不同干扰因素对浅水湖泊生态系统稳态转换过程的影响研究
详细信息 查看官网全文
摘要
长期的外界干扰或者短期的强干扰会使浅水湖泊生态系统结构和功能发生突然的变化,即稳态转换,其机制的研究是湖泊富营养化控制和修复的重点。通过对浅水湖泊系统结构动态变化的监测,研究了复合菌剂和有效氯两种干扰对浅水湖泊生态系统稳态转换过程的影响。结果表明:复合菌剂和有效氯都对系统干扰作用效果显著,第15周投入200kg复合菌剂,浮游动物数量显著增加(P<0.05),叶绿素a浓度显著降低(P<0.05),但一周后,作用效果减弱,系统处于"藻型浊水"稳态;20-21周,每天均匀投放83g有效氯,叶绿素a和附生藻初级生产率显著降低(P<0.05),系统恢复到"草型清水"稳态。结论:生物复合菌剂对系统干扰作用效果显著且持续时间长,但强度较弱;有效氯干扰力度强但作用时间短,稳定性差,持续的干扰作用使系统恢复到"草型清水"稳态。
引文
[1]年跃刚,宋英伟,李英杰,等.富营养化浅水湖泊稳态转换理论与生态恢复探讨[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(1):67-70.
[2]Troell M,Pihl L,Ronnback P,et al.Regim。e shifts and ecosystem services in Swedish coastal soft bottom habitats:when resilience is undesirable[J].Ecology and Society,1989,10(1):30.
[3]Smith V H,Schindler D W.Eutrophication science:where do we go from here?[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2009,24(4):201-207.
[4]Scheffer M,Carpenter S,Foley J A,et al.Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems[J].Nature,2001,413(6856):591-596.
[5]de Tezanos Pinto P,O’Farrell I.Regime shifts between free-floating plants and phytoplankton:a review[J].Hydrobiologia,2014,740(1):13-24.
[6]Ratajczak Z,Nippert J B,Ocheltree T W.Abrupt transition of mesic grassland to shrubland:evidence for thresholds,alternative attractors,and regime shifts[J].Ecology,2014,95(9):2633-2645.
[7]Scheffer M,Carpenter S,Foley J A,et al.Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems[J].Nature,2001,413(6856):591-596.
[8]Conley D J,Paerl H W,Howarth R W,et al.Controlling eutrophication:nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Science,2009,323(5917):1014-1015.
[9]Sagrario G,María A,Jeppesen E,et al.Does high nitrogen loading prevent clear‐water conditions in shallow lakes at moderately high phosphorus concentrations?[J].Freshwater Biology,2005,50(1):27-41.
[10]胡菊香,吴生桂,胡传林,等.生物水净化剂对养殖水质及饵料生物的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(11):24-27.
[11]闫喜武,吕波.有效氯对浮游植物生长的影响[J].水产科学,1998,17(5):17-22.
[12]Sánchez M L,Lagomarsino L,Allende L,et al.Changes in the phytoplankton structure in a Pampean shallow lake in the transition from a clear to a turbid regime[J].Hydrobiologia,2015,752(1):65-76.
[13]Randsalu-Wendrup L,Conley D J,Carstensen J,et al.Ecological regime shifts in Lake K?lksj?n,Sweden,in response to abrupt climate change around the 8.2 ka cooling event[J].Ecosystems,2012,15(8):1336-1350.
[14]Mills E.Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems:Pattern and Variation[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2004,133(6):1540-1540.
[15]Hastings A,Wysham D B.Regime shifts in ecological systems can occur with no warning[J].Ecology letters,2010,13(4):464-472.
[16]秦伯强.湖泊生态恢复的基本原理与实现[J].生态学报,2007,27(11).
[17]Endo T,Nakano M.Influence of a probiotic on productivity,meat components,lipidmetabolism,caecal flora and metabolites,and raising environment in broiler production[J].Anim Sci J,1999,70(4):207-218.
[18]闫喜武,吕波.有效氯对浮游植物生长的影响[J].水产科学,1998,17(5):17-22.
[19]水生态学实验[M].暨南大学出版社,2013.
[20]钱君龙,张连弟,乐美麟.过硫酸盐消化法测定土壤全氮全磷[J].土壤,1990,22(5):258-262.
[21]国家环境保护局.水与废水监测分析方法编委会[M].水与废水监测分析方法(第4版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[22]Namsivayam S K R,Narendrakumar G,Kumar J A.Evaluation of Effective Microorganism(EM)for treatment of domestic sewage[J].Journal of Experimental Sciences,2011,2(7).
[23]王琳,王迎春,李季,等.微生物菌剂处理富营养化景观水体的室内试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(1):88-91.
[24]陈永祥,程晓如.EM用于SBR反应器处理生活污水[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(6):48-50.
[25]陈锋,柯振东,周建平,等.复合菌剂治理磁湖富营养化的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(5):29-32.
[26]杨小龙.复合菌剂的研制及其对水产养殖污水的净化作用[D].南昌大学.2012.
[27]王秀英,周军辉.水体中生石灰和漂白粉对小球藻生长抑制的研究[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):145-147.
[28]伍筱琳,刘仁沿,李红霞,等.三氯生对小球藻的生长效应研究[J].海洋通报,2009,28(3):117-120.
[29]高斌.五种消毒剂对海水微藻生长及营养盐动态变化的影响[D].福建农林大学,2005.
[30]和劲松,祁凡雨,叶章颖,等.微酸性电解水储藏和杀菌过程中有效氯衰减的动力学模型[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(15):263-270.
[31]杨凤,杨为东.漂白粉有效氯在水中衰减规律及鱼对其耐受性的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1999,14(4):29-35.
[2]Troell M,Pihl L,Ronnback P,et al.Regim。e shifts and ecosystem services in Swedish coastal soft bottom habitats:when resilience is undesirable[J].Ecology and Society,1989,10(1):30.
[3]Smith V H,Schindler D W.Eutrophication science:where do we go from here?[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2009,24(4):201-207.
[4]Scheffer M,Carpenter S,Foley J A,et al.Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems[J].Nature,2001,413(6856):591-596.
[5]de Tezanos Pinto P,O’Farrell I.Regime shifts between free-floating plants and phytoplankton:a review[J].Hydrobiologia,2014,740(1):13-24.
[6]Ratajczak Z,Nippert J B,Ocheltree T W.Abrupt transition of mesic grassland to shrubland:evidence for thresholds,alternative attractors,and regime shifts[J].Ecology,2014,95(9):2633-2645.
[7]Scheffer M,Carpenter S,Foley J A,et al.Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems[J].Nature,2001,413(6856):591-596.
[8]Conley D J,Paerl H W,Howarth R W,et al.Controlling eutrophication:nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Science,2009,323(5917):1014-1015.
[9]Sagrario G,María A,Jeppesen E,et al.Does high nitrogen loading prevent clear‐water conditions in shallow lakes at moderately high phosphorus concentrations?[J].Freshwater Biology,2005,50(1):27-41.
[10]胡菊香,吴生桂,胡传林,等.生物水净化剂对养殖水质及饵料生物的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(11):24-27.
[11]闫喜武,吕波.有效氯对浮游植物生长的影响[J].水产科学,1998,17(5):17-22.
[12]Sánchez M L,Lagomarsino L,Allende L,et al.Changes in the phytoplankton structure in a Pampean shallow lake in the transition from a clear to a turbid regime[J].Hydrobiologia,2015,752(1):65-76.
[13]Randsalu-Wendrup L,Conley D J,Carstensen J,et al.Ecological regime shifts in Lake K?lksj?n,Sweden,in response to abrupt climate change around the 8.2 ka cooling event[J].Ecosystems,2012,15(8):1336-1350.
[14]Mills E.Regime Shifts in Lake Ecosystems:Pattern and Variation[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2004,133(6):1540-1540.
[15]Hastings A,Wysham D B.Regime shifts in ecological systems can occur with no warning[J].Ecology letters,2010,13(4):464-472.
[16]秦伯强.湖泊生态恢复的基本原理与实现[J].生态学报,2007,27(11).
[17]Endo T,Nakano M.Influence of a probiotic on productivity,meat components,lipidmetabolism,caecal flora and metabolites,and raising environment in broiler production[J].Anim Sci J,1999,70(4):207-218.
[18]闫喜武,吕波.有效氯对浮游植物生长的影响[J].水产科学,1998,17(5):17-22.
[19]水生态学实验[M].暨南大学出版社,2013.
[20]钱君龙,张连弟,乐美麟.过硫酸盐消化法测定土壤全氮全磷[J].土壤,1990,22(5):258-262.
[21]国家环境保护局.水与废水监测分析方法编委会[M].水与废水监测分析方法(第4版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[22]Namsivayam S K R,Narendrakumar G,Kumar J A.Evaluation of Effective Microorganism(EM)for treatment of domestic sewage[J].Journal of Experimental Sciences,2011,2(7).
[23]王琳,王迎春,李季,等.微生物菌剂处理富营养化景观水体的室内试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(1):88-91.
[24]陈永祥,程晓如.EM用于SBR反应器处理生活污水[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(6):48-50.
[25]陈锋,柯振东,周建平,等.复合菌剂治理磁湖富营养化的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(5):29-32.
[26]杨小龙.复合菌剂的研制及其对水产养殖污水的净化作用[D].南昌大学.2012.
[27]王秀英,周军辉.水体中生石灰和漂白粉对小球藻生长抑制的研究[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):145-147.
[28]伍筱琳,刘仁沿,李红霞,等.三氯生对小球藻的生长效应研究[J].海洋通报,2009,28(3):117-120.
[29]高斌.五种消毒剂对海水微藻生长及营养盐动态变化的影响[D].福建农林大学,2005.
[30]和劲松,祁凡雨,叶章颖,等.微酸性电解水储藏和杀菌过程中有效氯衰减的动力学模型[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(15):263-270.
[31]杨凤,杨为东.漂白粉有效氯在水中衰减规律及鱼对其耐受性的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1999,14(4):29-35.