摘要
我国植物新品种保护始于1999年,已初步形成了由农业部和国家林业局主导的我国植物新品种保护机构体系框架。农、林系统共公布了336种属的保护名录,其中农业部保护名录中有33种为观赏植物,国家林业局的保护名录中的种属大多数可供观赏。农业系统中观赏植物申请量较少,仅占申请总量的约7%,远少于大田作物(占总申请量的83%)。但国外申请较多,约占申请总量的38%,远高于大田作物的比例。我国观赏植物DUS测试研究相对滞后,目前已经完成约130多个DUS测试指南的编制(农业部分完成了47个,列入农业保护名录的观赏植物均已完成了测试指南编制),部分指南作为行业标准发布。本文在论述我国观赏植物新品种保护和DUS测试指南研究的现状的基础上,对测试指南编制过程中标准品种的收集与保存、性状的筛选等方面存在的问题提出了建议,展望了分子标记、自动化辅助测试技术等新技术和方法在植物DUS测试中的应用。
In 1999 the protection of new varieties of plants was initiated formally in China.Ministry of Agriculture and the State Forestry Bureau are jointly responsible for the receipt and examination of applications,and for granting rights in new varieties of plants.The national catalogue of protected plant varieties has 336 genera and species,includes 33 ornamental plants in agricultural protection catalogue.Most of species in the forestal protection list can be planted as ornamental.To Ministry of Agriculture,ornamental species account for only a little number of applications(approximately 7%),behind of crop species(83%),38%of which were applied from foreign company or individual,it is higher than that of field crops.DUS testing research of ornamental plant fell behind.At present about 130 of DUS testing guidelines were compiled,47 guidelines are released by Ministry of Agriculture,all ornamental plants listed in agricultural protection catalogue have their DUS test guideline,some ones were published as the industrial standard.The ornamental plant new varieties protection and the status of drafting DUS testing guidelines in China were summarized in this paper,some suggestion about the coEection and preservation of standard varieties,the selection of testing characteristics are proposed.The use prospect of new the technology and method,such as molecular marker technology and automatic testing technology was raised also.
引文
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