摘要
随着全球经济的飞速发展,世界各国对重要的石化原料——乙烯和丙烯的需求迅猛增长。乙烯和丙烯主要来源于石油基原料的蒸汽裂解或催化裂化等过程,随着石油资源的日益短缺,烯烃发展也因此受到制约。鉴于我国缺油少气多煤的能源现状,以煤为原料,走煤-甲醇-烯烃工艺路线符合国家能源政策需要。甲醇制烯烃(Methanol to Olefins,MTO/Methanol to Propylene,MTP)工艺是以甲醇为原料高选择性地生产乙烯、丙烯等低碳烯烃的技术。该工艺开辟了由甲醇(或煤炭、天然气、生物质等非石油基原料)生产乙烯、丙烯的新路线,可有效缓解烯烃供给不足与甲醇产能过剩的矛盾,降低石油资源对外依存度,具有良好的发展前景。本文主要针对SAPO-34催化剂上MTO过程以及ZSM-5催化剂上MTP过程的反应情况,综述了近年来甲醇制烯烃代表性的反应工艺、反应机理以及反应动力学等方面的最新研究进展,并根据其存在的问题分别提出了相应的发展方向。
引文
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