错误信念、声誉对4-5岁儿童有利不公平厌恶的影响
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- 英文论文题名：The Effect of False Belief and Reputation on Advantageous Inequity Aversion among 4 to 5-year-olds
- 论文作者：郭庆童 ; 牛平平 ; 黄琪钰 ; 刘秀丽
- 英文论文作者：Guo Qing-tong ; Niu Ping-ping ; Huang Qi-yu ; Liu Xiu-li ; School of Psychology ; Department of Education ; Northeast Normal University ; Henan Zhengzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone Experimental Middle School
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：东北师范大学教育学部心理学院;河南省郑州市高新区实验中学;
- 论文关键词：儿童 ; 错误信念 ; 声誉 ; 有利不公平厌恶
- 英文论文关键词：children ; false belief ; reputation ; advantageous inequity aversion
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B844.1
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：777k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
不公平厌恶是指人们对不公平结果的抵抗,即个体拒绝自己比别人获得较多利益(有利不公平厌恶)或者拒绝自己比别人获得较少利益(不利不公平厌恶)。作为一种亲社会行为的表达,儿童的不公平厌恶会增加他人与其互动的期望,促进儿童良好社会交往能力的形成。近年国内外研究表明,学前儿童两种类型的不公平厌恶呈现出不同的发展趋势:随着年龄增长,儿童不利不公平厌恶的发展较平稳,而有利不公平厌恶的发展呈不断上升的趋势。本研究以45名4-5岁儿童为被试,考察影响4-5岁儿童有利不公平厌恶发展的内部因素(错误信念理解能力)和外部因素(声誉)。研究中,有无声誉条件为被试间变量,所有被试均在无同伴在场情境下完成独裁者博弈变式任务和一级错误信念任务。将儿童随机分组,一半的儿童接受有声誉条件下的独裁者博弈任务,一半的儿童接受无声誉条件下的独裁者博弈任务。所有儿童都接受错误信念任务的测查。结果发现:(1)4岁儿童有利不公平厌恶的发生率为62.7%,平均得分是1.300,5岁儿童有利不公平厌恶的发生率为80.8%,平均得分是1.654,二者在得分上不存在显著差异,说明4-5岁儿童有利不公平厌恶的发展还不成熟,仍处于较低水平;(2)儿童错误信念任务表现与有利不公平厌恶的发展正相关,错误信念任务通过组儿童比错误信念任务未通过组儿童表现出更多的有利不公平厌恶;(3)而声誉条件与有利不公平厌恶发展无显著相关。结果说明4-5岁儿童有利不公平厌恶的发展可能更多地受内部因素如错误信念理解能力的影响,结果支持不公平厌恶发展的两种机制说。
Inequity aversion refers to the resistance to inequitable results when one gets more benefit than others(advantageous inequity aversion) or less benefit than others(disadvantageous inequity aversion). As a prosocial behavior, inequity aversion can increase others' expectation for future interaction, thus being good for high social communication skills. Recent researches have shown that two kinds of inequity aversion in preschoolers have different developmental trends: preschoolers' advantageous inequity aversion develops continuously while preschoolers' disadvantageous inequity aversion keeps a stable level. We explored the internal factor(false belief understanding) and external factor(reputation) which may affect 4-5 year-olds' development of advantageous inequity aversion. With the reputation condition as a between subject factor, 45 4-5 years old children all completed one revised dictator game in the absence of peers and a first-order false belief task. Results showed that:(1)4 to 5 years old children's advantageous inequity aversion was not mature, the occurrence rate developed from 62.7% to 80.8% and the mean score increased from 1.300 to 1.654 without a significant difference;(2)importantly, children who passed the false belief task showed more advantageous inequity aversion than those who didn't pass the false belief task, indicating a positive correlation between false belief understanding and advantageous inequity aversion;(3)while no correlation was found between reputation and advantageous inequity aversion. Our results suggest that 4-5 years old children's development of advantageous inequity aversion may be mainly affected by the internal factors such as false belief understanding, supporting the two-mechanism account of the development of advantageous inequity aversion.
Inequity aversion refers to the resistance to inequitable results when one gets more benefit than others(advantageous inequity aversion) or less benefit than others(disadvantageous inequity aversion). As a prosocial behavior, inequity aversion can increase others' expectation for future interaction, thus being good for high social communication skills. Recent researches have shown that two kinds of inequity aversion in preschoolers have different developmental trends: preschoolers' advantageous inequity aversion develops continuously while preschoolers' disadvantageous inequity aversion keeps a stable level. We explored the internal factor(false belief understanding) and external factor(reputation) which may affect 4-5 year-olds' development of advantageous inequity aversion. With the reputation condition as a between subject factor, 45 4-5 years old children all completed one revised dictator game in the absence of peers and a first-order false belief task. Results showed that:(1)4 to 5 years old children's advantageous inequity aversion was not mature, the occurrence rate developed from 62.7% to 80.8% and the mean score increased from 1.300 to 1.654 without a significant difference;(2)importantly, children who passed the false belief task showed more advantageous inequity aversion than those who didn't pass the false belief task, indicating a positive correlation between false belief understanding and advantageous inequity aversion;(3)while no correlation was found between reputation and advantageous inequity aversion. Our results suggest that 4-5 years old children's development of advantageous inequity aversion may be mainly affected by the internal factors such as false belief understanding, supporting the two-mechanism account of the development of advantageous inequity aversion.
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