大学生自杀的特点、原因及干预策略
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- 英文论文题名：The Characteristics,Causes and Intervention Strategies of College Students Suicide
- 论文作者：吴晶 ; 姚本先
- 英文论文作者：Wu Jing ; Yao Ben-xian ; College of Educational Science ; Anhui Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：安徽师范大学教育科学学院;
- 论文关键词：大学生 ; 自杀 ; 特点 ; 原因 ; 干预策略
- 英文论文关键词：college students ; suicide ; characteristic ; causes ; intervention strategies
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B848
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：766k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
大学生自杀是一个社会各界广泛关注的社会问题。近年来,大学生中自杀死亡的人数呈逐年上升趋势,这对社会的危害与后果极为严重。有调查表明,自杀已成为15至34岁青少年中第一位的死亡原因。据WHO估计,全球每年有100万以上的人自杀身亡,中国在20万以上,而大学生自杀率为同龄一般人口的2-4倍。本文首先从大学生的自杀时间的集中性、自杀原因的集中性、自杀学生年级分布的集中性、自杀手段的集中性以及自杀性别上的差异性的五个特点进行分析,接着分析了大学生自杀的原因,发现主要原因包括内部因素和外部因素,内部因素包括认知方面的偏差、自身的人格障碍、心理承受能力差以及大学生情绪发展的两极性等四个方面;外部因素包括家庭因素,学校因素和社会因素。最后阐述了自杀的预防策略,即在发挥大学生主体因素的同时,充分发挥家庭、学校、社会等外部力量的辅助作用。预防有前期预防、危机干预和自杀后干预三个阶段。具体主要是在大学生心理健康教育中增加自杀预防的内容、增强大学生的抗挫折能力、建立有效的自杀危机干预体系、强化大学生的生命观以及建立健全心理咨询机构等。
College students suicide is a widespread problem, because college students live in special groups, so they commit suicide caused widespread concern in the community. In recent years, the number of students die by suicide were increasing, the harm to society and the very serious consequences. In recent years, the number of college students committed suicide were increasing, and the harm and consequences to society is very serious. A survey show that suicide has become the 15-34 years old in the first cause of death. According to the WHO estimate, there are more than one million people committed suicide per year all over the world, and the number of China is above 200 thousand, thereinto college students suicide rate is 2-4 times of the general population of the same age. Firstly concentration of university students departure from a centralized suicide of time, concentration causes of suicide, suicide-grade students distributed, centralized of the means of suicide, and suicide gender difference, these five characteristics. Then analyzing the cause of suicide, there are two types of internal and external factors. Internal factors are divided into cognitive bias, own personality disorders, poor mental endurance, and emotional development of bipolar. External factors are divided into family, school and society. Finally, elaborate suicide prevention strategies that students play the main factor in giving full play to the secondary role of families, schools, community and other external forces. Preventing has the early prevention, crisis intervention and after-suicide intervention. Concretely, add content in suicide prevention in mental health education, enhance ability to resist setback college students, establish effective suicide crisis intervention system, strengthen college students view of life, and establish and improve the psychological counseling agencies. Suicide prevention strategies should be multilevel and three-dimensional, so that can be a good university student suicide prevention.
College students suicide is a widespread problem, because college students live in special groups, so they commit suicide caused widespread concern in the community. In recent years, the number of students die by suicide were increasing, the harm to society and the very serious consequences. In recent years, the number of college students committed suicide were increasing, and the harm and consequences to society is very serious. A survey show that suicide has become the 15-34 years old in the first cause of death. According to the WHO estimate, there are more than one million people committed suicide per year all over the world, and the number of China is above 200 thousand, thereinto college students suicide rate is 2-4 times of the general population of the same age. Firstly concentration of university students departure from a centralized suicide of time, concentration causes of suicide, suicide-grade students distributed, centralized of the means of suicide, and suicide gender difference, these five characteristics. Then analyzing the cause of suicide, there are two types of internal and external factors. Internal factors are divided into cognitive bias, own personality disorders, poor mental endurance, and emotional development of bipolar. External factors are divided into family, school and society. Finally, elaborate suicide prevention strategies that students play the main factor in giving full play to the secondary role of families, schools, community and other external forces. Preventing has the early prevention, crisis intervention and after-suicide intervention. Concretely, add content in suicide prevention in mental health education, enhance ability to resist setback college students, establish effective suicide crisis intervention system, strengthen college students view of life, and establish and improve the psychological counseling agencies. Suicide prevention strategies should be multilevel and three-dimensional, so that can be a good university student suicide prevention.
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