晚清理论类“小说话”与中国小说批评的现代转型
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摘要
作为中国小说批评的重要方式之一,晚清理论类"小说话"的品评重点逐渐转移到对文本内容、人物塑造、审美趣味、社会功用等小说本身要素的探讨。而且在突出"直觉体悟"的同时,已尝试对小说批评进行理论思索与体系建构;尤其是,基于近代时势背景,对小说创作及批评与人学的关系、小说与社会之间的互动关系、对人之价值的展现以及从科学精神与民主思想进行小说内涵规范等的探索,使得晚清理论类"小说话"呈现出强烈的介入特征、批判色彩及意图鲜明的目的性,对中国小说批评向现代转型作了诸多有益探索。
As one of the most important ways of Chinese fiction criticism, the emphasis of theoretical fiction notes during the late Qing Dynasty gradually shifted to the elements of fiction itself, such as textual content, characterization, aesthetic taste, social function and so on. It also attempted to make theoretical reflections on and systematic construction of fiction criticism. Specifically, fiction notes emphasized the relationship between the creation and criticism of fiction and humanities, interaction between fiction and society, expression of human value, and exploration of the connotation of fiction from the perspectives of science and democracy. As a result of these new changes, the theoretical fiction notes during the late Qing period had a strong critical focus and teleological approach, thus making useful explorations of the modern transformation of Chinese fiction criticism.
As one of the most important ways of Chinese fiction criticism, the emphasis of theoretical fiction notes during the late Qing Dynasty gradually shifted to the elements of fiction itself, such as textual content, characterization, aesthetic taste, social function and so on. It also attempted to make theoretical reflections on and systematic construction of fiction criticism. Specifically, fiction notes emphasized the relationship between the creation and criticism of fiction and humanities, interaction between fiction and society, expression of human value, and exploration of the connotation of fiction from the perspectives of science and democracy. As a result of these new changes, the theoretical fiction notes during the late Qing period had a strong critical focus and teleological approach, thus making useful explorations of the modern transformation of Chinese fiction criticism.
引文
陈平原夏晓红编:《二十世纪中国小说理论资料(第一卷)》。北京:北京大学出版社,1997年。[Chen,Pingyuan,and Xia Xiaohong,eds.A Compilation of Theoretical Materials on Chinese Fiction in the Twentieth Century.Vol.1.Beijing:Peking University Press,1997.]
陈志华:“叙事观念的转变:从可靠叙述到不可靠叙述”,《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》3(2018):62—68。[Chen,Zhihua.“The Transformation of Narrative Concepts:From Reliable Narration to Unreliable Narration.” Journal of Jiangxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 3(2018):62-68.]
黄霖:“关于中国小说话”,《中国文学研究》2(2018):20—28。[Huang,Lin.“Notes on Chinese Fiction.” Research of Chinese Literature 2(2018):20-28.]
黄人:《黄人集》。上海:上海文化出版社,2001年。[Huang,Ren.Collected Works of Huang Ren.Shanghai:Shanghai Culture Publishing House,2001.]
——:《中国文学史》,杨旭辉点校。苏州:苏州大学出版社,2015年。[- - -.History of Chinese Literature.Ed.Yang Xuhui.Suzhou:Soochow University Press,2015.]
厨川白村:《苦闷的象征》,鲁迅译。北京:人民文学出版社,1988年。[Kuriyagawa,Hakuson.The Symbol of Depression.Trans.Lu Xun.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1988.]
忍杰:“小说漫谈”,《申报·自由谈》1920年6月24日第3版。[Ren,Jie.“Talking about Fiction.” Shun Pao 24 June 1920.]
谭桂林:“‘五四’后中国佛教文学思想的现代转型”,《中国社会科学》4(2013):161—79,208。[Tan,Guilin.“The Modern Transition of Chinese Buddhist Literature after the May Fourth Movement.” Social Sciences in China 4(2013):161-79,208.]
王国维:《〈红楼梦〉评论》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2011年。[Wang,Guowei.Comments on A Dream of the Red Mansions.Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,2011.]
王铁仙:“中国文学的现代转型及其意义”,《中国社会科学》3(2003):164—77,209。[Wang,Tiexian.“The Modernization of Chinese Literature and Its Significance.” Social Sciences in China 3(2003):164-77,209.]
温庆新:“《觚葊漫笔》杂谈”,《内江师范学院学报》9(2012):7—11。[Wen,Qingxin.“Gu'an's Literary Notes.” Journal of Neijiang Normal University 9(2012):7-11.]
张冠夫:“‘抒情的文学’与‘叙事的文学’——王国维文学类型二分法之探究”,《湖南大学学报(社会科学版)》3(2017):101—107。[Zhang,Guanfu.“Lyrical Literature and Narrative Literature:On the Dichotomy of Literary Genre Raised by Wang Guowei.” Journal of Hunan University (Social Sciences) 3(2017):101-107.]
周作人:“人的文学”,《文学运动史料选》,北京大学等编。上海:上海教育出版社,1979年。[Zhou,Zuoren.“Human Literature.” Selected Historical Materials of the Literary Movement.Ed.Peking University et al.Shanghai:Shanghai Educational Publishing House,1979.]
陈志华:“叙事观念的转变:从可靠叙述到不可靠叙述”,《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》3(2018):62—68。[Chen,Zhihua.“The Transformation of Narrative Concepts:From Reliable Narration to Unreliable Narration.” Journal of Jiangxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 3(2018):62-68.]
黄霖:“关于中国小说话”,《中国文学研究》2(2018):20—28。[Huang,Lin.“Notes on Chinese Fiction.” Research of Chinese Literature 2(2018):20-28.]
黄人:《黄人集》。上海:上海文化出版社,2001年。[Huang,Ren.Collected Works of Huang Ren.Shanghai:Shanghai Culture Publishing House,2001.]
——:《中国文学史》,杨旭辉点校。苏州:苏州大学出版社,2015年。[- - -.History of Chinese Literature.Ed.Yang Xuhui.Suzhou:Soochow University Press,2015.]
厨川白村:《苦闷的象征》,鲁迅译。北京:人民文学出版社,1988年。[Kuriyagawa,Hakuson.The Symbol of Depression.Trans.Lu Xun.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1988.]
忍杰:“小说漫谈”,《申报·自由谈》1920年6月24日第3版。[Ren,Jie.“Talking about Fiction.” Shun Pao 24 June 1920.]
谭桂林:“‘五四’后中国佛教文学思想的现代转型”,《中国社会科学》4(2013):161—79,208。[Tan,Guilin.“The Modern Transition of Chinese Buddhist Literature after the May Fourth Movement.” Social Sciences in China 4(2013):161-79,208.]
王国维:《〈红楼梦〉评论》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2011年。[Wang,Guowei.Comments on A Dream of the Red Mansions.Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,2011.]
王铁仙:“中国文学的现代转型及其意义”,《中国社会科学》3(2003):164—77,209。[Wang,Tiexian.“The Modernization of Chinese Literature and Its Significance.” Social Sciences in China 3(2003):164-77,209.]
温庆新:“《觚葊漫笔》杂谈”,《内江师范学院学报》9(2012):7—11。[Wen,Qingxin.“Gu'an's Literary Notes.” Journal of Neijiang Normal University 9(2012):7-11.]
张冠夫:“‘抒情的文学’与‘叙事的文学’——王国维文学类型二分法之探究”,《湖南大学学报(社会科学版)》3(2017):101—107。[Zhang,Guanfu.“Lyrical Literature and Narrative Literature:On the Dichotomy of Literary Genre Raised by Wang Guowei.” Journal of Hunan University (Social Sciences) 3(2017):101-107.]
周作人:“人的文学”,《文学运动史料选》,北京大学等编。上海:上海教育出版社,1979年。[Zhou,Zuoren.“Human Literature.” Selected Historical Materials of the Literary Movement.Ed.Peking University et al.Shanghai:Shanghai Educational Publishing House,1979.]