控藻鲴鲢鳙不同组合系统中排泄物的变化研究
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摘要
在室内开展模拟实验,研究鲢、鳙和鲴不同混养系统中排泄物及微囊藻活性的变化。设置鲢鳙组合实验组,混养鲴鱼的鲢鳙实验组以及空白组,其中鲢鳙生物量放养比例为3:1,实验周期14天。结果显示,鲢鳙组和鲢鳙鲴组均能降低微囊藻密度,无显著差异(P>0.05),并且均极显著小于对照组(P<0.01)。混养鲴鱼可以降低排泄物含量及消化率,鲢鳙鲴排泄物含量在第4天开始呈下降趋势,实验结束时是鲢鳙组的16.08%。鲢鳙鲴组微囊藻消化率,第5天后快速增长,至实验结束达到85.9%,极显著高于鲢鳙组(P<0.01)。鲢鳙组和鲢鳙鲴组排泄物中氨基酸和氮含量相比未被摄食微囊藻减少率分别为33.17%、53.62%和34.97%、54.27%。在排泄物培养期间,鲢鳙鲴组排泄物胞外多糖(EPS)含量、叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度不断下降,至实验结束极显著低于鲢鳙组(P<0.01)。可见,在鲢鳙控藻的基础上,混养鲴鱼可以减少摄食微囊藻鲢鳙的排泄物及降低排泄物中微囊藻活性,改善排泄物引起的生态效应,为鲢鳙鲴生物操纵控藻改善水质提供理论依据。
引文
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[23]闫玉华,钟成华,邓春光.非经典生物操纵修复富营养化的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(12):3459-3460.
[24]Kolar C S,Chapman D C,Courtenay W R,etal.Asian carps of the Genus Hypophthalmichthys(Pisces,Cyprinidae)A biological synopsis and environmental risk assessment[J].Report to U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service per Interagency Agreement,2005,94400-3-0128:62-64.
[25]Leventer H,Teltsch B.The contribution of silver carp(Hypophthahnichthysmolitrix)to the biological control of Net of a reservoirs[J].Hydrobiologia,1990(191):47-55.
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[27]王银平,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.食微囊藻干粉鱼类对水环境的影响及氮素迁移转化规律[J]湖泊科学,2015,27(3):475-485.
[28]王银平,赵勇,曾庆飞等.杂食性鱼类排泄物中藻类光能活性研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(3):524-529.
[29]Topachevskii A V,Tseeb Y Y,Sirenko L A,etal.Blooming of water as a result of destroying of processes of regulation in hydrobiocenoses//Telitchenko M M,eds.Biological Self-purification and Forming of Wate Quality.Moscow:NaukaPress,1975:41-49.
[30]Gehrke P C,Harris J H.The role of fish in cyanobacterial blooms in Australia[J].Australian Journal of Marine and Fresh water Research,1994,45:905-915.
[31]Friedland K D,Ahrenholz D W,Haas L W.Viable gut passage of cyanobacteria through the filter-feeding fish at lanticmenhaden,Brevoortia tyrannus[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2005,27:715-718.
[32]Reynolds,C.S.,Variability in the provision and function of mucilage in phytoplankton:facultative responses to the environment,Hydrobiologia,2007,78:37-45.
[33]Kamjunke N,Mehner T.Coupling the microbial food web with fish:Are bacteria attached to cyanobacteria an important food source for underyearling roach[J].Fresh water Biology,2001,46:633-639.
[34]陈少莲,刘肖芳.鲢鳙对鱼粪消化利用的研究[J].水生生物学报,1989,13(3):250-258.
[35]任欣欣,姜昊,冷欣,等.蓝藻胞外多糖的生态学意义及其工业应用[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(3):762-771
[36]Duan S S,Guo Y F,Liu Z Q,etal.Over-compensatory growth of Tetraselmis tetrethele under the stress of nutrients deficiency[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(7):1297-1304.
[2]刘建康,谢平.用鲢鳙直接控制微囊藻水华的围隔试验和湖泊实践[J].生态科学,2003,22(3):193-196.
[3]Ping Xie,Jiankang Liu.Practical Success of Biomanipulation using Filter-feeding fish to Control Cyanobacteria Blooms:a Synthesis of Decades of Research and Application in a Subtropical Hypereutrophic[J].The Scientific World,2001,1:337-356.
[4]Zhang X,Xie P,Huang X P.Are view of nontraditional biomanipulation[J].The Scientific World Journal,2008,8:1184-1196.
[5]Ke Z X,Xie P,Guo L G,etal.Insitu study on the control of toxic Microcystis blooms using phytoplank tivorous fish in the subtrophical Lake Taihu of China:A large fish pen experiment[J].Aquaculture,2007,265:127-138
[6]张国华,曹文宣,陈宜瑜.湖泊放养渔业对我国湖泊生态系统的影响[J].水生生物学报,1997 12(3):271-280.
[7]Matyas K,Oldal I,Korponai J,Tatrai I,Paulovits G.Indirect effect of different fish communities on nutrient chlorophyll relationship in shallow hypertrophic water quality reservoirs.Hydrobiologia,2003,504(1/3):231-239.
[8]曾庆飞,谷孝鸿,毛志刚,等.鲢鳙控藻排泄物生态效应研究进展.生态学杂志,2010,29(9):1806-1811.
[9]Yan L L,Zhang G F,Liu Q G,et al.Optimization of culturing the fresh water pearl mussels,Hyriopsiscumingii with filter feeding Chinese carps(bighead carp and silver carp)by orthogonal array design[J].Aquaculture,2009,292(1-2):60-66.
[10]张根芳,许式见,刘其根,等.小型水库不同蚌、鱼混养模式排放水的水质分析[J].大连水产学院学报,2010,25(3):253-259.
[11]刘其根,杨洋,唐永涛,等.罗氏沼虾与三角帆蚌、鲢和鳙混养模式优化[J].水产学报,2014,38(11):1856-1864.
[12]刘家辉.鲴鱼养殖效益分析[J].水产学报,2014,6:46-47.
[13]陈楚星介绍一种优良的养殖对象—细鳞斜颌鲴[J].水产科技情报,2005,32(2):64-67.
[14]刘敏,熊邦喜,朱春等.细鳞鲴在我国大水域中增养殖的现状[J].河北渔业,2008,12:8-12.
[15]张毅敏,周创,高月香,等.不同水动力条件下鲴、三角帆蚌的组合对富营养化水体的净化作用[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(3):1110-1116
[16]周创,张毅敏,高月香,等.不同水温下鲴鱼对铜绿微囊藻的控制作用及对水质的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(6):2294-2298.
[17]吴晗,张毅敏,周创,等.温度对细鳞斜颌鲴生理学特性影响的研究[J].水污染防治,23-27.,
[18]Starling FLRM.Control of eutrophication by silvercarp(Hypophthahnichthysmolitrix)in the tropical Paranoa Reservoir(Brazil):A mesocosm experiment[J].Hydrobiologia,1993,257:143-152.
[19]Kolmakov V I,Gladyshev M I,Eravchuk E S.Species-specific stimulation of cyanobacteria by silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix(Va.1)Doklady[J].Biological Science,2006,408(1):223-225.
[20]Jancula D,Mikovcova M,Adamek Z,etal.Changes in the photosynthetic activity of Microcystis colonies after gut passage through Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)and silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)[J].Aquaculture Research,2008,39(3):311-314.
[21]Utermhl H.Zur Vervollkommung der quantitativen phytoplankton methodik.Mitteilung Internationale Vereinigung fuerTheoretische and Amgewandte Limnologie,1958,9:1-38.
[22]陈宇炜,陈开宁,胡耀辉.浮游植物叶绿素a测定的“热乙醇法”及其测定误差的探讨.湖泊科学,2006,18(5):550-552.
[23]闫玉华,钟成华,邓春光.非经典生物操纵修复富营养化的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(12):3459-3460.
[24]Kolar C S,Chapman D C,Courtenay W R,etal.Asian carps of the Genus Hypophthalmichthys(Pisces,Cyprinidae)A biological synopsis and environmental risk assessment[J].Report to U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service per Interagency Agreement,2005,94400-3-0128:62-64.
[25]Leventer H,Teltsch B.The contribution of silver carp(Hypophthahnichthysmolitrix)to the biological control of Net of a reservoirs[J].Hydrobiologia,1990(191):47-55.
[26]刘其根,王钰博,陈立侨,等.保水渔业对千岛湖食物网结构及其相互作用的影响[J].生态学报2010,30(10):2774—2783.
[27]王银平,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.食微囊藻干粉鱼类对水环境的影响及氮素迁移转化规律[J]湖泊科学,2015,27(3):475-485.
[28]王银平,赵勇,曾庆飞等.杂食性鱼类排泄物中藻类光能活性研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(3):524-529.
[29]Topachevskii A V,Tseeb Y Y,Sirenko L A,etal.Blooming of water as a result of destroying of processes of regulation in hydrobiocenoses//Telitchenko M M,eds.Biological Self-purification and Forming of Wate Quality.Moscow:NaukaPress,1975:41-49.
[30]Gehrke P C,Harris J H.The role of fish in cyanobacterial blooms in Australia[J].Australian Journal of Marine and Fresh water Research,1994,45:905-915.
[31]Friedland K D,Ahrenholz D W,Haas L W.Viable gut passage of cyanobacteria through the filter-feeding fish at lanticmenhaden,Brevoortia tyrannus[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2005,27:715-718.
[32]Reynolds,C.S.,Variability in the provision and function of mucilage in phytoplankton:facultative responses to the environment,Hydrobiologia,2007,78:37-45.
[33]Kamjunke N,Mehner T.Coupling the microbial food web with fish:Are bacteria attached to cyanobacteria an important food source for underyearling roach[J].Fresh water Biology,2001,46:633-639.
[34]陈少莲,刘肖芳.鲢鳙对鱼粪消化利用的研究[J].水生生物学报,1989,13(3):250-258.
[35]任欣欣,姜昊,冷欣,等.蓝藻胞外多糖的生态学意义及其工业应用[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(3):762-771
[36]Duan S S,Guo Y F,Liu Z Q,etal.Over-compensatory growth of Tetraselmis tetrethele under the stress of nutrients deficiency[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(7):1297-1304.