不同烤烟种植模式的物质流、能量流及价值流分析
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- 英文论文题名：Materials, Energy and Value Flows Analysis of Different Tobacco Planting Patterns in Soutern Anhui Area
- 论文作者：张继光 ; 申国明 ; 张忠锋 ; 姚忠达 ; 季学军 ; 李维基 ; 郭东峰 ; 朱启法 ; 薛琳 ; 张福建
- 英文论文作者：ZHANG Jiguang ; SHEN Guoming ; ZHANG Zhongfeng ; YAO Zhongda ; JI Xuejun ; LI Weiji ; GUO Dongfeng ; ZHU Qifa ; XUE Lin ; ZHANG Fujian ; Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing ; Ministry of Agriculture ; China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co. ; Ltd. ; Anhui Wannan Tobacco Leaf Co. ; Ltd.
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：农业部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室中国农业科学院烟草研究所;安徽中烟工业有限责任公司;安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司;
- 论文关键词：皖南 ; 烤烟种植模式 ; 物质流 ; 能量流 ; 价值流
- 英文论文关键词：southern Anhui ; tobacco planting pattern ; material flow ; energy flow ; value flow
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
- 会议录名称：中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草农业主题
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S572
- 学会代码：ZGYG
- 学会名称：中国烟草学会
- 页数：7
- 文件大小：1296k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
确定合理的种植模式对提高烟田生态系统的生产效率,促进烟草农业的可持续发展十分重要。以皖南地区4种典型烤烟种植模式为研究对象,采取田间调查分析的方法,从农田生态系统的物质流、能量流和价值流角度研究了不同烤烟种植模式的氮磷钾投入产出、投能结构和价值转换及其数量特征。研究结果表明,各烤烟种植模式均需调控氮、磷肥的施用量及其肥料结构,提高其利用率,并在各烤烟轮作模式中重视钾肥施用及秸秆还田管理。在各作物中种植烤烟的有机能和无机能之比最高(0.71),且其投能组成中人力能最高,其次是化肥能及农机能。烟稻复种连作的T1模式其能量产投比最低,而烤烟轮作的T2模式最高。虽然T1模式的经济纯收入最高,但从价值产投比和物质及能量的高效利用角度综合考虑,烤烟—水稻→小麦—水稻→烤烟的2年轮作种植模式为皖南地区较优的烤烟种植模式,后续可进一步推广应用。
The reasonable choice of tobacco planting pattern is very important to improve the efficiency of tobacco field ecosystem and to promote the sustainable development of tobacco modern agriculture. In this study, the materials, energy and value flow characters of four tobacco planting patterns in Southern Anhui area were investigated, and the NPK input and output status, energy structure and value conversion efficiency were analyzed and discussed based on field investigation. The results showed that in all the planting patterns there was a need for decreasing the amounts of N, P fertilizers and increasing the fertilizer application efficiency. Meanwhile, the K fertilizer application and straw returning should be emphasized in the three tobacco rotation patterns. The ratio of organic energy to inorganic energy was the highest(0.71) in tobacco planting among all the studied crops planting, and the labor energy was the highest among the energy components. The fertilizer energy and agricultural machinery energy was the second. The tobacco-rice multiple cropping had the lowest of energy ratio of output to input, and the planting pattern of tobacco-rice→wheat-rice→tobacco had the highest value in the four tobacco planting patterns. Moreover, the tobacco-rice multiple cropping pattern had the highest net income per hectare, but the planting pattern of tobacco-rice→wheat-rice→tobacco in two years was the best of four planting patterns from the perspective of ratio of nutrients input to output, energy efficient utilization and the ratio of value input to output. The later should be promoted in a larger area in the Southern part of Anhui Province.
The reasonable choice of tobacco planting pattern is very important to improve the efficiency of tobacco field ecosystem and to promote the sustainable development of tobacco modern agriculture. In this study, the materials, energy and value flow characters of four tobacco planting patterns in Southern Anhui area were investigated, and the NPK input and output status, energy structure and value conversion efficiency were analyzed and discussed based on field investigation. The results showed that in all the planting patterns there was a need for decreasing the amounts of N, P fertilizers and increasing the fertilizer application efficiency. Meanwhile, the K fertilizer application and straw returning should be emphasized in the three tobacco rotation patterns. The ratio of organic energy to inorganic energy was the highest(0.71) in tobacco planting among all the studied crops planting, and the labor energy was the highest among the energy components. The fertilizer energy and agricultural machinery energy was the second. The tobacco-rice multiple cropping had the lowest of energy ratio of output to input, and the planting pattern of tobacco-rice→wheat-rice→tobacco had the highest value in the four tobacco planting patterns. Moreover, the tobacco-rice multiple cropping pattern had the highest net income per hectare, but the planting pattern of tobacco-rice→wheat-rice→tobacco in two years was the best of four planting patterns from the perspective of ratio of nutrients input to output, energy efficient utilization and the ratio of value input to output. The later should be promoted in a larger area in the Southern part of Anhui Province.
引文
[1]孟庆岩,王兆骞,姜曙千.我国热带地区胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究[J].自然资源学报,2000,15(1):61-65.
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[3]黄子蔚,杨德刚,李秀萍,等.塔里木河中下游农户能流分析及生态经济分形特征[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(3):308-312.
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[5]晋艳,杨宇虹,段玉琪,等.烤烟轮作、连作对烟叶产量质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2004,14(S1):267-271.
[6]谢云波,罗定棋,张永辉,等.不同种植模式对烤烟生长及产质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(32):15614-15616.
[7]时安东,李建伟,袁玲.轮间作系统对烤烟产量、品质和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,7(2):411-418.
[8]冯俊喜,王树声,石屹,等.山东烟区不同种植模式土壤微生物群落特征研究[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(4):38-42.
[9]雍太文,杨文钰,向达兵,等.不同种植模式对作物根系生长、产量及根际土壤微生物数量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):125-132.
[10]谢红梅,朱钟麟,郑家国,等.不同种植模式对水稻生长特性的影响[J].核农学报,2006,20(1):79-82.
[11]韦家建,刘永贤,杨丹月,等.南丹县不同烤烟轮作模式及其效应分析[J].现代农业科技,2009(13):15-16.
[12]刘成刚,黄强,邓铭瑞,等.岷江上游椒农间作模式能流、物流及价值流研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(1):116-122.
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[18]邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.长江流域油菜氮磷钾肥料利用率现状研究[J].作物学报,2011,37(4):729-734.
[19]李秀萍,韩剑萍,杨德刚.基于农户的农业生态系统能流分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1535-1540.
[20]顾怀胜,郭亮,曾中林,等.烤烟连作障碍的形成机制及调控技术研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2013(1):25-28.
[2]王兆骞,姜曙千.我国热带地区胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(2):172-174.
[3]黄子蔚,杨德刚,李秀萍,等.塔里木河中下游农户能流分析及生态经济分形特征[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(3):308-312.
[4]关淑琳,黄高宝,柴强,等.武威市凉州区农田生态系统能流、物流和价值流分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(3):156-160.
[5]晋艳,杨宇虹,段玉琪,等.烤烟轮作、连作对烟叶产量质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2004,14(S1):267-271.
[6]谢云波,罗定棋,张永辉,等.不同种植模式对烤烟生长及产质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(32):15614-15616.
[7]时安东,李建伟,袁玲.轮间作系统对烤烟产量、品质和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,7(2):411-418.
[8]冯俊喜,王树声,石屹,等.山东烟区不同种植模式土壤微生物群落特征研究[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(4):38-42.
[9]雍太文,杨文钰,向达兵,等.不同种植模式对作物根系生长、产量及根际土壤微生物数量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):125-132.
[10]谢红梅,朱钟麟,郑家国,等.不同种植模式对水稻生长特性的影响[J].核农学报,2006,20(1):79-82.
[11]韦家建,刘永贤,杨丹月,等.南丹县不同烤烟轮作模式及其效应分析[J].现代农业科技,2009(13):15-16.
[12]刘成刚,黄强,邓铭瑞,等.岷江上游椒农间作模式能流、物流及价值流研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(1):116-122.
[13]骆世明.农业生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:323-327,447-458.
[14]鲁如坤.我国典型地区农业生态系统养分循环和平衡研究(二)农田养分收入参数[J].土壤通报,1996,27(4):151-154.
[15]闻大中.农业生态系统能流的研究方法(一)[J].农业生态环境,1985,1(4):47-52.
[16]闻大中.农业生态系统能流的研究方法(二)[J].农业生态环境,1986,1(1):52-56.
[17]闻大中.农业生态系统能流的研究方法(三)[J].农业生态环境,1986,1(2):48-51.
[18]邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.长江流域油菜氮磷钾肥料利用率现状研究[J].作物学报,2011,37(4):729-734.
[19]李秀萍,韩剑萍,杨德刚.基于农户的农业生态系统能流分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1535-1540.
[20]顾怀胜,郭亮,曾中林,等.烤烟连作障碍的形成机制及调控技术研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2013(1):25-28.