基于连续气弹模型的超高烟囱风致响应风洞试验研究
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摘要
以某300 m超高烟囱为例,介绍了将连续气弹模型应用于超高烟囱抗风设计的风洞试验方法和试验结果。选用DEVCON胶剂,采用开模灌胶再拆模的方式,制作了连续壳体气弹模型,模拟了烟囱的几何外形和动力特性;基于刚性模型测压试验,确定了模型表面粗糙条的设置方式,以模拟实际烟囱风荷载的雷诺数效应;将刚性模型雷诺数效应模拟方法应用到连续壳体气弹模型上,对气弹模型进行吹风试验,获得了该烟囱的风致响应。气弹模型试验结果表明:该烟囱在平滑流场会发生一定程度的涡激共振现象,在实际湍流场中没有出现涡激共振现象,但横风向动态位移仍然显著大于顺风向动态位移;将试验结果与既有实测结果进行了对比,检验了该试验数据的可靠性。该试验方式和试验结果可为类似工程的抗风设计提供参考。
Taking a 300 m super tall chimney as an example, the wind tunnel test method and experimental results for a continuous aeroelastic model applied in wind resistant design were introduced. The continuous aero-elastic chimney model was manufactured by the DEVCON plastic steel liquid to analogy the structure according to its geometry scale ratios and dynamic characteristics. A piece of emery paper was attached on the surface of a rigid model to achieve an effective high Reynolds number flow in the full-scale condition and the optimal thickness of the emery paper was determined via a series of pressure measurement tests on the rigid model of the chimney. Thereafter, roughening the aero-elastic model by the emery paper with the optimal thickness, a series of wind tunnel tests were conducted on the model to directly acquire the structural responses. The test results show that the vortex induced resonance phenomenon exists in uniform flow to a certain extent, while there is no vortex induced resonance phenomenon in turbulent flow. Nevertheless, the dynamic displacements of the model in across-wind direction are still obviousely larger than those in along-wind direction. The test results were compared with the full-scale measured results, and it is shown that the test data of the model are reliable. The research process and results can provide a reference to similar projects.
Taking a 300 m super tall chimney as an example, the wind tunnel test method and experimental results for a continuous aeroelastic model applied in wind resistant design were introduced. The continuous aero-elastic chimney model was manufactured by the DEVCON plastic steel liquid to analogy the structure according to its geometry scale ratios and dynamic characteristics. A piece of emery paper was attached on the surface of a rigid model to achieve an effective high Reynolds number flow in the full-scale condition and the optimal thickness of the emery paper was determined via a series of pressure measurement tests on the rigid model of the chimney. Thereafter, roughening the aero-elastic model by the emery paper with the optimal thickness, a series of wind tunnel tests were conducted on the model to directly acquire the structural responses. The test results show that the vortex induced resonance phenomenon exists in uniform flow to a certain extent, while there is no vortex induced resonance phenomenon in turbulent flow. Nevertheless, the dynamic displacements of the model in across-wind direction are still obviousely larger than those in along-wind direction. The test results were compared with the full-scale measured results, and it is shown that the test data of the model are reliable. The research process and results can provide a reference to similar projects.
引文
[1]HIRSCH G,RUSCHEWEYH H.Full-scale measurements on steel chimney stacks[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1975,1(4):341-347.
[2]DAS S P,CHAULIA P B.Failure investigation of the vertically rivetted lap joints of a dolomite kiln chimney[J].Mechanical Engineering Bulletin,1983,14(4):106-112.
[3]CIESIELSKI R,FLAGA A,KAWECKI J.Aerodynamic effects on a non-typical steel chimney 120 m high[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,65(1):77-86.
[4]HUBALIKTHOMAS M.Wind-induced vibration of a brace on a 530 foot high chimney[C]//Proceedings of the American Power Conference.Chicago:[s.n.],1997.
[5]KAWECKI J,Z·URA N'SKI J A.Cross-wind vibrations of steel chimneys-A new case history[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2007,95(9):1166-1175.
[6]梁枢果,王磊,王述良,等.国内外规范圆截面高耸结构横风向等效风荷载取值对比研究[J].特种结构,2013,30(5):94-98.LIANG Shuguo,WANG Lei,WANG Shuliang,et al.Comparative research on across wind equivalent load codes of towering structure with circular cross section[J].Special Structure,2013,30(5):94-98.
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[10]VICKERY B J,STECKLEY A.Aerodynamic damping and vortex excitation on an oscillating prism in turbulent shear flow[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1993,49(1):121-140.
[11]KITAGAWA T,WAKAHARA T,FUJINO Y,et al.An experimental study on vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder tower at a high wind speed[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,69(3):731-744.
[12]王磊,梁枢果,邹良浩,等.超高层建筑多自由度气弹模型的优势及制作方法[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(17):24-29.WANG Lei,LIANG Shuguo,ZOU Lianghao,et al.The advantages and making method of super high-rise building’s multi-DOF aero-elastic model[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(17):24-30.
[13]YOSHIE R,KAWAI H,SHIMURA M,et al.A study on wind-induced vibration of super high rise building by multidegree-of freedom model[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,69/70/71(69):745-755.
[14]WANG Lei,LIANG Shuguo,HUANG Guoqing,et al.Investigation on the unstability of vortex induced resonance of high-rise buildings[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2018,175:17-31.
[15]孙天风,周良茂.无肋双曲线型冷却塔风压分布的全尺寸测量和风洞研究[J].空气动力学学报,1983(4):73-81.SUN Tianfeng,ZHOU Liangmao.A full-scale and windtunnel study of wind pressure distribution around a ribless hyperbolic cooling tower[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,1983(4):73-81.
[16]水利电力部.工业循环水冷却设计规范:GB/T 50102-2003[S].北京:中国计划出版社2003.
[17]WALDECK J L.Measurement of wind effects on a 300-Mconcrete chimney-reference paramters[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1989,32(1/2):199-209.
[18]STANDARD B.Eurocode 1:actions on structures-Part 1-4:general actions-wind actions:BS EN 1991-1-4:2005[S].London:British Standard Institution,2005.
[19]ZHANG X T.Analysis of across-wind vortex shedding resonance and its application to code[J].Building Science,2000,16:22-25.
[20]MELBOURNE W H,CHEUNG J C K,GODDARD C R.Response to wind action of 265-M mount isa stack[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1983,109(11):2561-2577.
[21]MLLER F P,NIESER H.Measurements of wind-induced vibrations on a concrete chimney[J].Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics,1975,1(75):239-248.
[22]WALDECK J L.The measured and predicted response of a300 m concrete chimney[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1992,41(1/2/3):229-240.
[23]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑结构荷载规范:GB 50009-2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[24]Architectural Institute of Japan.Recommendations for loads on buildings[S].Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan,1996.
[2]DAS S P,CHAULIA P B.Failure investigation of the vertically rivetted lap joints of a dolomite kiln chimney[J].Mechanical Engineering Bulletin,1983,14(4):106-112.
[3]CIESIELSKI R,FLAGA A,KAWECKI J.Aerodynamic effects on a non-typical steel chimney 120 m high[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,65(1):77-86.
[4]HUBALIKTHOMAS M.Wind-induced vibration of a brace on a 530 foot high chimney[C]//Proceedings of the American Power Conference.Chicago:[s.n.],1997.
[5]KAWECKI J,Z·URA N'SKI J A.Cross-wind vibrations of steel chimneys-A new case history[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2007,95(9):1166-1175.
[6]梁枢果,王磊,王述良,等.国内外规范圆截面高耸结构横风向等效风荷载取值对比研究[J].特种结构,2013,30(5):94-98.LIANG Shuguo,WANG Lei,WANG Shuliang,et al.Comparative research on across wind equivalent load codes of towering structure with circular cross section[J].Special Structure,2013,30(5):94-98.
[7]SIMIU E,SCANLAN R H.Wind effects on structures:an introduction to wind engineering[M].Hoboken:Wiley,1978.
[8]VICKERY B J,BASU R I.Across-wind vibrations of structures of circular cross-section.Part I:development of a mathematical model for two-dimensional conditions[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1983,12(1):49-73.
[9]LARSEN A.A generalized model for assessment of vortexinduced vibrations of flexible structures[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1995,57(2):281-294.
[10]VICKERY B J,STECKLEY A.Aerodynamic damping and vortex excitation on an oscillating prism in turbulent shear flow[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1993,49(1):121-140.
[11]KITAGAWA T,WAKAHARA T,FUJINO Y,et al.An experimental study on vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder tower at a high wind speed[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,69(3):731-744.
[12]王磊,梁枢果,邹良浩,等.超高层建筑多自由度气弹模型的优势及制作方法[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(17):24-29.WANG Lei,LIANG Shuguo,ZOU Lianghao,et al.The advantages and making method of super high-rise building’s multi-DOF aero-elastic model[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(17):24-30.
[13]YOSHIE R,KAWAI H,SHIMURA M,et al.A study on wind-induced vibration of super high rise building by multidegree-of freedom model[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,69/70/71(69):745-755.
[14]WANG Lei,LIANG Shuguo,HUANG Guoqing,et al.Investigation on the unstability of vortex induced resonance of high-rise buildings[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2018,175:17-31.
[15]孙天风,周良茂.无肋双曲线型冷却塔风压分布的全尺寸测量和风洞研究[J].空气动力学学报,1983(4):73-81.SUN Tianfeng,ZHOU Liangmao.A full-scale and windtunnel study of wind pressure distribution around a ribless hyperbolic cooling tower[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,1983(4):73-81.
[16]水利电力部.工业循环水冷却设计规范:GB/T 50102-2003[S].北京:中国计划出版社2003.
[17]WALDECK J L.Measurement of wind effects on a 300-Mconcrete chimney-reference paramters[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1989,32(1/2):199-209.
[18]STANDARD B.Eurocode 1:actions on structures-Part 1-4:general actions-wind actions:BS EN 1991-1-4:2005[S].London:British Standard Institution,2005.
[19]ZHANG X T.Analysis of across-wind vortex shedding resonance and its application to code[J].Building Science,2000,16:22-25.
[20]MELBOURNE W H,CHEUNG J C K,GODDARD C R.Response to wind action of 265-M mount isa stack[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1983,109(11):2561-2577.
[21]MLLER F P,NIESER H.Measurements of wind-induced vibrations on a concrete chimney[J].Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics,1975,1(75):239-248.
[22]WALDECK J L.The measured and predicted response of a300 m concrete chimney[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1992,41(1/2/3):229-240.
[23]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑结构荷载规范:GB 50009-2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[24]Architectural Institute of Japan.Recommendations for loads on buildings[S].Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan,1996.