2015年“十一”期间北京市大气重污染分析
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摘要
采用垂直观测、地面观测、PM_(2.5)化学组分观测和气团轨迹分析等手段,对2015年10月份北京市一次空气重污染过程进行了分析。结果表明,重污染时近地面层气溶胶消光系数升高,污染物主要积聚在600 m以下。重污染期间气象要素特征为:风场弱,湿度大,地面受弱气压场控制,边界层高度极低。重污染期间不同站点PM_(2.5)浓度变化趋势和峰值出现时间较为一致;大部分时段PM_(2.5)中NO_3~-浓度明显高于其他组分;周边区域受重污染的影响面积相对较小,高浓度区主要集中在北京市及近周边地区。多手段的观测结果表明:区域传输,包括秸秆焚烧,对本次北京市重污染过程具有一定的影响,但本地机动车排放在不利气象条件下的积累、二次转化以及垂直方向空间的极端压缩是导致重污染的主要原因。北京市及周边地区大气污染防治是一个长期性、艰巨性的过程。
引文
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[4]Wang Z,Li Y,Chen T,et al.Ground-level ozone in urban Beijing over a 1-year period:Temporal variations and relationship to atmospheric oxidation[J].Atmospheric Research,2015,164-165:110-117.
[5]Zhang W,Capps S L,Hu Y,et al.Development of the high-order decoupled direct method in three dimensions for particulate matter:enabling advanced sensitivity analysis in air quality models[J].Geoscientific Model Development,2012,5(2):355-368.
[6]Duan F K,Liu X D,Yu T,et al.Identification and estimate of biomass burning contribution to the urban aerosol organic carbon concentrations in Beijing[J].Atmos.Environ.,2004,38:1275-1282.
[7]Young C L,Sokolik I N,Dufek J.Regional radiative impact of volcanic aerosol from the 2009 eruption of Mt.Redoubt[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,2011,11(8):26691-26740.
[8]赵阳,邵敏,王琛,等.被动采样监测珠江三角洲NO_X、SO_2和O_3的空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):324-329.
[9]王占山,李云婷,陈添,等.北京市臭氧的时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,12:4446-4453.