148-154.Wang Meizhi,Liu Jijun,Tian Jianhui,et al.Energy saving and insulation effect of renovation for existing swine houses in Beijing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(5):148-154.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]王美芝,刘继军,田见晖,等.北京市供暖猪舍节能减排潜力研究[J].家畜生态学报,2014(2):35-41.Wang Meizhi,Liu Jijun,Tian Jianhui,et al.Research on the potential capacity of energy conservation and emission reduction of existing swine houses heated in winter in Beijing by renovation of energy efficiency[J].Journal of domestic animal ecology,2014(2):35-41.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Rinaldo D,Dividich J L,Noblet J.Adverse effects of tropical climate on voluntary feed intake and performance of growing pigs[J].Livestock Production Science,2000,66(3):223-234.
[25]Renaudeau D,Anais C,Tel L,et al.Effect of temperature on thermal acclimation in growing pigs estimated using a nonlinear function[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(11):3715-3724.
[26]加拿大阿尔伯特农业局畜牧处.养猪生产[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[27]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.规模猪场环境参数及环境管理:GB/T17824.3-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008-07-31.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,National Standardization Administration Committee of China.Environmental parameters and environmental management for intensive pig farms:GB/T 17824.3-2008[S].Beijing:China Standards Publishing House,2008-07-31.
[28]王美芝,吴中红,刘继军,等.猪舍有害气体及颗粒物环境参数研究综述[J].猪业科学,2016,33(4):94-97.Wang Meizhi,Wu zhonghong,Liu Jijun,et al.Review on environmental parameters of harmful gases and particulates in piggery[J].Swine Industry Science,2016,33(4):94-97.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]Flaba J,Georg H,Graves R E,et al.The design of dairy cow and replacement Heifer housing[R].Report of the CIGRsection II working group N14 cattle housing,2014.CIGRrecommendations of dairy cow and replacement Heifer housing.International of commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering.2014.
[30]Jedele D G,Curtis J Q,Jones D D,et al.Midwest Plan Service[M]//Structures and Environment Handbook,Eleventh Edition.1987.
[31]Wang Lihua,Li Yuzhi,Lee J J.Effects of reduced nocturnal temperature on performance and behavior of nursery pigs[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2012,11(9):1509-1516.
[32]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.辐射供暖供冷技术规程:JGJ142-2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012-08-23.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China.Technical Specification for Radiant Heating and Cooling:JGJ142-2012[S].Beijing:China Construction Industry Publishing House,2012-08-23.
[2]Islam M M,Mun H S,Bostami A B M R,et al.Evaluation of a ground source geothermal heat pump to save energy and reduce CO2 and noxious gas emissions in a pig house[J].Energy and buildings,2016,111:446-454.
[3]Yu Zhi,Ji Jie,Sun Wei,et al.Experiment and prediction of hybrid solar air heating system applied on a solar demonstration building[J].Energy and buildings,2014,78:59-65.
[4]Tian Y,Zhao C Y.A review of solar collectors and thermal energy storage in solar thermal applications[J].Applied energy,2013,104:538-553.
[5]Dong Xu,Tian Qi,Li Zhen.Experimental investigation on heating performance of solar integrated air source heat pump[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,123:1013-1020.
[6]Islam M M,Mun H S,Bostami A B M R,et al.Combined active solar and geothermal heating:A renewable and environmentally friendly energy source in pig houses[J].Environmental progress&sustainable energy,2016,35(4):1156-1165.
[7]易路,吴中红,刘继军,等.太阳能供暖效果与猪舍保温状况和供暖方式的关系[J].家畜生态学报,2018(2):54-60.Yi Lu,Wu Zhonghong,Liu Jijun,et al.Relationship of solar heating effect and thermal insulation condition and heating mode in nursery pig house[J].Transactions of Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2018(2):54-60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]易路,吴中红,刘继军,等.北京市猪场太阳能主动供暖节能减排及经济可行性评价[J].家畜生态学报,2017(10):71-79.Yi Lu,Wu Zhonghong,Liu Jijun,et al.Energy saving,emission reduction and economic feasibility evaluation of solar heating system in Beijing pig farms[J].Transactions of Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2017(10):71-79.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Tamvakidis S,Firfiris V K,Martzopoulou A,et al.Performance evaluation of a hybrid solar heating system for farrowing houses[J].Energy and Buildings 2015,97:162-174.
[10]王美芝,刘继军,吴中红,等.地源热泵技术对规模化猪场节能减排的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):251-254.Wang Meizhi,Liu Jijun,Wu Zhonghong,et al.Effect of ground-source heat pump applied to piggery on energy saving and emission reduction[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(4):251-254.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Wang M Z,Wu Z H,Chen Z H,et al.Economic performance study on the application of the ground source heat pump system in swine farms in Beijing China[J].AASRI Procedia,2012,2:8-13.
[12]Wang Meizhi,Liu Jijun,Wu Zhonghong,et al.Effect of ground-coupled heat pump technique application on economic performance and emission reduction in swine farm in Beijing China[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,610-613:3196-3201.
[13]Allaerts K,Koussa J A,Desmedt J,et al.Improving the energy efficiency of ground-source heat pump systems in heating dominated school buildings:A case study in Belgium[J].Energy and Buildings,2017,138:559-568.
[14]Xi J,Li Y,Liu M,et al.Study on the thermal effect of the ground heat exchanger of GSHP in the eastern China area[J].Energy,2017,141:56-65.
[15]Zhang Qunli,Zhang Lin,Nie Jinzhe,et al.Techno-economic analysis of air source heat pump applied for space heating in northern China[J].Applied energy,2017,207:533-542.
[16]Zhang Yaning,Ma Qin,Li Bingxi,et al.Application of an air source heat pump(ASHP)for heating in Harbin,the coldest provincial capital of China[J].Energy and buildings,2017,138:96-103.
[17]陈雁.太阳能辅助空气源热泵供暖实验和模拟研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.Chen Yan.Experiment and Simulation Study on Solar-Assisted Sir Source Heat Pump for Space Heating[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2006.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]李昆.寒冷地区空气源热泵地板辐射供暖适宜性分析[D].济南:山东建筑大学,2015.Li Kun.Study of Feasibility for Radiant Floor Heating System With air Source Heat Pump in the Cold Regions[D].Jinan:Shandong Jianzhu University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]王伟,吴旭,孙育英,等.不同除霜周期对空气源热泵运行性能影响的实测研究[J].暖通空调,2018,48(6):1-7,60.Wang Wei,Wu Xu,Sun Yuying,et al.Influence of different defrosting cycles on operating performance of air-source heat pumps[J].Journal of HV&AC,2018,48(6):1-7,60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Song Mengjie,Deng Shiming,Dang Chaobin,et al.Review on improvement for air source heat pump units during frosting and defrosting[J].Applied energy,2018,211:1150-1170.
[21]王伟,刘景东,孙育英,等.空气源热泵在北京地区全工况运行的关键问题及应对策路[J].暖通空调,2017,47(1):20-27.Wang Wei,Liu Jingdong,Sun Yuying,et al.Key problems and countermeasures for air-source heat pump under whole working conditions in Beijing[J].Journal of HV&AC,2017,47(1):20-27.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]王美芝,刘继军,田见晖,等.北京市猪舍节能改造的节能及保温效果[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):148-154.Wang Meizhi,Liu Jijun,Tian Jianhui,et al.Energy saving and insulation effect of renovation for existing swine houses in Beijing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(5):148-154.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]王美芝,刘继军,田见晖,等.北京市供暖猪舍节能减排潜力研究[J].家畜生态学报,2014(2):35-41.Wang Meizhi,Liu Jijun,Tian Jianhui,et al.Research on the potential capacity of energy conservation and emission reduction of existing swine houses heated in winter in Beijing by renovation of energy efficiency[J].Journal of domestic animal ecology,2014(2):35-41.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Rinaldo D,Dividich J L,Noblet J.Adverse effects of tropical climate on voluntary feed intake and performance of growing pigs[J].Livestock Production Science,2000,66(3):223-234.
[25]Renaudeau D,Anais C,Tel L,et al.Effect of temperature on thermal acclimation in growing pigs estimated using a nonlinear function[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(11):3715-3724.
[26]加拿大阿尔伯特农业局畜牧处.养猪生产[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[27]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.规模猪场环境参数及环境管理:GB/T17824.3-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008-07-31.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,National Standardization Administration Committee of China.Environmental parameters and environmental management for intensive pig farms:GB/T 17824.3-2008[S].Beijing:China Standards Publishing House,2008-07-31.
[28]王美芝,吴中红,刘继军,等.猪舍有害气体及颗粒物环境参数研究综述[J].猪业科学,2016,33(4):94-97.Wang Meizhi,Wu zhonghong,Liu Jijun,et al.Review on environmental parameters of harmful gases and particulates in piggery[J].Swine Industry Science,2016,33(4):94-97.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]Flaba J,Georg H,Graves R E,et al.The design of dairy cow and replacement Heifer housing[R].Report of the CIGRsection II working group N14 cattle housing,2014.CIGRrecommendations of dairy cow and replacement Heifer housing.International of commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering.2014.
[30]Jedele D G,Curtis J Q,Jones D D,et al.Midwest Plan Service[M]//Structures and Environment Handbook,Eleventh Edition.1987.
[31]Wang Lihua,Li Yuzhi,Lee J J.Effects of reduced nocturnal temperature on performance and behavior of nursery pigs[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2012,11(9):1509-1516.
[32]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.辐射供暖供冷技术规程:JGJ142-2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012-08-23.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China.Technical Specification for Radiant Heating and Cooling:JGJ142-2012[S].Beijing:China Construction Industry Publishing House,2012-08-23.