缓蚀剂研究进展简述
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摘要
近年来,环境友好型缓蚀剂已成为缓蚀剂研究的热点之一。环境友好型缓蚀剂的开发主要通过合成有机化合物和从天然植物中提取两种方式,合成的环境友好型缓蚀剂主要有咪唑啉系列、氨基酸系列、曼尼烯碱、硫代磷酸酯类有机化合物。钢筋混凝土缓蚀剂、气相缓蚀剂、铝/镁及其合金缓蚀剂的研究都取得了一定的进展。当金属表面有腐蚀产物膜存在时,腐蚀产物膜与缓蚀剂之间的相互作用将成为影响缓蚀剂防护性能的重要因素。一方面,为了进一步探究缓蚀剂机理,需要结合新的原位分析手段,从分子尺度研究缓蚀剂的作用行为,阐明缓蚀剂的作用机制。另一方面,为了建立缓蚀剂现场应用的加注制度,需要完善缓蚀剂的快速、准确、原位评价的方法与技术。缓蚀剂的协同效应和基于量子化学的缓蚀剂的构效关系的研究也是缓蚀剂研究的前沿和热点领域。近些年,国际上缓蚀剂的研究工作主要集中在中国、印度、埃及和美国等国家,中国是在国际学术期刊上发表缓蚀剂研究论文最多的国家,约占同期世界发表的缓蚀剂研究论文的17%。本文简要回顾了近两年我国缓蚀剂研究的进展,简述了缓蚀剂研究的发展趋势。
In recent years,the study and development of environmental friendly inhibitors has become one of the hotspots in the research of corrosion inhibitors.The environmental friendly inhibitors can be developed through the synthesis of organic compounds and the extraction from natural plants.The synthesized environmental friendly inhibitors mainly include imidazoline,amino acids,Mannich alkali compounds and thiophosphate compounds.The researches on rebar inhibitors for reinforced concretes,volatile corrosion inhibitors and the inhibitors for Al,Mg and their alloys all have made some progress.In cases of the formation of a corrosion product film on the metal surface,the interaction between the corrosion product film and corrosion inhibitors will become an important factor to affect the inhibitor's performance.On one hand,new in-situ analysis tools are needed to explore the inhibitor's behavior and mechanism at molecular scale;and on the other hand,quick,accurate and in-situ methods are demanded for the field evaluation of inhibitors so as to establish practical field injection technology for inhibitors.The inhibitors7 synergistic effects and their structure-activity relationships based on quantum chemistry computation are also hot areas in the research of corrosion inhibitors.In recent years,a lot of research works about the corrosion inhibitors have been done in China,India,Egypt and United States etc,and the most of papers about corrosion inhibitors in international academic journals come from China,whose number is more than 17%of the total papers in this area published in the world.This paper reviews the progress in the research of corrosion inhibitors in recent years in China,and sketches the development trend of corrosion inhibitors.
引文
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