认知冲突对飞行员复飞决策的影响:航空安全的神经工效学方法
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- 英文论文题名：The effects of cognitive conflict on pilot “Go Around” decision-making:A neuroergonomic approach to aviation safety
- 论文作者：曾祥思 ; 周灿灿 ; 兰继军
- 英文论文作者：Zeng Xiangsi ; Zhou Cancan ; Lan Jijun ; School of Psychology ; Shaanxi Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：陕西师范大学心理学院;
- 论文关键词：认知冲突 ; 飞行员 ; 复飞决策 ; 神经工效学
- 英文论文关键词：cognitive conflict ; pilot ; Go Around decision-making ; neuroergonomic
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.1
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：792k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
认知冲突又称为"自动化意外",是指机械故障或机组操作的冲突导致自动驾驶仪并没有执行驾驶员的预期行为,造成飞行员情景意识减弱或丧失,出现违反SOPs(标准操作规程)的错误。认知冲突是人因失误的前兆。在飞行进近着陆中,如果在决断高度,飞机不能达到预期复飞状态或者飞行员不能建立合适的目视参考,应立即实行复飞决策。实验通过模拟驾驶舱进行进近着陆任务,设置认知冲突,判断被试是否能施行正确的操作策略,并通过脑波注意力指标变化、生物反馈仪心率起伏等一系列生理指标的参考下理解人因失误的产生与作用机制。本研究选取24名在飞行模拟器上能够完成各种基本模拟飞行任务的模拟飞行员,平均年龄为19±1.2,平均训练时间为100±5.4h。本研究共包括两个实验:实验一:该任务要求:在65米决断高度处,飞行员应具有能见度不小于800米或跑道视程不小于550米的精密进近和着陆。(1)在100米进近高度处,视野清晰度100%。(2)在100米进近高度处,视野清晰度50%。(3)在100米进近高度处,视野清晰度0%。实验二:该任务要求:在不同的进近高度处,警告出现空速仪故障,飞机不能达到预期进近着陆速度,同时由于视野清晰度不同造成飞行员不能建立稳定的目视参考。(1)在165米进近高度处,空速仪故障,视野清晰度呈现50%或100%两种情境。(2)在115米进近高度处,空速仪故障,视野清晰度呈现50%或100%两种情境。(3)在70米进近高度处,空速仪故障,视野清晰度呈现50%或100%两种情境。研究结论证明,认知冲突造成驾驶员注意力范围狭窄,导致飞行员情景意识减弱,显著影响了驾驶员的复飞决策,对航空安全造成威胁。
Cognitive conflict, also known as "Automation Surprise", as a result of mechanical failure or crew's operations error, induces the autopilot perform the unexpected behavior of the pilot, resulting in weakening or loss of situational awareness and the violation of SOPs(Standard Operation Procedures). Cognitive conflict is the precursor of human errors. During flight approach and landing, if the aircraft can not achieve the desired state or the pilot can not establish the proper visual reference in the decision height, the "Go Around" decision should be implemented immediately. Experiments carried out by simulating the flight approach and landing mission, by setting cognitive conflicts, determines whether the subjects correctly implement operating strategy. By the reference of a series of physiological indexes such as the EEG attention index changes and the heart rate fluctuation demonstrated by the biofeedback instrument, it helps us understand the mechanism of human errors. This study selected 24 flight trainees who can complete all kinds of basic mission in the aviation simulator, with an average age of 27 ±1.2, the average training time was 100±5.4h. This study includes two experiments: Experiment 1: This task demands: At the decision height of 65 meters, the pilot should establish the proper visual reference which is not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550 meters during the precision approach and landing.(1) At the approach height of 100 meters, vision clarity is 100%.(2) At the approach height of 100 meters, vision clarity is 50%.(3) At the approach height of 100 meters, vision clarity is 0%. Experiment II: This task demands: Airspeed warnings instrument failure which leads to the aircraft can not achieve the expected landing approach speed, appears at different approach height. The clarity of vision is also changing by 50% or 100%.(1) At the approach height of 165 meters, airspeed instrument failure appears, and the vision clarity shows 50% or 100% in two different scenarios.(2) At the approach height of 115 meters, airspeed instrument failure appears, and the vision clarity shows 50% or 100% in two different scenarios.(3) At the approach height of 70 meters, airspeed instrument failure appears, and the vision clarity shows 50% or 100% in two different scenarios. The results revealed that the conflict engages participant's attentional abilities resulting in the loss of pilot situational awareness and affects the driver's Go-Around decision-making. Cognitive conflict jeopardizes flight safety.
Cognitive conflict, also known as "Automation Surprise", as a result of mechanical failure or crew's operations error, induces the autopilot perform the unexpected behavior of the pilot, resulting in weakening or loss of situational awareness and the violation of SOPs(Standard Operation Procedures). Cognitive conflict is the precursor of human errors. During flight approach and landing, if the aircraft can not achieve the desired state or the pilot can not establish the proper visual reference in the decision height, the "Go Around" decision should be implemented immediately. Experiments carried out by simulating the flight approach and landing mission, by setting cognitive conflicts, determines whether the subjects correctly implement operating strategy. By the reference of a series of physiological indexes such as the EEG attention index changes and the heart rate fluctuation demonstrated by the biofeedback instrument, it helps us understand the mechanism of human errors. This study selected 24 flight trainees who can complete all kinds of basic mission in the aviation simulator, with an average age of 27 ±1.2, the average training time was 100±5.4h. This study includes two experiments: Experiment 1: This task demands: At the decision height of 65 meters, the pilot should establish the proper visual reference which is not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550 meters during the precision approach and landing.(1) At the approach height of 100 meters, vision clarity is 100%.(2) At the approach height of 100 meters, vision clarity is 50%.(3) At the approach height of 100 meters, vision clarity is 0%. Experiment II: This task demands: Airspeed warnings instrument failure which leads to the aircraft can not achieve the expected landing approach speed, appears at different approach height. The clarity of vision is also changing by 50% or 100%.(1) At the approach height of 165 meters, airspeed instrument failure appears, and the vision clarity shows 50% or 100% in two different scenarios.(2) At the approach height of 115 meters, airspeed instrument failure appears, and the vision clarity shows 50% or 100% in two different scenarios.(3) At the approach height of 70 meters, airspeed instrument failure appears, and the vision clarity shows 50% or 100% in two different scenarios. The results revealed that the conflict engages participant's attentional abilities resulting in the loss of pilot situational awareness and affects the driver's Go-Around decision-making. Cognitive conflict jeopardizes flight safety.
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