2001-2013年我国稀土资源开发生态环境成本与效益评估
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- 论文作者：马国霞 ; 朱文泉 ; 王晓君 ; 周夏飞 ; 於方
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：环境保护部环境规划院;北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室;北京师范大学资源学院;中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所;
- 论文关键词：稀土资源 ; 生态环境成本 ; 成本-效益 ; 空间差异
- 会议召开时间：2016-10-14
- 会议录名称：2016中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集（第一卷）
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of 2016 Annual Meeting of Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：F426;X196;X753
- 学会代码：HJKP
- 会议名称：中国环境科学学会2016年学术年会
- 会议地点：中国海南海口
- 主办单位：中国环境科学学会
- 学会名称：中国环境科学学会
- 页数：12
- 文件大小：871k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
科学评估稀土资源开发的生态环境成本是我国稀土资源可持续开发战略制定和稀土市场定价机制改革的客观要求。本文利用遥感影像解译数据、污染源普查数据、污染源动态更新数据、稀土统计数据等多种数据源,考虑"北轻南重"的稀土资源特性,构建了我国稀土资源开采和冶炼的生态破坏损失和环境污染损失核算框架,定量评估了2001-2013年我国三大稀土生产基地稀土资源开发的生态环境成本,并将其与经济效益进行了对比分析。结果表明:1)2001-2013年我国稀土资源开发的生态环境总成本为761.7亿元,其中,开采导致的生态破坏损失为721.8亿元,冶炼导致的环境治理成本为39.9亿元;2)我国三大类稀土矿中,北方包头白云鄂博氟碳铈-独居石混合型稀土矿稀土开发利用的生态环境损失以冶炼造成的环境污染损失为主,环境污染治理成本为25.5亿元,占包头矿生态环境总成本的74.3%。四川和山东微山氟碳铈矿和南方七省区离子吸附型稀土矿以开采导致的生态破坏损失为主,分别为54.3亿元和658.6亿元,占各自生态环境总成本的89.5%和98.8%;3)南方七省区离子吸附型稀土矿开采单位稀土氧化物生态环境成本大,是四川和山东微山氟碳铈矿的9.6倍,是包头白云鄂博氟碳铈-独居石混合型稀土矿的41.4倍;4)我国稀土开发生态环境成本占其价格的45%以上,如果考虑稀土稀缺性成本和生态环境成本,在现有的市场价格下,我国稀土产业利润为负。
引文
[1]CHEN Z H.Global rare earth resources and scenarios of future rare earth industry.Journal of rare earths,2011,29(1):1-6
[2]车丽萍,余永富.我国稀土矿选矿生产现状及选矿技术发展.稀土,2006,27(1):95-102.[CHE L P,Yu Y F.Development progress and research connotation of Green Chemistry of extraction process of Rare Earth from weathering crust elution-deposited Rare Earth Ores in China.Chinese Rare Earths,2006,27(1):95-102.]
[3]何家凤.我国稀土价格波动的特点及成因分析.价格理论与实践,2012(2):42-43.[HE J F.Analysis of characteristics and reasons of China's rare earth price fluctuations.Price.Theory&Practice,2012(2):42-43.]
[4]邢斐,何欢浪,金梦等.下游国的贸易报复与中国稀土出口政策.世界经济,2012(8):92-114.[XING F,HE H L,JIN M,et al.The downstream countries trade retaliation and China's rare earth export policy.The Journal of World Economy,2012(8):92-114.]
[5]中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.中国的稀土状况与政策.人民出版社,2012.[The Information Office of the State Council of the people's Republic of China.Status and policy of rare earth in China.Chinese People's Publishing House,2012]
[6]曾先峰,李国平,汪海洲.基于完全成本的碳酸稀土理论价格研究-兼论中国稀土资源定价机制改革[J].财经研究,2012(9):134-144.[ZENG XF,Li Guoping,WANG H Z.Theoretical price of rare earth carbonate based on full cost:analysis on the reform of pricing mechanism of rare earth resources in China.Journal of Finance&Economics,2012(9):134-144.]
[7]王国珍.我国稀土采选冶炼环境污染及对减少污染的建议.四川稀土,2006(3):2-8.[WANG G Z.The environmental contamination of rare earth smelting in China and the suggestion for reducing it.Sichuan Rare Earth,2006(3):2-8.]
[8]方虹,王红霞.基于全成本视角的中国稀土贸易代价及战略调整研究.财贸经济,2014(3):80-90.[FANG H,WANG H X.Research on costs of rare earths trade and adjustment of strategies from full cost perspective.Finance&Trade Economics,2014(3):80-90.]
[9]宋文飞,李国平,韩先锋.稀土定价权缺失、理论机理及制度解释.中国工业经济,2011(10):46-55.[SONG W F,LI G P,HAN X F.Missed pricing power over rare earth:theoretical mechanism and system explanation.China Industrial Economics,2011(10):46-55.]
[10]周夏飞,朱文泉,马国霞等.稀土矿开采导致的植被净初级生产力损失遥感评估-以江西省赣州市为例.遥感技术与应用,2016,31(2):307-315.[ZHOU X F,ZHU W Q,MA G X,et al.Assessing the vegetation net primary productivity loss resulted from the mining of rare earth ore Based on remote sensing technology-a case study in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province,Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2016,31(2):307-315.]
[11]周夏飞,朱文泉,马国霞等.江西省赣州市稀土矿开采导致的水土保持价值损失评估,自然资源学报,2016,31(6):982-993.[ZHOU X F,ZHU W Q,MA G X,et al.Assessing the loss value of soil and water conservation resulted from the mining of rare earth ore in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province.Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(6):982-993.]
[12]曹东,於方,朱文泉等.遥感技术支持下的草地生态系统破坏经济损失评价.环境科学学报,2011,31(8):1799-1807.[CAO D,YU F,ZHU W Q,et al.Valuation of economic losses from grassland ecosystem degradation using remote sensing data.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(8):1799-1807.]
[13]段锦,康慕谊,江源.东江流域生态系统服务价值变化研究.自然资源学报,2012,27(1):91-103.[DUAN J,KANG M Y,JIANG Y.Dynamic valuation on ecosystem services of dongjiang river basin.Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(1):91-103.]
[14]黄道京.姑婆山森林生态系统服务功能评价.内蒙古林业调查设计,2015,38(2):36-38.[Huang Daojing.Evaluation on ecosystem service function of guposhan forest.Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design,2015,38(2):36-38.]
[15]国家林业局.中华人民共和国林业行业标准:森林生态系统服务功能评估规范.中国标准出版社,2008.[State Forestry Administration.China forestry industry standard of the People's Republic of China:specification for assessment of forest ecosystem service function.China Standard Press 2008.]
[16]苏茂新,陈克龙,李双成等.西宁市城市植被生态系统服务功能价值研究.环境科学与管理,2010,35(5):138-142.[Su M X,CHEN K L,LI S C,et al.Economic value of urban vegetation ecosystem services:A case study in xining.Environmental Science and Management,2010,35(5):138-142.]
[17]第一次全国污染源普查资料编纂委员会.污染源普查产排污系数手册.中国环境科学出版社,2011.[Compilation Committee of the first national census of pollution sources Pollution Source Census.Handbook of pollutant discharge coefficient for pollution sources census.China Environmental Science Press,2011]
[18]苏文清.中国稀土产业经济分析与政策研究.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2009.[SU W Q.Analysis of China's rare earth industry economic and policy research.Beijing:China Financial and Economic Publishing House,2009.]
[19]赖丹,王黄茜.完全与不完全成本下的稀土企业收益比较研究:以南方离子型稀土企业为例.中国矿业,2014(1):50-53.[LAI D,WANG H Q.Benefit comparison between the full and incomplete costs of rare earth enterprise-take ion-type rare earth enterprise in southern of China as an example.China Mining Magazine,2014(1):50-53.]
[2]车丽萍,余永富.我国稀土矿选矿生产现状及选矿技术发展.稀土,2006,27(1):95-102.[CHE L P,Yu Y F.Development progress and research connotation of Green Chemistry of extraction process of Rare Earth from weathering crust elution-deposited Rare Earth Ores in China.Chinese Rare Earths,2006,27(1):95-102.]
[3]何家凤.我国稀土价格波动的特点及成因分析.价格理论与实践,2012(2):42-43.[HE J F.Analysis of characteristics and reasons of China's rare earth price fluctuations.Price.Theory&Practice,2012(2):42-43.]
[4]邢斐,何欢浪,金梦等.下游国的贸易报复与中国稀土出口政策.世界经济,2012(8):92-114.[XING F,HE H L,JIN M,et al.The downstream countries trade retaliation and China's rare earth export policy.The Journal of World Economy,2012(8):92-114.]
[5]中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.中国的稀土状况与政策.人民出版社,2012.[The Information Office of the State Council of the people's Republic of China.Status and policy of rare earth in China.Chinese People's Publishing House,2012]
[6]曾先峰,李国平,汪海洲.基于完全成本的碳酸稀土理论价格研究-兼论中国稀土资源定价机制改革[J].财经研究,2012(9):134-144.[ZENG XF,Li Guoping,WANG H Z.Theoretical price of rare earth carbonate based on full cost:analysis on the reform of pricing mechanism of rare earth resources in China.Journal of Finance&Economics,2012(9):134-144.]
[7]王国珍.我国稀土采选冶炼环境污染及对减少污染的建议.四川稀土,2006(3):2-8.[WANG G Z.The environmental contamination of rare earth smelting in China and the suggestion for reducing it.Sichuan Rare Earth,2006(3):2-8.]
[8]方虹,王红霞.基于全成本视角的中国稀土贸易代价及战略调整研究.财贸经济,2014(3):80-90.[FANG H,WANG H X.Research on costs of rare earths trade and adjustment of strategies from full cost perspective.Finance&Trade Economics,2014(3):80-90.]
[9]宋文飞,李国平,韩先锋.稀土定价权缺失、理论机理及制度解释.中国工业经济,2011(10):46-55.[SONG W F,LI G P,HAN X F.Missed pricing power over rare earth:theoretical mechanism and system explanation.China Industrial Economics,2011(10):46-55.]
[10]周夏飞,朱文泉,马国霞等.稀土矿开采导致的植被净初级生产力损失遥感评估-以江西省赣州市为例.遥感技术与应用,2016,31(2):307-315.[ZHOU X F,ZHU W Q,MA G X,et al.Assessing the vegetation net primary productivity loss resulted from the mining of rare earth ore Based on remote sensing technology-a case study in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province,Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2016,31(2):307-315.]
[11]周夏飞,朱文泉,马国霞等.江西省赣州市稀土矿开采导致的水土保持价值损失评估,自然资源学报,2016,31(6):982-993.[ZHOU X F,ZHU W Q,MA G X,et al.Assessing the loss value of soil and water conservation resulted from the mining of rare earth ore in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province.Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(6):982-993.]
[12]曹东,於方,朱文泉等.遥感技术支持下的草地生态系统破坏经济损失评价.环境科学学报,2011,31(8):1799-1807.[CAO D,YU F,ZHU W Q,et al.Valuation of economic losses from grassland ecosystem degradation using remote sensing data.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(8):1799-1807.]
[13]段锦,康慕谊,江源.东江流域生态系统服务价值变化研究.自然资源学报,2012,27(1):91-103.[DUAN J,KANG M Y,JIANG Y.Dynamic valuation on ecosystem services of dongjiang river basin.Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(1):91-103.]
[14]黄道京.姑婆山森林生态系统服务功能评价.内蒙古林业调查设计,2015,38(2):36-38.[Huang Daojing.Evaluation on ecosystem service function of guposhan forest.Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design,2015,38(2):36-38.]
[15]国家林业局.中华人民共和国林业行业标准:森林生态系统服务功能评估规范.中国标准出版社,2008.[State Forestry Administration.China forestry industry standard of the People's Republic of China:specification for assessment of forest ecosystem service function.China Standard Press 2008.]
[16]苏茂新,陈克龙,李双成等.西宁市城市植被生态系统服务功能价值研究.环境科学与管理,2010,35(5):138-142.[Su M X,CHEN K L,LI S C,et al.Economic value of urban vegetation ecosystem services:A case study in xining.Environmental Science and Management,2010,35(5):138-142.]
[17]第一次全国污染源普查资料编纂委员会.污染源普查产排污系数手册.中国环境科学出版社,2011.[Compilation Committee of the first national census of pollution sources Pollution Source Census.Handbook of pollutant discharge coefficient for pollution sources census.China Environmental Science Press,2011]
[18]苏文清.中国稀土产业经济分析与政策研究.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2009.[SU W Q.Analysis of China's rare earth industry economic and policy research.Beijing:China Financial and Economic Publishing House,2009.]
[19]赖丹,王黄茜.完全与不完全成本下的稀土企业收益比较研究:以南方离子型稀土企业为例.中国矿业,2014(1):50-53.[LAI D,WANG H Q.Benefit comparison between the full and incomplete costs of rare earth enterprise-take ion-type rare earth enterprise in southern of China as an example.China Mining Magazine,2014(1):50-53.]