药物预防应激性溃疡的系统综述
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摘要
目的:综述应激性溃疡出血(stress ulcer bleeding,SUB)发生率、危险因素和预防方案的有效性、安全性和经济性。方法:检索MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane(Central),CNKI、CBM,VIP,Wan Fang,提取总结相关数据。结果:肠内营养是SUB的保护因素。3项RCT研究结果均显示,在预防临床大出血方面PPI并非优于H_2RA。4项meta分析均认为PPI与肺炎发生有关(OR:1.04~1.92),5项meta分析均认为PPI能增加肠道感染的风险,尤其是难辨梭菌感染(OR:1.69~3.33)。2项回顾性研究显示,服用PPI的患者慢性肾病发生风险高且与用药频次有关。3项对比PPI和H_2RA预防SUB的成本效益的经济学研究,结果显示在预防SUB时,肠内奥美拉唑最优;在预防SUB和并发症时,PPI最优;PPI组和H_2RA组死亡率相同时,H_2RA预防SUB成本低于PPI结论:危重患者使用抑酸药预防SUB前应先进行风险因素评估。鉴于临床大出血发生率低,临床医生应考量预防SUB用药的必要性、安全性及经济性。
引文
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