兰州市主城区PM_(2.5)时空分布特征及气象影响因素
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摘要
兰州市主城区作为兰州市人类活动同大气环境之间进行能量、质量、动量以及水汽交换的主要场所,大气颗粒物的时空分布对兰州市主城区环境产生着重要的影响。本文利用ArcGIS地统计分析和相关性分析对大气颗粒物的时空分布特征以及气象因素对其影响进行了探讨,研究发现:兰州市主城区PM2.5年平均质量浓度变化从2000—2015年整体上呈现出了逐渐降低的趋势。PM2.5空间分布空间污染格局呈现出了片状,带状和点状分布模式。风速和相对湿度对PM2.5质量浓度有着明显的影响。温度和大气压同PM2.5质量浓度不存在明显的相关关系,不是影响兰州市主城区PM2.5污染的直接因素。
引文
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[2]Doyle M,Dorling S.Visibility trends in the UK 1950~1997[J].Atmospheric Environment 2002,36:3161-3172.
[3]Feng Y C,Xue Y H,Chen X H,etal.Source apportionment of ambient total suspended particulates and coarse particulate matter in urban areas of Jiaozuo,China[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2007,57(5):561-575.
[4]Kong S F,Han B,Bai Z P,etal.Receptor modeling of PM_(2.5),PM_(10)and TSP in different seasons and long-range transport analysis at a coastal site of Tianjin,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408:4681-4694.
[5]Lai S C,Zou S C,Cao J J,etal.Characterizing ionic species in PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)in four Pearl River Delta cities,South China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19:939-947.
[6]Wang X H,Bi X H,Sheng G Y,etal.Chemical composition and sources of PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)aerosols in Guangzhou,china[J].Environmental Monitoring And Assessment 2006,119:425-439.
[7]Zhang Y X,Zhang Y M,Wang Y S,etal.PIXE characterization of PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)particulatematter collected during the winter season in Shanghai city[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2006,267:497-499.
[8]Wang G H,Huang L M,Gao S X,etal.Measurements of PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)in urban area of Nanjing,China and the assessment of pulmonary deposition of particle mass[J].Chemosphere,2002,48:689-695.
[9]Shao M,Tang X Y,Zhang Y H,etal.City clusters in China:air and Surface waterPollution[J].Frontiers in Ecology&the Environment,2006,4:353-361.
[10]Deng X J,Tie X X,Wu D,etal.Long-term trend of visibility and its characterizations in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region,China[J].Atmospheric Environment 2008,42:1424~1435.
[11]张保安,钱公望.中国灰霾历史渊源和现状分析.环境与可持续发展[J].2007,1:56-58.
[12]徐昶.中国特大城市气溶胶的理化特性、来源及其形成机制[D].上海:复旦大学,2010.
[13]林燕芬.大气气溶胶对能见度、云和降雨的影响机制[D].上海:复旦大学,2009.
[14]王式功,杨德保,尚可政,等.兰州市区冬半年低空风特征与空气污染物浓度的关系[J].兰州大学学报,1997,33(3):97-105.
[15]刘学红.浅析德州市气象因素对大气浓度的影响[J].山东环境,1991(5):26-27.
[16]高歌.1961-2005年中国霾Et气候特征及变化分析[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):761-768.
[17]蔡求源,崔斌,乔辉.气象因子对万寿西宫子站周边空气质量影响的灰色关联分析[A].中国环境保护优秀论文集[C].2005.632-634.
[18]冯建军,沈家芬,梁任重,等.广州市PM_(10)与气象要素分析[J].中国环境监测,2009,25(1):78-82.
[19]周江兴.北京市几种主要污染物浓度与气象要素的相关分析[J].应用气象学报,2005,16(增刊):123-127.
[20]赵璧,张建华,刘献辉,等.洛阳市大气污染特征与相关气象要素24小时变化分析[J].中国环境监测,2004,20(1):21-13.