中美大学生创业教育、人格与创业意向的关系——创业自我效能感的中介作用
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- 英文论文题名：Relationship among Entrepreneurial Intention and Personality,Entrepreneurial Education between students' of Chinese and American——as the role of Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy
- 论文作者：孙杨 ; 张向葵 ; 沙晶莹
- 英文论文作者：Sun Yang ; Zhang Xiangkui ; Sha Jingying ; Education Department of Psychology ; Changchun Normal University ; Education Department of Psychology ; The Northeast Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：长春师范大学教育科学学院;东北师范大学教育学部心理学院;
- 论文关键词：创业意向 ; 人格 ; 自我效能感 ; 创业教育
- 英文论文关键词：entrepreneurial intention ; personality ; self-efficacy ; entrepreneurial education
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B848
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：767k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
创业意向是创业者在开始创业前及创业过程中所表现出的一种主观态度,其可以在一定程度上反映出创业者的创业能力、创业条件以及其它的创业特质。计划行为理论和创业事件模型表明,创业意向既受到人格、自我效能个体内在因素的预测,也受到文化、教育和家庭等社会外部环境的影响。因此本研究选择了在不同文化背景下的中美两国大学生,假设创业教育和大五人格共同预测创业目标意向和创业执行意向两种意向水平,同时,使创业自我效能感作为创业教育、创业意向与大五人格之间的中介变量,与创业教育和大五人格共同影响创业目标意向和创业执行意向。研究发现:(1)美国大学生的创业意向显著高于中国大学生的创业意向;在大五人格倾向性上,中国大学生的严谨性显著高于美国大学生的严谨性,美国大学生的开放性显著高于中国大学生的开放性;美国大学生创业教育状况显著高于中国大学生的创业教育状况;中美两国大学生在创业自我效能感上没有显著性差异;(2)中美两国大学生创业自我效能部分中介创业教育状况与创业目标意向和创业执行意向之间的关系,创业自我效能感在外向性与创业目标意向之间、外向性与创业执行意向之间、严谨性与创业执行意向之间起部分中介作用;中美两国大学生创业自我效能感在严谨性与创业目标意向之间起到不同的作用;(3)性别对中国大学生的创业教育、创业自我效能感、创业意向和大五人格的模型存在调节作用,但对美国大学生的模型中不存在调节作用,而家人是否存在创业行为在中美两国大学生的模型中都存在差异。性别上的差异主要体现在人格与创业意向的关系上,而家人是否有创业行为的差异主要体现在人格和创业自我效能感上。
Entrepreneurial intention is a kind of subjective attitude that the potential entrepreneur has regarded the entrepreneurial activity. The theory of planned behavior and the entrepreneurship event model indicate that entrepreneurial intention is not only predicted by the individual internal factors, such as personality and self-efficacy, but also influenced by the external social environment, including culture, education and family, etc. Therefore, this paper selects the university students from China and America with different cultural backgrounds as the subject.While assuming Entrepreneurial Education and the Big Five to jointly predict the entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy is regarded as the mediating variable between the entrepreneurial education and the entrepreneurial intention, as well as between the Big Five and entrepreneurial intention. All the three factors, namely, self-efficacy, entrepreneurial education, and the Big Five co-influence the entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention. The paper comes to the following conclusions according to the results of the five researches:(1) Remarkable differences exist between the Chinese and American university students on the entrepreneurial intention. The latter is evidently higher than the former. Regarding the Big Five tendency, the Chinese and American university students have remarkable difference on the Openness to experience and Conscientiousness, i.e., the Chinese students have much higher conscientiousness than the American students, while the latter has much higher openness to experience. There exist evident differences of the entrepreneurial education between the Chinese and American university students. There is no noticeable difference on the entrepreneurial self-efficacy between the Chinese and American university students.(2) The entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between the entrepreneurial education and the entrepreneurial goal intention, as well as implementation intention. The entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays the role of partial mediation between the extraversion and the entrepreneurial goal intention, between the extraversion and the entrepreneurial implementation intention, and between the conscientiousness and the entrepreneurial implementation intention. For the Chinese university students, their entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays the role of full mediation between the conscientiousness and the entrepreneurial goal intention, while, for the American university students, their entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays the role of partial mediation between the conscientiousness and the entrepreneurial goal intention. The agreeableness of the Chinese university students influences the entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention through the partial mediation effect of the entrepreneurial self-efficacy.(3) For the Chinese university students, gender has regulating effect on the entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, intention, and the Big Five model, while for the American students, it has no regulating effect on the model. The entrepreneurial behavior of family members has differences in the models for both countries' students. The gender difference mainly shows through the relationship between the personality and the entrepreneurial intention, while the difference of family entrepreneurial behavior mainly shows through the relationship between the personality and the entrepreneurial self-efficacy.
Entrepreneurial intention is a kind of subjective attitude that the potential entrepreneur has regarded the entrepreneurial activity. The theory of planned behavior and the entrepreneurship event model indicate that entrepreneurial intention is not only predicted by the individual internal factors, such as personality and self-efficacy, but also influenced by the external social environment, including culture, education and family, etc. Therefore, this paper selects the university students from China and America with different cultural backgrounds as the subject.While assuming Entrepreneurial Education and the Big Five to jointly predict the entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy is regarded as the mediating variable between the entrepreneurial education and the entrepreneurial intention, as well as between the Big Five and entrepreneurial intention. All the three factors, namely, self-efficacy, entrepreneurial education, and the Big Five co-influence the entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention. The paper comes to the following conclusions according to the results of the five researches:(1) Remarkable differences exist between the Chinese and American university students on the entrepreneurial intention. The latter is evidently higher than the former. Regarding the Big Five tendency, the Chinese and American university students have remarkable difference on the Openness to experience and Conscientiousness, i.e., the Chinese students have much higher conscientiousness than the American students, while the latter has much higher openness to experience. There exist evident differences of the entrepreneurial education between the Chinese and American university students. There is no noticeable difference on the entrepreneurial self-efficacy between the Chinese and American university students.(2) The entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between the entrepreneurial education and the entrepreneurial goal intention, as well as implementation intention. The entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays the role of partial mediation between the extraversion and the entrepreneurial goal intention, between the extraversion and the entrepreneurial implementation intention, and between the conscientiousness and the entrepreneurial implementation intention. For the Chinese university students, their entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays the role of full mediation between the conscientiousness and the entrepreneurial goal intention, while, for the American university students, their entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays the role of partial mediation between the conscientiousness and the entrepreneurial goal intention. The agreeableness of the Chinese university students influences the entrepreneurial goal intention and implementation intention through the partial mediation effect of the entrepreneurial self-efficacy.(3) For the Chinese university students, gender has regulating effect on the entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, intention, and the Big Five model, while for the American students, it has no regulating effect on the model. The entrepreneurial behavior of family members has differences in the models for both countries' students. The gender difference mainly shows through the relationship between the personality and the entrepreneurial intention, while the difference of family entrepreneurial behavior mainly shows through the relationship between the personality and the entrepreneurial self-efficacy.
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