氢储能技术在全球能源互联网中的应用研究
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摘要
全球能源互联网由跨洲、跨国骨干网架和各国各电压等级电网构成,以高比例的可再生能源发电为主要特征之一,储能技术将得到规模化的广泛应用。氢储能及其利用技术具有能量密度高、无污染、可持续等特征,储电和发电过程无需分时操作,且理论上能够存储多少氢气/合成气/合成油就能储存多大规模的能量,是仅有的能够储存百GWh以上且可维持几周供电的能量储备技术方式,具有广阔的发展潜力和应用前景,对确保全球能源互联网系统的安全稳定具有不可或缺的作用。本报告从氢储能及利用相关技术现状入手,介绍今后可能的技术发展趋势,以及电-氢-电转化及应用模式。进一步结合全球能源互联大背景,梳理氢储能技术在规模化应用中可能面临的问题,如电网/管网适配技术、电网效率及能源相容问题、电网及燃料网的联合与统一。最后,针对目前的电网发展提出建议,呼吁加大氢储能基础技术研发及相关政策跟进。
Global energy internet will be dominated by clean energy, electricity centered. The trend of energy conversion and utilization technology will be driven towards high efficiency and low carbon. Hydrogen, as a flexible "green" energy carrier, will be one of the main carrier of energy in the future, and will play an important role in electric power system. The hydrogen storage is a sustainable technology which has the advantages of high energy density and zero emission. Compare with other large scale energy storage technologies, theoretically, the hydrogen storage technology could store energy as much as the container can, which would be the only energy storage method that can store energy at 100 GWh scale and constantly provide power energy for a couple of weeks. At present, Europe, US and Japan have all drawn up the hydrogen energy development strategies and detailed plans. There are also some problems and challenges to be solved in the long run. By the breakthrough of key technologies, the interconnection between the electric and gas grid will be realized and it will provide technical support to establish a high flexible, high reliability, and green low-carbon global energy internet.
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