Characterization of Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus) Skin and the Extracted Acid-Soluble Collagen
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摘要
The biochemical composition of the turbot skin was investigated. The moisture level of the skin was found to be 51.4%. Based on dry matter content, there were relatively high protein(82.1%) and lipid(13.1%) concentrations in the turbot skin. Mineral element analysis revealed that the turbot skin had high Ca content(2069.0 mg kg-1), and the concentrations of toxic heavy metals Hg and Pb were less than 0.005 mg kg-1, which indicates that the turbot skin is a safe resource for collagen production. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) analysis showed that acid-soluble collagen(ASC) extracted from the turbot skin was type-I collagen. The imino acid content of the ASC was 241.6 per 1000 amino acids, which suggests a relatively high denaturation temperature. The Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra of ASC reflected a highly stable structure, and the measured denaturation temperature of ASC was 29.5℃, which is higher than those from many temperate fishes. ASC was the most soluble at pH 4.0, and when the pH values were below or above 4.0, the solubility decreased rapidly. The ASC exhibited a relatively high solubility when NaCl concentration was lower than 2%. These results show that turbo skin can be employed as a source for producing collagen with high quality.
The biochemical composition of the turbot skin was investigated. The moisture level of the skin was found to be 51.4%. Based on dry matter content, there were relatively high protein(82.1%) and lipid(13.1%) concentrations in the turbot skin. Mineral element analysis revealed that the turbot skin had high Ca content(2069.0 mg kg-1), and the concentrations of toxic heavy metals Hg and Pb were less than 0.005 mg kg-1, which indicates that the turbot skin is a safe resource for collagen production. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) analysis showed that acid-soluble collagen(ASC) extracted from the turbot skin was type-I collagen. The imino acid content of the ASC was 241.6 per 1000 amino acids, which suggests a relatively high denaturation temperature. The Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra of ASC reflected a highly stable structure, and the measured denaturation temperature of ASC was 29.5℃, which is higher than those from many temperate fishes. ASC was the most soluble at pH 4.0, and when the pH values were below or above 4.0, the solubility decreased rapidly. The ASC exhibited a relatively high solubility when NaCl concentration was lower than 2%. These results show that turbo skin can be employed as a source for producing collagen with high quality.
The biochemical composition of the turbot skin was investigated. The moisture level of the skin was found to be 51.4%. Based on dry matter content, there were relatively high protein(82.1%) and lipid(13.1%) concentrations in the turbot skin. Mineral element analysis revealed that the turbot skin had high Ca content(2069.0 mg kg-1), and the concentrations of toxic heavy metals Hg and Pb were less than 0.005 mg kg-1, which indicates that the turbot skin is a safe resource for collagen production. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) analysis showed that acid-soluble collagen(ASC) extracted from the turbot skin was type-I collagen. The imino acid content of the ASC was 241.6 per 1000 amino acids, which suggests a relatively high denaturation temperature. The Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra of ASC reflected a highly stable structure, and the measured denaturation temperature of ASC was 29.5℃, which is higher than those from many temperate fishes. ASC was the most soluble at pH 4.0, and when the pH values were below or above 4.0, the solubility decreased rapidly. The ASC exhibited a relatively high solubility when NaCl concentration was lower than 2%. These results show that turbo skin can be employed as a source for producing collagen with high quality.
引文
Bae,I.,Osatomi,K.,Yoshida,A.,Osako,K.,Yamaguchi,A.,and Hara,K.,2008.Biochemical properties of acid-soluble collagens extracted from the skins of underutilised fishes.Food Chemistry,108:49-54.
Chen,J.,Li,H.,Yi,R.Z.,Xu,N.H.,Gao,R.,and Hong,B.H.,2016.Extraction and characterization of acid-soluble collagen from scales and skin of tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).LWT-Food Science and Technology,66:453-459.
Cho,J.K.,Jin,Y.G.,Rha,S.J.,Kin,S.J.,and Hwang,J.H.,2014.Biochemical characteristics of four marine fish skins in Korea.Food Chemistry,159:200-207.
Chuaychan,S.,Benjakul,S.,and Kishimura,H.,2015.Characteristics of acid-and pepsin-soluble collagens from scale of seabass(Lates calcarifer).LWT-Food Science and Technology,63:71-76.
Damodaran,S.,1996.Amino acids,peptides,and proteins.In:Food Chemistry.Fennema,O.R.,ed.,3rd edition,Marcel Dekker,New York,321e429.
Doyle,B.B.,Bendit,E.G.,and Blout,E.R.,1975.Infrared spectroscopy of collagen and collagen-like polypeptides.Biopolymers,14:937-957.
Herwig,N.,Stephan,K.,Panne,U.,Pritzkow,W.,and Vogl,J.,2011.Multi-element screening in milk and feed by SF-ICP-MS.Food Chemistry,124:1223-1230.
Heu,M.S.,Lee,J.H.,Kim,H.J.,Jee,S.J.,Lee,J.S.,Jeon,Y.J.,Shahidi,F.,and Kim,J.S.,2010.Characterization of acidand pepsin-soluble collagens from flatfish skin.Food Science and Biotechnology,19:27-33.
Huang,C.Y.,Kuo,J.M.,Wu,S.J.,and Tsai,H.T.,2016.Isolation and characterization of fish scale collagen from tilapia(Oreochromis sp.)by a novel extrusion-hydro-extraction process.Food Chemistry,190:997-1006.
Huang,Y.R.,Huang,Y.R.,Shiau,C.Y.,Chen,H.H.,and Huang,B.C.,2011.Isolation and characterization of acid and pepsin-solubilized collagens from the skin of balloon fish(Diodon holocanthus).Food Hydrocolloids,25:1507-1513.
Jia,Y.D.,Niu,H.X.,Meng,Z.,Liu,X.F.,and Lei,J.L.,2015.Biochemical composition of the ovarian fluid and its effects on the fertilization capacity of turbot Scophthalmus maximus during the spawning season.Journal of Fish Biology,86:1612-1620.
Jongjareonrak,A.,Benjakul,S.,Visessanguan,W.,Nagai,T.,and Tanaka,M.,2005.Isolation and characterization of acid and pepsin-solubilised collagens from the skin of brownstripe red snapper(Lutjanus vitta).Food Chemistry,93:475-484.
Kaewdang,O.,Benjakul,A.,Kaewmanee,T.,and Kishimura,H.,2014.Characteristics of collagens from the swim bladders of yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares).Food Chemistry,155:264-270.
Kimura,S.,1992.Wide distribution of the type I collagenα3chain in bony fish.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,102B:255-260.
Laemmli,U.K.,1970.Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.Nature,277:680-685.
Liu,D.S.,Wei,G.M.,Li,T.C.,Hu,J.H.,Lu,N.Y.,Regenstein,J.M.,and Zhou,P.,2015.Effects of alkaline pretreatments and acid extraction conditions on the acid-soluble collagen from grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)skin.Food Chemistry,172:836-843.
Lowry,O.H.,Rosebrough,N.J.,Farr,A.L.,and Randall,R.J.,1951.Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent.Journal of Biological Chemistry,193:256-275.
Mahboob,S.,2015.Isolation and characterization of collagen from fish waste material-Skin,scales and fins of Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala.Journal of Food Science and Technology,52(7):4296-4305.
Miao,S.Y.,Nie,Q.,Miao,H.J.,Zhang,W.B.,and Mai,K.S.,2016.Effects of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus).Journal of Ocean University of China,15:660-666.
Mohammadi,R.,Mohammadifar,M.A.,Mortazavian,A.M.,Rouhi,M.,Ghasemi,J.B.,and Delshadian,Z.,2016.Extraction optimization of pepsin-soluble collagen from eggshell membrane by response surface methodology(RSM).Food Chemistry,190:186-193.
Muyonga,J.H.,Cole,C.G.B.,and Duodu,K.G.,2004.Characterisation of acid soluble collagen from skins of young and adult Nile perch(Lates niloticus).Food Chemistry,85:81-89.
Nagai,T.,and Suzuki,N.,2000.Isolation of collagen from fish waste material-Skin,bone and fins.Food Chemistry,68:277-281.
Nagai,T.,Tanoue,Y.,Kai,N.,and Suzuki,N.,2015.Characterization of collagen from emu(Dromaius novaehollandiae)skins.Journal of Food Science and Technology,52:2344-2351.
Ogawa,M.,Moody,M.W.,Portier,R.J.,Bell,J.,Schexnayder,M.A.,and Losso,J.N.,2003.Biochemical properties of black drum and sheephead seabream skin collagen.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,51:8088-8092.
Plepis,A.M.D.G.,Goissis,G.,and Das-Gupta,D.K.,1996.Dielectric and pyroelectric characterization of anionic and native collagen.Polymer Engineering Science,36:2932-2938.
Silva,T.H.,Moreira-Silva,J.,Marques,A.L.P.,Domingues,A.,Bayon,Y.,and Reis,L.,2014.Marine origin collagens and its potential applications.Marine Drugs,12:5881-5901.
Sinthusamran,S.,Benjakul,S.,and Kishimura,H.,2013.Comparative study on molecular characteristics of acid soluble collagens from skin and swim bladder of seabass(Lates calcarifer).Food Chemistry,138:2435-2441.
Sionkowska,A.,Kozlowska,J.,Skorupska,M.,and Michalska,M.,2015.Isolation and characterization of collagen from the skin of Brama australis.International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,80:605-609.
Subhan,F.,Ikram,M.,Shehzad,A.,and Ghafoor,A.,2015.Marine collagen:An emerging player in biomedical applications.Journal of Food Science&Technology,52:4703-4707.
Zeng,S.K.,Yin,J.J.,Yang,S.Q.,Zhang,C.H.,Yang,P.,and Wu,W.L.,2012.Structure and characteristics of acid and pepsin-solubilized collagens from the skin of cobia(Rachycentron canadum).Food Chemistry,135:1975-1984.
Zhang,J.J.,Duan,R.,Huang,L.,Song,Y.J.,and Regenstein,M.J.,2014.Characterisation of acid-soluble and pepsinsolubilised collagen from jellyfish(Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye).Food Chemistry,150:22-26.
Zhang,Y.,Liu,W.T.,Li,G.Y.,Shi,B.,Miao,Y.Q.,and Xu,X.H.,2007.Isolation and partial characterization of pepsinsoluble collagen from the skin of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Food Chemistry,103:906-912.
Zhou,C.S.,Li,Y.H.,Yu,X.J.,Yang,H.,Ma,H.L.,Yagoub,A.E.A.,Cheng,Y.,Hu,J.L.,and Out,P.N.Y.,2016.Extraction and characterization of chicken feet soluble collagen.LWT-Food Science and Technology,74:145-153.
Chen,J.,Li,H.,Yi,R.Z.,Xu,N.H.,Gao,R.,and Hong,B.H.,2016.Extraction and characterization of acid-soluble collagen from scales and skin of tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).LWT-Food Science and Technology,66:453-459.
Cho,J.K.,Jin,Y.G.,Rha,S.J.,Kin,S.J.,and Hwang,J.H.,2014.Biochemical characteristics of four marine fish skins in Korea.Food Chemistry,159:200-207.
Chuaychan,S.,Benjakul,S.,and Kishimura,H.,2015.Characteristics of acid-and pepsin-soluble collagens from scale of seabass(Lates calcarifer).LWT-Food Science and Technology,63:71-76.
Damodaran,S.,1996.Amino acids,peptides,and proteins.In:Food Chemistry.Fennema,O.R.,ed.,3rd edition,Marcel Dekker,New York,321e429.
Doyle,B.B.,Bendit,E.G.,and Blout,E.R.,1975.Infrared spectroscopy of collagen and collagen-like polypeptides.Biopolymers,14:937-957.
Herwig,N.,Stephan,K.,Panne,U.,Pritzkow,W.,and Vogl,J.,2011.Multi-element screening in milk and feed by SF-ICP-MS.Food Chemistry,124:1223-1230.
Heu,M.S.,Lee,J.H.,Kim,H.J.,Jee,S.J.,Lee,J.S.,Jeon,Y.J.,Shahidi,F.,and Kim,J.S.,2010.Characterization of acidand pepsin-soluble collagens from flatfish skin.Food Science and Biotechnology,19:27-33.
Huang,C.Y.,Kuo,J.M.,Wu,S.J.,and Tsai,H.T.,2016.Isolation and characterization of fish scale collagen from tilapia(Oreochromis sp.)by a novel extrusion-hydro-extraction process.Food Chemistry,190:997-1006.
Huang,Y.R.,Huang,Y.R.,Shiau,C.Y.,Chen,H.H.,and Huang,B.C.,2011.Isolation and characterization of acid and pepsin-solubilized collagens from the skin of balloon fish(Diodon holocanthus).Food Hydrocolloids,25:1507-1513.
Jia,Y.D.,Niu,H.X.,Meng,Z.,Liu,X.F.,and Lei,J.L.,2015.Biochemical composition of the ovarian fluid and its effects on the fertilization capacity of turbot Scophthalmus maximus during the spawning season.Journal of Fish Biology,86:1612-1620.
Jongjareonrak,A.,Benjakul,S.,Visessanguan,W.,Nagai,T.,and Tanaka,M.,2005.Isolation and characterization of acid and pepsin-solubilised collagens from the skin of brownstripe red snapper(Lutjanus vitta).Food Chemistry,93:475-484.
Kaewdang,O.,Benjakul,A.,Kaewmanee,T.,and Kishimura,H.,2014.Characteristics of collagens from the swim bladders of yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares).Food Chemistry,155:264-270.
Kimura,S.,1992.Wide distribution of the type I collagenα3chain in bony fish.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,102B:255-260.
Laemmli,U.K.,1970.Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.Nature,277:680-685.
Liu,D.S.,Wei,G.M.,Li,T.C.,Hu,J.H.,Lu,N.Y.,Regenstein,J.M.,and Zhou,P.,2015.Effects of alkaline pretreatments and acid extraction conditions on the acid-soluble collagen from grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)skin.Food Chemistry,172:836-843.
Lowry,O.H.,Rosebrough,N.J.,Farr,A.L.,and Randall,R.J.,1951.Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent.Journal of Biological Chemistry,193:256-275.
Mahboob,S.,2015.Isolation and characterization of collagen from fish waste material-Skin,scales and fins of Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala.Journal of Food Science and Technology,52(7):4296-4305.
Miao,S.Y.,Nie,Q.,Miao,H.J.,Zhang,W.B.,and Mai,K.S.,2016.Effects of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus).Journal of Ocean University of China,15:660-666.
Mohammadi,R.,Mohammadifar,M.A.,Mortazavian,A.M.,Rouhi,M.,Ghasemi,J.B.,and Delshadian,Z.,2016.Extraction optimization of pepsin-soluble collagen from eggshell membrane by response surface methodology(RSM).Food Chemistry,190:186-193.
Muyonga,J.H.,Cole,C.G.B.,and Duodu,K.G.,2004.Characterisation of acid soluble collagen from skins of young and adult Nile perch(Lates niloticus).Food Chemistry,85:81-89.
Nagai,T.,and Suzuki,N.,2000.Isolation of collagen from fish waste material-Skin,bone and fins.Food Chemistry,68:277-281.
Nagai,T.,Tanoue,Y.,Kai,N.,and Suzuki,N.,2015.Characterization of collagen from emu(Dromaius novaehollandiae)skins.Journal of Food Science and Technology,52:2344-2351.
Ogawa,M.,Moody,M.W.,Portier,R.J.,Bell,J.,Schexnayder,M.A.,and Losso,J.N.,2003.Biochemical properties of black drum and sheephead seabream skin collagen.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,51:8088-8092.
Plepis,A.M.D.G.,Goissis,G.,and Das-Gupta,D.K.,1996.Dielectric and pyroelectric characterization of anionic and native collagen.Polymer Engineering Science,36:2932-2938.
Silva,T.H.,Moreira-Silva,J.,Marques,A.L.P.,Domingues,A.,Bayon,Y.,and Reis,L.,2014.Marine origin collagens and its potential applications.Marine Drugs,12:5881-5901.
Sinthusamran,S.,Benjakul,S.,and Kishimura,H.,2013.Comparative study on molecular characteristics of acid soluble collagens from skin and swim bladder of seabass(Lates calcarifer).Food Chemistry,138:2435-2441.
Sionkowska,A.,Kozlowska,J.,Skorupska,M.,and Michalska,M.,2015.Isolation and characterization of collagen from the skin of Brama australis.International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,80:605-609.
Subhan,F.,Ikram,M.,Shehzad,A.,and Ghafoor,A.,2015.Marine collagen:An emerging player in biomedical applications.Journal of Food Science&Technology,52:4703-4707.
Zeng,S.K.,Yin,J.J.,Yang,S.Q.,Zhang,C.H.,Yang,P.,and Wu,W.L.,2012.Structure and characteristics of acid and pepsin-solubilized collagens from the skin of cobia(Rachycentron canadum).Food Chemistry,135:1975-1984.
Zhang,J.J.,Duan,R.,Huang,L.,Song,Y.J.,and Regenstein,M.J.,2014.Characterisation of acid-soluble and pepsinsolubilised collagen from jellyfish(Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye).Food Chemistry,150:22-26.
Zhang,Y.,Liu,W.T.,Li,G.Y.,Shi,B.,Miao,Y.Q.,and Xu,X.H.,2007.Isolation and partial characterization of pepsinsoluble collagen from the skin of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Food Chemistry,103:906-912.
Zhou,C.S.,Li,Y.H.,Yu,X.J.,Yang,H.,Ma,H.L.,Yagoub,A.E.A.,Cheng,Y.,Hu,J.L.,and Out,P.N.Y.,2016.Extraction and characterization of chicken feet soluble collagen.LWT-Food Science and Technology,74:145-153.