凉山田烟和山地烟土壤氮素矿化及酶活性变化
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摘要
试验采用标准好气培养法,选择凉山种植烤烟的田烟和山地烟地为供试土壤,设置不施肥、施无机肥,无机有机肥配施及单施有机肥四种处理,研究了两种土壤的氮素矿化特性及相关酶活性。结果表明,在培养前期(0~45d),矿化率山地烟地显著高于田烟地;但45d后二者趋于相似,表明土地利用方式显著改变了土壤氮素矿化率。在烤烟栽培过程中,田烟地应适量增加基肥中的速效无机肥,提早追肥。土壤矿化量施纯无机肥>有机肥配施>纯有机肥>不施肥,说明施肥方式可以调控土壤氮素释放。田烟地NO_3~--N显著低于山地烟地,表明田烟地硝化细菌的种群、数量、活性可能低于山地烟地。此外,山地烟地脲酶、蛋白酶和转化酶活性分别高于田烟地61.35%、38.23%和25.53%;施用有机肥显著提高土壤酶的活性,但三种土壤酶的活性与氮素矿化率均无显著相关。
引文
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[2]Richardson A E,Barea J M,Mc Neill A M,et al.Acquisition of phosphorus and nitrogen in the rhizosphere and plant growth promotion by microorganisms.Plant and Soil,2009 321(1-2):305-3-39.
[3]Zakarauskaite D.,Vai?vila Z.,Motuzas A.The influence of long-term application of mineral fertilizers on the biological activity of Cambisols.Ekologija,2008,54,173-178.
[4]Kozdroj J,van Elsas JD,et al.Response of the bacterial community to root exudates in soil polluted with heavy metals assessed by molecular and cultural app roaches.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2000,32(10):1405-1417.
[5]Balezentiene L and Klimas E.Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers and land management on soil enzyme activities.Agronomy Research,2009,7(Special issue I):191-197.
[6]Yuan L.Huang J G.and Yu S Q.Responses of nitrogen and related enzyme activities to fertilization in the rhizosphere of wheat.Pedosphere,1997,7(2):141-148.
[7]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社.1999.
[8]Snapp S S,Borden H.Enhanced nitrogen mineralization in mowed or glyphosate treated cover crops compared to direct incorporation.Plant Soil,2005,270:101-112.
[9]Zaman M,Chang S X.Substrate type,temperature,and moisture content affect gross and net N mineralization and nitrification rates in a gross forestry systems.Biology and Fertile Soils,2004,39:269-279.