城市风道的规划响应研究
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摘要
城市风道因其一定程度上能够缓解热岛效应、改善空气质量、提高人体舒适度,而成为国内热点研究之一。鉴于现阶段国内风道规划侧重于规划研究,其规划落实还处于初步探索阶段,本文梳理了城市风道规划研究的框架,以及这种研究框架下可能提供的规划支撑,并提出应结合城市所处的发展阶段,从可操作性角度来确定城市风道规划重点的规划响应思路。接着以存量型城市福州和增量型城市漳州为例,分别分析两个城市在规划响应上的侧重点。得出福州的规划响应重点应在于控制,控制入风口及廊道空间的建设,以及重视新建项目和旧城改造项目的通风评估;漳州的规划响应重点在于引导,引导城市建设预留风道,并同时对入风口和廊道空间的建设进行控制。最后,讨论了本文所涉及的风道规划研究方法存在的一些局限性,指出了后续可深入研究的方向。
引文
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[2]Kalnay E,Cai M.Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate[J].Nature,2003,423(6939):528-531.
[3]Zhou L M,Dickinson R E,Tian Y H,et al.Evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate in China[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(26):9540-9544.
[4]Fenger J.Urban air quality[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(29):4877-4900.
[5]Grimm N B,Faeth S H,Golubiewski N E,et al.Global change and the ecology of cities[J].Science,2008,319(5864):756-760.
[6]He K B,Huo H,Zhang Q.Urban air pollution in China:Current status,characteristics,and progress[J].Annual Review of Energy and the Environment,2002,27:397-431.
[7]Emmanuel R,Johansson E.Influence of urban morphology and sea breeze on hot humid microclimate:the case of Colombo,Sri Lanka[J].Climate Research,2006,30(3):189-200.
[8]Oke T R.STREET DESIGN AND URBAN CANOPY LAYER CLIMATE[J].Energy and Buildings,1988,11(1-3):103-113.
[9]张晓钰,郝日明,张明娟.城市通风道规划的基础性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,(S2):257-261.
[10]周淑贞,束炯.城市气候学[M].北京:气象出版社,1994.
[11]Ng E,Yuan C,Chen L,et al.Improving the wind environment in high-density cities by understanding urban morphology and surface roughness:A study in Hong Kong[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2011,101(1):59-74.
[12]周雪帆.城市空间形态对主城区气候影响研究[D].华中科技大学,2013.
[13]Grimmond C S B,Oke T R.Aerodynamic properties of urban areas derived,from analysis of surface form[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1999,38(9):1262-1292.
[14]Gal T,Unger J.Detection of ventilation paths using high-resolution roughness parameter mapping in a large urban area[J].Building and Environment,2009,44(1):198-206.
[15]Wong M S,Nichol J E,To P H,et al.A simple method for designation of urban ventilation corridors and its application to urban heat island analysis[J].Building and Environment,2010,45(8):1880-1889.
[16]杨俊宴,张涛,谭瑛.城市风环境研究的技术演进及其评价体系整合[J].南方建筑,2014,No.161(03):31-38.
[17]Eliasson I.The use of climate knowledge in urban planning[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,48(1-2):31-44.
[18]李军,荣颖.武汉市城市风道构建及其设计控制引导[J].规划师,2014,(08):115-120.
[19]任超,袁超,何正军,吴恩融.城市通风廊道研究及其规划应用[J].城市规划学刊,2014,(03):52-60.
[20]詹庆明,欧阳婉璐,金志诚,章莉.基于RS和GIS的城市通风潜力研究与规划指引[J].规划师,2015,(11):95-99.