多样性和有效性对归纳推理和演绎推理的不同影响
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- 英文论文题名：The Different Impact of Diversity and Validity to Inductive Reasoning and Deductive Reasoning
- 论文作者：刘洋 ; 雷怡
- 英文论文作者：Liu Yang ; Liaoning Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经科学研究中心;深圳大学心理与社会学院;
- 论文关键词：多样性 ; 有效性 ; 归纳推理 ; 演绎推理
- 英文论文关键词：Diversity ; Validity ; Inductive reasoning ; Deductive reasoning
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B812
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：3
- 文件大小：762k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
为探讨前提多样性和结论有效性对归纳推理和演绎推理的不同影响,以及人们对归纳推理和演绎推理的敏感程度是否相同,采用2(判断类型:归纳判断与演绎判断)?2(前提多样性:前提多样组与前提非多样组)?2(结论有效性:有效命题与无效命题)的实验设计。把演绎上有效的命题定义为有效命题,把演绎上无效的命题定义为无效命题,本研究选取了18种鸟作为实验材料,选取60名在校大学生为被试,采用混合设计的方式进行实验。结果:与归纳判断相比,被试在进行演绎判断的时候更愿意拒绝无效命题(t=4.56,p(27)0.01)。本实验收集了反应时,被试判断信心以及判断信心的反应时等指标。在这三个指标上,判断类型,前提多样性,结论有效性三者之间及两两之间均不存在交互作用。判断类型和结论有效性的主效应显著。多样性的主效应不显著。具体来讲,归纳判断的反应时显著大于演绎判断(t=2.92,p(27)0.01),判断信心显著小于演绎判断(t=-17.07,p(27)0.01),判断信心的反应时显著大于演绎判断(t=9.57,p(27)0.01)。有效命题的反应时显著小于无效命题(t=-22.96,p(27)0.01),判断信心显著大于无效命题(t=50.19,p(27)0.01),判断信心的反应时显著小于无效命题(t=-14.31,p(27)0.01)。被试在演绎判断中更愿意拒绝无效命题,并且对演绎判断的反应时更短,信心更大,判断信心的反应时也更短,由此可得出结论,与归纳推理相比,人们对演绎推理具有更大的敏感性;同样,被试对有效命题的反应时更短,判断信心更大,判断信心的反应时更短,由此可知与无效命题相比,人们对有效命题具有更大的敏感性。与归纳推理相比,有效性对演绎推理的影响更大。多样性对归纳推理和演绎推理并未产生不同影响,这可能是由于实验材料比较单一,全部是鸟类,而鸟类有翅膀这个特征过于明显,所以多样性效应不显著,因此准备扩充实验材料进行进一步实验来探讨多样性效应的影响。
To investigate the different influence of premise diversity and conclusion validity to inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, and whether people have the same sensitivity to inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, taking a 2(type of judgment: inductive judgment and deductive judgment)′2(premise diversity: the premise diversity group and the premise non-diversity group)′2(conclusion validity: the valid argument and the invalid argument) experiment design. To define the deductively valid argument as valid argument, to define the deductively invalid argument as invalid argument. This study selected eighteen species of birds as experimental materials, selected sixty college students as subjects. Using mixed design method.Results:compared with the inductive judgments, subjects were more likely to reject invalid arguments(t=4.56,p(27)0.01). The experiment collected reaction time, judgment confidence and the reaction time of judgment confidence. On these three indicators, there is no interaction between the type of judgment, premise diversity, conclusion validity, and there is no interaction between any two of the three. There were positive main effects of the type of judgment and validity. There were negative main effect of diversity.Specifically,the reaction time of inductive judgments is longer than the reaction time of the deductive judgments(t=2.92,p(27)0.01). The judgment confidence of deductive judgments is greater than the judgment confidence of inductive judgments(t=17.07,p(27)0.01),the reaction time of judgment confidence of inductive judgments is longer than the one of deductive judgments(t=9.57,p(27)0.01). The reaction time of invalid arguments is longer than the one of valid arguments(t=-22.96,p(27)0.01),the judgment confidence of valid arguments is greater than the one of invalid arguments(t=50.19,p(27)0.01),the reaction time of judgment confidence of invalid arguments is longer than the one of valid arguments. Subjects were more likely to reject invalid arguments in the deductive judgments than in the inductive judgments, having shorter reaction time and larger confidence in deductive judgments, it can be concluded that, compared with inductive reasoning, people have a greater sensitivity to deductive reasoning. Similarly, valid arguments have shorter reaction time, larger confidence and shorter reaction time of judgment confidence, so we can conclude that, compared with invalid arguments, people have a greater sensitivity to valid arguments. Validity has greater impact on deductive reasoning than inductive reasoning. Diversity has no different impact on inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, this may be due to small experimental material type, all experimental materials are birds, and the birds have a very obvious feature, they have wings, so diversity has negative main effect, we are preparing to expand materials to investigate the effect of diversity.
To investigate the different influence of premise diversity and conclusion validity to inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, and whether people have the same sensitivity to inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, taking a 2(type of judgment: inductive judgment and deductive judgment)′2(premise diversity: the premise diversity group and the premise non-diversity group)′2(conclusion validity: the valid argument and the invalid argument) experiment design. To define the deductively valid argument as valid argument, to define the deductively invalid argument as invalid argument. This study selected eighteen species of birds as experimental materials, selected sixty college students as subjects. Using mixed design method.Results:compared with the inductive judgments, subjects were more likely to reject invalid arguments(t=4.56,p(27)0.01). The experiment collected reaction time, judgment confidence and the reaction time of judgment confidence. On these three indicators, there is no interaction between the type of judgment, premise diversity, conclusion validity, and there is no interaction between any two of the three. There were positive main effects of the type of judgment and validity. There were negative main effect of diversity.Specifically,the reaction time of inductive judgments is longer than the reaction time of the deductive judgments(t=2.92,p(27)0.01). The judgment confidence of deductive judgments is greater than the judgment confidence of inductive judgments(t=17.07,p(27)0.01),the reaction time of judgment confidence of inductive judgments is longer than the one of deductive judgments(t=9.57,p(27)0.01). The reaction time of invalid arguments is longer than the one of valid arguments(t=-22.96,p(27)0.01),the judgment confidence of valid arguments is greater than the one of invalid arguments(t=50.19,p(27)0.01),the reaction time of judgment confidence of invalid arguments is longer than the one of valid arguments. Subjects were more likely to reject invalid arguments in the deductive judgments than in the inductive judgments, having shorter reaction time and larger confidence in deductive judgments, it can be concluded that, compared with inductive reasoning, people have a greater sensitivity to deductive reasoning. Similarly, valid arguments have shorter reaction time, larger confidence and shorter reaction time of judgment confidence, so we can conclude that, compared with invalid arguments, people have a greater sensitivity to valid arguments. Validity has greater impact on deductive reasoning than inductive reasoning. Diversity has no different impact on inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning, this may be due to small experimental material type, all experimental materials are birds, and the birds have a very obvious feature, they have wings, so diversity has negative main effect, we are preparing to expand materials to investigate the effect of diversity.
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