状态焦虑对注意控制的影响:对注意控制理论的检验
详细信息 查看官网全文
- 英文论文题名：The influence of state anxiety on attentional control:Examination of attentional control theory
- 论文作者：罗霄骁 ; 张力为
- 英文论文作者：LUO Xiaoxiao ; ZHANG Liwei ; Beijing Sport University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：北京体育大学运动人体科学学院;
- 论文关键词：状态焦虑 ; 注意控制 ; 反向眼跳 ; 注意控制理论
- 英文论文关键词：state anxiety ; attentional control ; antisaccade ; attentional control theory
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.3
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：766k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
注意控制理论认为,焦虑会损害自上而下的目标导向系统,使自下而上的刺激驱动系统占优,即焦虑使人更容易分心。目的:已有研究对ACT的检验多关注特质焦虑,本研究拟探讨状态焦虑(State Anxiety,SA)对注意控制的影响。研究假设为高SA下,注意控制能力下降。方法:采用反向眼跳范式,邀请10名研究参与者,采用单因素组内设计,自变量为状态焦虑情境(低SA、高SA),因变量为注意控制能力(反向眼跳潜伏期,首次眼跳错误率)。结果:1)参与者的潜伏期和错误率在高、低SA下没有差异,与研究假设不符,未支持ACT。2)相比低SA情境,在高SA情境下有5名参与者眼跳错误率下降,但潜伏期变长;有4名却正好相反。且该效应并不能简单归因于速度—准确性权衡。这提示SA对注意控制确有影响,且其中可能存在调节变量。但后续分析发现,该调节变量既不是性别,也不是特质焦虑。但以上发现需要增加样本量以期得出更为稳定的结果。结论:注意控制理论在状态焦虑下的适用性还需进一步检验。
Objective:Attentional Control Theory(ACT) predicts that anxiety may impair the top-down goal-directed system so that the bottom-up stimulus-driven system will be dominant, which means that anxiety may lead to distraction.Previous studies on ACT paid more attention to trait anxiety, so we planned to investigate the effect of state anxiety(SA) on attentional control. Hypothesis: the ability of attentional control will decrease under the high SA condition. Method: Antisaccde paradigm was utilized. This task requires participants to inhibit the reflexive saccade occurred by a sudden stimulus. The attentional control ability will be recognized to be better if the inhibit time is shorter and the saccade error is less.10 participants take part in experiment and one factor within-group design was utilized. The independent variable was anxiety conditions(high SA, low SA), and the dependent variable is the ability of attentional control(antisaccade latency, saccade error rate). Participants had to identify the direction of an arrow after each antisaccade trail to ensured that they were more engaged in the task. The high SA condition was as follow: a) only 1 error was allowed in arrow identification, or participants should repeat the experiment; b) a noise of 110 dB will be played after each error; c) only 1 second was available to response; d) the experimenter will stand behind participants to observe them. Manipulation checks were conducted by measuring heart rate, skin conductance and mental readiness form. The MANOVA results showed that high SA condition was effective(p =.011, η2 =.778, power =.889).Result and Discussion: a) According to the results of MANOVA, there is no significant difference between high SA condition and low SA condition in antisaccade latency and saccade error rate(p =.827, η2 =.046, power =.017), the result is not consistent with hypothesis and ACT. It implies that the influence of SA on attentional control is weaker than trait anxiety. It may also be explained as the positive effects of SA(motivation) cover up its negative effect(distraction). b) Compared with low SA condition, there were 5 participants showed lower error rate but longer latency under high SA condition. In contrast, there were 4 participants showed higher error rate but shorter latency under high SA condition. Moreover, this effect was not simply the result of a speed-accuracy trade-off(low SA condition: r =.296, p =.407; high SA condition: r =.008, p =.982). It suggests a moderator that SA does have some effects on attentional control. Under the influence of SA, one part of individuals tend to pay more effort to ensure correct saccade, another part of individuals, however, tend to give up saccade accuracy to achieve faster saccades. The results of MANOVA showed that neither gander(p =.574, η2 =.147, power =.115) nor trait anxiety(p =.441, η2 =.208, power =.153) is the hidden moderator. These results above, on the other hand, still need more samples to ensure the stability. Conclusion: The applicability of attentional control theory under state anxiety condition needs further examination.
Objective:Attentional Control Theory(ACT) predicts that anxiety may impair the top-down goal-directed system so that the bottom-up stimulus-driven system will be dominant, which means that anxiety may lead to distraction.Previous studies on ACT paid more attention to trait anxiety, so we planned to investigate the effect of state anxiety(SA) on attentional control. Hypothesis: the ability of attentional control will decrease under the high SA condition. Method: Antisaccde paradigm was utilized. This task requires participants to inhibit the reflexive saccade occurred by a sudden stimulus. The attentional control ability will be recognized to be better if the inhibit time is shorter and the saccade error is less.10 participants take part in experiment and one factor within-group design was utilized. The independent variable was anxiety conditions(high SA, low SA), and the dependent variable is the ability of attentional control(antisaccade latency, saccade error rate). Participants had to identify the direction of an arrow after each antisaccade trail to ensured that they were more engaged in the task. The high SA condition was as follow: a) only 1 error was allowed in arrow identification, or participants should repeat the experiment; b) a noise of 110 dB will be played after each error; c) only 1 second was available to response; d) the experimenter will stand behind participants to observe them. Manipulation checks were conducted by measuring heart rate, skin conductance and mental readiness form. The MANOVA results showed that high SA condition was effective(p =.011, η2 =.778, power =.889).Result and Discussion: a) According to the results of MANOVA, there is no significant difference between high SA condition and low SA condition in antisaccade latency and saccade error rate(p =.827, η2 =.046, power =.017), the result is not consistent with hypothesis and ACT. It implies that the influence of SA on attentional control is weaker than trait anxiety. It may also be explained as the positive effects of SA(motivation) cover up its negative effect(distraction). b) Compared with low SA condition, there were 5 participants showed lower error rate but longer latency under high SA condition. In contrast, there were 4 participants showed higher error rate but shorter latency under high SA condition. Moreover, this effect was not simply the result of a speed-accuracy trade-off(low SA condition: r =.296, p =.407; high SA condition: r =.008, p =.982). It suggests a moderator that SA does have some effects on attentional control. Under the influence of SA, one part of individuals tend to pay more effort to ensure correct saccade, another part of individuals, however, tend to give up saccade accuracy to achieve faster saccades. The results of MANOVA showed that neither gander(p =.574, η2 =.147, power =.115) nor trait anxiety(p =.441, η2 =.208, power =.153) is the hidden moderator. These results above, on the other hand, still need more samples to ensure the stability. Conclusion: The applicability of attentional control theory under state anxiety condition needs further examination.
引文