上海市停车换乘设施服务水平和社会公平性分析
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摘要
和其他特大城市一样,上海也面临着交通拥堵的问题。为了缓解交通拥堵问题,上海制定了一系列交通管理措施,停车换乘设施也在其中,但在实际运营中呈现冷热不均的现象。现选取4个P+R停车场,通过对P+R使用者出行特征和出行意愿的调查,研究P+R设施的服务水平,反思P+R设施实施的社会公平性。研究发现,P+R在服务水平仍有改进的空间,在社会公平性上,P+R仅仅满足了既有使用者的交通需求,对于确立公共交通主体地位影响不大,作为一项缓解交通拥堵的公共决策,实施结果也不甚理想,同时P+R的公共产品存在私有化的倾向。最后P+R系统优化、交通需求管理方面提出了初步改进意见。
引文
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[2]2014年全国已开通城轨交通线路长度统计表[EB/OL].http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mz A3Njg1NDIw OQ==&mid=204997973&idx=2&sn=bed68b7ad b1013f1d779a17a8ac12939&scene=1&from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0#rd
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[12]Parkhurst G,Richardson J.Modal Integration of Bus and Car in UK Local Transport Policy:The Case for Strategic Environmental Assessment[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2002(10):195-206.
[13]Meek S,Ison S,Enoch M.Role of Bus‐Based Park and Ride in the UK:A Temporal and Evaluative Review[J].Transport reviews,2008,28(6):781-803.
[14]潘海啸.多模式城市交通体系与方式间的转换[J].城市规划学刊,2013,6:012.
[15]Clayton W,Ben-Elia E,Parkhurst G,et al.Where to park?A behavioural comparison of bus Park and Ride and city centre car park usage in Bath,UK[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2014,36:124-133.
[16]刘俐,杜豫川,刘新.上海典型停车换乘选择行为研究[J].交通信息与安全ISTIC,2014(2).
[17]Katherine F.Turnbull,Richard H Pratt.TCRP Report 95.Ch.3-Park-and-ride and Park-and-pool[R].Federal Transit Administration in Cooperation with the Transit Development Corporation,2004
[18]Seik F T.Experiences from Singapore's park-and-ride scheme(1975-1996)[J].Habitat International,1997,21(4):427-443.
[19]Parkhurst G.Dedicated bus-based park and ride services and the demand for public transport[J].2001.
[20]Parkhurst G.The economic and modal-split impacts of short-range park and ride schemes:Evidence from nine UK cities[J].TRANSPORT STUDIES UNIT OXFORD UNIVERSITY-PUBLICATIONS-TSU-ALLSERIES-,1996.
[21]Whitfield S,Cooper B.The travel effects of park and ride[C]//PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLANNING ANDOPERATIONS.PROCEEDINGS OF SEMINAR F HELD AT THE EUROPEAN TRANSPORT CONFERENCE,LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY,ENGLAND,14-18 SEPTEMBER 1998.VOLUME P425.1998.
[22]Pratt R H,Coople J N.Traveler response to transportation system changes[J].1981.
[23]Bowler C E,Noel E,Peterson R,et al.Park-and-Ride Facilities-Guidelines for Planning,Design,and Operation[J].Federal Highway Administration,Washington,DC,1986.
1通过统计,上海市P+R 1km内出行比例比例约占9%
2无此次出行占20%
3无此次出行占14%
4数据来源:上海市第四次综合交通调查总报告
[2]2014年全国已开通城轨交通线路长度统计表[EB/OL].http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mz A3Njg1NDIw OQ==&mid=204997973&idx=2&sn=bed68b7ad b1013f1d779a17a8ac12939&scene=1&from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0#rd
[3]Bolger D,Colquhoun D,Morrall J.Planning and design of park-and-ride facilities for the Calgary light rail transit system[J].Transportation Research Record,1992:141-141.
[4]Shirgaokar M,Deakin E.Study of park-and-ride facilities and their use in the San Francisco Bay Area of California[J].Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2005,1927(1):46-54.
[5]Borhan M N,Rahmat R,Ismail A,et al.Prediction of traveling behavior in Putrajaya,Malaysia[J].Research Journal of Applied Sciences,Engineering and Technology,2011,3(5):434-439.
[6]Smith G C.Rail park and ride users[C]//TRANSPORT POLICY AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION.PROCEEDINGS OF SEMINAR F HELD AT THE PTRC EUROPEAN TRANSPORT,HIGHWAYS ANDPLANNING 21ST SUMMER ANNUAL MEETING(SEPTEMBER 13-17,1993),UMIST.VOLUME P368.1993.
[7]Parkhurst G,Stokes G.Park and ride in Oxford and York:Report of Surveys(1994)[J].1994.
[8]Bos I,Molin E,Timmermans H,et al.Cognition and relative importance underlying consumer valuation of park-and-ride facilities[J].Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2003,1835(1):121-127.
[9]Mahmassani H S,Jayakrishnan R.System performance and user response under real-time information in a congested traffic corridor[J].Transportation Research Part A:General,1991,25(5):293-307.
[10]Hamid N A,Mohamad J,Karim M R.Travel behavior of the Park and Ride users and the factors influencing the demand for the use of the Park and Ride facility[J].2008.
[11]Katherine F.Turnbull,Richard H Pratt.TCRP Report 95.Ch.3-Park-and-ride and Park-and-pool[R].Federal Transit Administration in Cooperation with the Transit Development Corporation,2004
[12]Parkhurst G,Richardson J.Modal Integration of Bus and Car in UK Local Transport Policy:The Case for Strategic Environmental Assessment[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2002(10):195-206.
[13]Meek S,Ison S,Enoch M.Role of Bus‐Based Park and Ride in the UK:A Temporal and Evaluative Review[J].Transport reviews,2008,28(6):781-803.
[14]潘海啸.多模式城市交通体系与方式间的转换[J].城市规划学刊,2013,6:012.
[15]Clayton W,Ben-Elia E,Parkhurst G,et al.Where to park?A behavioural comparison of bus Park and Ride and city centre car park usage in Bath,UK[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2014,36:124-133.
[16]刘俐,杜豫川,刘新.上海典型停车换乘选择行为研究[J].交通信息与安全ISTIC,2014(2).
[17]Katherine F.Turnbull,Richard H Pratt.TCRP Report 95.Ch.3-Park-and-ride and Park-and-pool[R].Federal Transit Administration in Cooperation with the Transit Development Corporation,2004
[18]Seik F T.Experiences from Singapore's park-and-ride scheme(1975-1996)[J].Habitat International,1997,21(4):427-443.
[19]Parkhurst G.Dedicated bus-based park and ride services and the demand for public transport[J].2001.
[20]Parkhurst G.The economic and modal-split impacts of short-range park and ride schemes:Evidence from nine UK cities[J].TRANSPORT STUDIES UNIT OXFORD UNIVERSITY-PUBLICATIONS-TSU-ALLSERIES-,1996.
[21]Whitfield S,Cooper B.The travel effects of park and ride[C]//PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLANNING ANDOPERATIONS.PROCEEDINGS OF SEMINAR F HELD AT THE EUROPEAN TRANSPORT CONFERENCE,LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY,ENGLAND,14-18 SEPTEMBER 1998.VOLUME P425.1998.
[22]Pratt R H,Coople J N.Traveler response to transportation system changes[J].1981.
[23]Bowler C E,Noel E,Peterson R,et al.Park-and-Ride Facilities-Guidelines for Planning,Design,and Operation[J].Federal Highway Administration,Washington,DC,1986.
1通过统计,上海市P+R 1km内出行比例比例约占9%
2无此次出行占20%
3无此次出行占14%
4数据来源:上海市第四次综合交通调查总报告