科技评估国际研究前沿与行业现状述评
|
摘要
近年来,我国科技评估行业迅速发展,同时也存在一些问题,亟待改革。跟踪国际上科技评估的研究前沿和行业动态有助于更好地审视我国科技评估行业的发展态势。本文以评估及科技评估领域知名的国际学术期刊为载体,对2014-2016年间刊载的学术论文进行统计。研究发现美国、荷兰等西方国家在评估领域非常活跃;影响评估、文献计量等是近年来科技评估领域的国际研究热点;我国科技评估行业的国际影响力有限,行业发展尚不成熟。建议我国科技评估界在国际交流、行业建设、理论与实践结合等方面借鉴国外经验有所加强。
In recent years,Chinese government has paid more attention on science and technology evaluation. Important policies such as Working Regulations on Science and Technology Evaluation have been issued. The quantity of science and technology evaluation research and practice is increased substantially. The number of evaluation institutions and evaluators has continued to grow,and new evaluation directions have emerged constantly. China's science and technology evaluation industry is experiencing a period of rapid development. However,the evaluation industry also faces many problems,such as misleading of orientation,inadequate capacity and so on. The reform of science and technology evaluation industry is imperative. What to be reformed and how to reform are questions that need to be answered. Evaluation industry has been a mature industry in many countries,where it has experienced the development stages of exploration,institutionalization and professionalization. There are many experience and lessons worth to be learned from foreign countries. Tracking the international research frontiers of evaluation and understanding the development trends of international evaluation community will help us better examine the status of China's science and technology evaluation industry,clarify the direction of reform,and further guide the evaluation research and practice.Chinese scholars have introduced some foreign experience on science and technology evaluation from different perspectives,including the evaluation methods,the application of evaluation results,evaluation process and organization,construction of evaluation system,the evaluation objects,and the evaluation of science and technology achievements,etc. These are of reference value to the construction of China's science and technology evaluation industry,but are still limited and can neither reflect the overall development trends in global evaluation community,nor the evaluation hotspots and activity level. This study selects four academic journals about evaluation worldwide. These are Evaluation,American Journal of Evaluation,New Directions for Evaluation and Research Evaluation. The papers published on these four journals from 2014 to 2016 are collected and studied. Statistics and analysis are made on keywords,countries,institutions,citations,etc.,with the aim to present and interpret the international research frontier and development trend in both the area of evaluation,as well as the science and technology evaluation globally.There are two limitations of our study. One is that the four selected journals are typical evaluation journals,but could not cover all of the papers published worldwide in the evaluation area,while the other is the statistic data of 2014-2016 can reveal some recent trends in the evaluation area,but cannot reflect the long-term trends in this area.The study found that,from 2014 to 2016,396 academic papers were published on four journals. European and American countries have important influence and activity level in evaluation area. The United States publishes the most papers in the field of evaluation and is far more active than other countries. In the area of science and technology evaluation,the Netherlands and Spain published the most papers. Evaluation in UK,Canada,Italy and Germany are also active. China is not active in international evaluation community,with fewer papers published.Professional evaluation institutions in foreign countries are diversified,including universities,research institutions,think tanks,enterprises and other types. Leiden University in the Netherlands has become the most active evaluation institution worldwide. Arhus University in Denmark,Polytechnic University of Valencia in Spain and Michigan State University in the United States are also very active. Active evaluation institutions are concentrated in the United States mostly.From 2014 to 2016,in the evaluation area,evaluation practice is the most frequent keyword,andimpact assessment,evaluation theory,program evaluation,evaluation research appear frequently,which show the research hotspots in recent years. In the area of science and technology evaluation,353 keywords are present,among whichresearch evaluation has the highest frequency,andbibliometrics,peer review,indicators and web of science have higher frequency. All the papers are classified into 15 evaluation issues. Among them,the papers related toimpact assessment are accounting for the largest number,and other hot issues includebibliometrics,evaluation research and research funds evaluation. Based on keyword analysis and evaluation issue analysis,it is found thatbibliometrics is still the research hotspot in science and technology evaluation area,andimpact assessment has become the most concentrated research direction. The evaluation papers published present the feature of close integration of theory and practice. In addition,it is an important experience of foreign country to promote the development of evaluation industry through evaluation association and professional journals.Comparatively,there are following problems in China's science and technology evaluation industry. First,the evaluation practice is not active enough and the evaluation results are less open,which to some extent affects the international exchange of Chinese evaluators. Second,China's evaluation institutions have developed rapidly in recent years,but not as diversified as the foreign country,their capacity and demand are unbalanced. Third,the theoretical research and practical work of evaluation are somewhat separated. The evaluation theory and common issues with Chinese characteristics are not paid enough attentions by China's evaluation community. Fourth,the development of science and technology evaluation industry is out of order to some degree,lack of orientation and capacity building. Fifth,there are no professional journals for science and technology evaluation in China. Evaluation accomplishment are often published on the journals belong to the field of science and technology management,information science and policy science,with the problems of low acceptance rate and lack of professionalism.Based on the statistics and analysis,some suggestions are raised. Firstly,international exchange should be strengthened among Chinese evaluators,so as to enhance the international influence and recognition of China's evaluation activities. Secondly,diversified evaluation institutions should be supported,and develop professionally. Thirdly,according to the needs of China's evaluation development,more research tracking the international frontier should be conducted,some ideas and methods could be drawn from foreign countries,and provide reference for our own evaluation practice. Fourthly,more attentions should be paid to the theory innovation and methods exploration of evaluation with Chinese characteristics,improving the openness of public investment evaluation activities,trying to apply more methods into evaluation practice,and promote the improvement of both evaluation theory and practice in China. Fifthly,to establish the China science and technology evaluation association,better directing the development of industry,and qualifying the evaluators,strengthening capacity-building in an organized manner. To establish professional evaluation journals,providing communication platforms for evaluation research and practice,encouraging the exchanges among evaluators.
In recent years,Chinese government has paid more attention on science and technology evaluation. Important policies such as Working Regulations on Science and Technology Evaluation have been issued. The quantity of science and technology evaluation research and practice is increased substantially. The number of evaluation institutions and evaluators has continued to grow,and new evaluation directions have emerged constantly. China's science and technology evaluation industry is experiencing a period of rapid development. However,the evaluation industry also faces many problems,such as misleading of orientation,inadequate capacity and so on. The reform of science and technology evaluation industry is imperative. What to be reformed and how to reform are questions that need to be answered. Evaluation industry has been a mature industry in many countries,where it has experienced the development stages of exploration,institutionalization and professionalization. There are many experience and lessons worth to be learned from foreign countries. Tracking the international research frontiers of evaluation and understanding the development trends of international evaluation community will help us better examine the status of China's science and technology evaluation industry,clarify the direction of reform,and further guide the evaluation research and practice.Chinese scholars have introduced some foreign experience on science and technology evaluation from different perspectives,including the evaluation methods,the application of evaluation results,evaluation process and organization,construction of evaluation system,the evaluation objects,and the evaluation of science and technology achievements,etc. These are of reference value to the construction of China's science and technology evaluation industry,but are still limited and can neither reflect the overall development trends in global evaluation community,nor the evaluation hotspots and activity level. This study selects four academic journals about evaluation worldwide. These are Evaluation,American Journal of Evaluation,New Directions for Evaluation and Research Evaluation. The papers published on these four journals from 2014 to 2016 are collected and studied. Statistics and analysis are made on keywords,countries,institutions,citations,etc.,with the aim to present and interpret the international research frontier and development trend in both the area of evaluation,as well as the science and technology evaluation globally.There are two limitations of our study. One is that the four selected journals are typical evaluation journals,but could not cover all of the papers published worldwide in the evaluation area,while the other is the statistic data of 2014-2016 can reveal some recent trends in the evaluation area,but cannot reflect the long-term trends in this area.The study found that,from 2014 to 2016,396 academic papers were published on four journals. European and American countries have important influence and activity level in evaluation area. The United States publishes the most papers in the field of evaluation and is far more active than other countries. In the area of science and technology evaluation,the Netherlands and Spain published the most papers. Evaluation in UK,Canada,Italy and Germany are also active. China is not active in international evaluation community,with fewer papers published.Professional evaluation institutions in foreign countries are diversified,including universities,research institutions,think tanks,enterprises and other types. Leiden University in the Netherlands has become the most active evaluation institution worldwide. Arhus University in Denmark,Polytechnic University of Valencia in Spain and Michigan State University in the United States are also very active. Active evaluation institutions are concentrated in the United States mostly.From 2014 to 2016,in the evaluation area,evaluation practice is the most frequent keyword,andimpact assessment,evaluation theory,program evaluation,evaluation research appear frequently,which show the research hotspots in recent years. In the area of science and technology evaluation,353 keywords are present,among whichresearch evaluation has the highest frequency,andbibliometrics,peer review,indicators and web of science have higher frequency. All the papers are classified into 15 evaluation issues. Among them,the papers related toimpact assessment are accounting for the largest number,and other hot issues includebibliometrics,evaluation research and research funds evaluation. Based on keyword analysis and evaluation issue analysis,it is found thatbibliometrics is still the research hotspot in science and technology evaluation area,andimpact assessment has become the most concentrated research direction. The evaluation papers published present the feature of close integration of theory and practice. In addition,it is an important experience of foreign country to promote the development of evaluation industry through evaluation association and professional journals.Comparatively,there are following problems in China's science and technology evaluation industry. First,the evaluation practice is not active enough and the evaluation results are less open,which to some extent affects the international exchange of Chinese evaluators. Second,China's evaluation institutions have developed rapidly in recent years,but not as diversified as the foreign country,their capacity and demand are unbalanced. Third,the theoretical research and practical work of evaluation are somewhat separated. The evaluation theory and common issues with Chinese characteristics are not paid enough attentions by China's evaluation community. Fourth,the development of science and technology evaluation industry is out of order to some degree,lack of orientation and capacity building. Fifth,there are no professional journals for science and technology evaluation in China. Evaluation accomplishment are often published on the journals belong to the field of science and technology management,information science and policy science,with the problems of low acceptance rate and lack of professionalism.Based on the statistics and analysis,some suggestions are raised. Firstly,international exchange should be strengthened among Chinese evaluators,so as to enhance the international influence and recognition of China's evaluation activities. Secondly,diversified evaluation institutions should be supported,and develop professionally. Thirdly,according to the needs of China's evaluation development,more research tracking the international frontier should be conducted,some ideas and methods could be drawn from foreign countries,and provide reference for our own evaluation practice. Fourthly,more attentions should be paid to the theory innovation and methods exploration of evaluation with Chinese characteristics,improving the openness of public investment evaluation activities,trying to apply more methods into evaluation practice,and promote the improvement of both evaluation theory and practice in China. Fifthly,to establish the China science and technology evaluation association,better directing the development of industry,and qualifying the evaluators,strengthening capacity-building in an organized manner. To establish professional evaluation journals,providing communication platforms for evaluation research and practice,encouraging the exchanges among evaluators.
引文
[1]杨洪涛,左舒文.国外科技评估发展新趋势及对上海的启示[J].科技管理研究,2014(22):14-17.Yang Hongtao,Zuo Shuwen. New trends of S&T evaluation in foreign country and its enlightenments to Shanghai city[J].S&T Management Research,2014(22):14-17.
[2]张小秋.国外评估的专业化发展及其对中国的启示[J].科研管理,2016(37):682-689.Zhang Xiaoqiu. The specialized development of foreign evaluations and their enlightenment to China[J]. Science Research Management,2016(37):682-689.
[3]徐峰.国外政府科技评估的新趋势及与我国的对比分析[J].世界科技研究与发展,2011,33(3):514-516.Xu Feng. New trends of foreign science and technology evaluation and comparison with Chinese practices[J]. World Sci-Tech R&D,2011,33(3):514-516.
[4]李瑛,邹立尧.科技评估国际经验与中国的政策优化[J].天津商业大学学报,2015,35(3):52-56.Li Ying,Zou Liyao. Science and technology assessment:international experience and China’s policy optimization[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Commerce,2011,33(3):514-516.
[5]国家科技评估中心.评估国际学术前沿研究报告(2014)[R].北京:国家科技评估中心,2015.National Center for S&T Evaluation. Research report on international academic frontiers in the evaluation field(2014)[R]. Beijing:National Center for S&T Evaluation,2015.
[6]国家科技评估中心.评估国际学术前沿研究报告(2015)[R].北京:国家科技评估中心,2016.National Center for S&T Evaluation. Research report on international academic frontiers in the evaluation field(2015)[R]. Beijing:National Center for S&T Evaluation,2016.
[7]国家科技评估中心.评估国际学术前沿研究报告(2016)[R].北京:国家科技评估中心,2017.National Center for S&T Evaluation. Research report on international academic frontiers in the evaluation field(2016)[R]. Beijing:National Center for S&T Evaluation,2017.
[8]科技部,财政部,发展改革委.科技评估工作规定(试行)[EB/OL].[2016-12-20](2018-06-01). http://www. most. gov. cn/fggw/zfwj/zfwj2016/201612/t20161220_129673. htm.Ministry of Science and Technology. Ministry of Finance,National Development and Reform Commission. Regulations for S&T evaluation(trial).[EB/OL][2016-12-20](2018-06-01). http://www. most. gov. cn/fggw/zfwj/zfwj2016/201612/t20161220_129673. htm.
[9]刘晓津,李一聪.科技评估在科技项目管理中的作用[J].科技管理研究,2006(1):166-167.Liu Xiaojin,Li Yicong. The role of technology assessment in S&T project management[J]. S&T Management Research,2006(1):166-167.
[10]国家科技评估中心.科技评估国际学术前沿研究报告(2014-2016)[R].北京:国家科技评估中心,2017.National Center for S&T Evaluation,Research report on international academic frontiers in the S&T evaluation field(2014-2016)[R]. Beijing:National Center for S&T Evaluation,2017.
[2]张小秋.国外评估的专业化发展及其对中国的启示[J].科研管理,2016(37):682-689.Zhang Xiaoqiu. The specialized development of foreign evaluations and their enlightenment to China[J]. Science Research Management,2016(37):682-689.
[3]徐峰.国外政府科技评估的新趋势及与我国的对比分析[J].世界科技研究与发展,2011,33(3):514-516.Xu Feng. New trends of foreign science and technology evaluation and comparison with Chinese practices[J]. World Sci-Tech R&D,2011,33(3):514-516.
[4]李瑛,邹立尧.科技评估国际经验与中国的政策优化[J].天津商业大学学报,2015,35(3):52-56.Li Ying,Zou Liyao. Science and technology assessment:international experience and China’s policy optimization[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Commerce,2011,33(3):514-516.
[5]国家科技评估中心.评估国际学术前沿研究报告(2014)[R].北京:国家科技评估中心,2015.National Center for S&T Evaluation. Research report on international academic frontiers in the evaluation field(2014)[R]. Beijing:National Center for S&T Evaluation,2015.
[6]国家科技评估中心.评估国际学术前沿研究报告(2015)[R].北京:国家科技评估中心,2016.National Center for S&T Evaluation. Research report on international academic frontiers in the evaluation field(2015)[R]. Beijing:National Center for S&T Evaluation,2016.
[7]国家科技评估中心.评估国际学术前沿研究报告(2016)[R].北京:国家科技评估中心,2017.National Center for S&T Evaluation. Research report on international academic frontiers in the evaluation field(2016)[R]. Beijing:National Center for S&T Evaluation,2017.
[8]科技部,财政部,发展改革委.科技评估工作规定(试行)[EB/OL].[2016-12-20](2018-06-01). http://www. most. gov. cn/fggw/zfwj/zfwj2016/201612/t20161220_129673. htm.Ministry of Science and Technology. Ministry of Finance,National Development and Reform Commission. Regulations for S&T evaluation(trial).[EB/OL][2016-12-20](2018-06-01). http://www. most. gov. cn/fggw/zfwj/zfwj2016/201612/t20161220_129673. htm.
[9]刘晓津,李一聪.科技评估在科技项目管理中的作用[J].科技管理研究,2006(1):166-167.Liu Xiaojin,Li Yicong. The role of technology assessment in S&T project management[J]. S&T Management Research,2006(1):166-167.
[10]国家科技评估中心.科技评估国际学术前沿研究报告(2014-2016)[R].北京:国家科技评估中心,2017.National Center for S&T Evaluation,Research report on international academic frontiers in the S&T evaluation field(2014-2016)[R]. Beijing:National Center for S&T Evaluation,2017.