光化学方法在核燃料循环中的应用
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- 英文论文题名：Applications of photochemistry in nuclear fuel cycle
- 论文作者：林铭章 ; 李富海 ; 丁作铭
- 英文论文作者：LIN Ming-zhang ; LI Fu-hai ; DING Zuo-ming ; University of Science and Technology of China ; Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology ; CAS
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：中国科学技术大学核科学技术学院;中国科学院核能安全技术研究所;
- 论文关键词：光化学 ; 调价 ; 分离 ; UO_2溶解
- 英文论文关键词：photochemical ; valence adjustment ; separation ; dissolution of UO_2
- 会议召开时间：2015-09-21
- 会议录名称：中国核科学技术进展报告（第四卷）——中国核学会2015年学术年会论文集第6册（核化学与放射化学分卷、核化工分卷）
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：TL249
- 学会代码：EGVD
- 会议名称：中国核学会2015年学术年会
- 会议地点：中国四川绵阳
- 主办单位：中国核学会
- 学会名称：中国核学会
- 页数：7
- 文件大小：366k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
Purex流程的关键技术是调控铀(U)、钚(Pu)、镎(Np)、镅(Am)等元素的价态。传统上Purex流程采用化学法调节元素价态,但化学调价有时会遇到困难,比如在硝酸体系下用化学试剂将Np调节至单一价态十分困难,研究表明光化学法因可以选择性调节目标元素的价态有望解决这一困难。和化学法相比,光化学调价还有方法简单,二次废物体积少,方便远程控制,对材料耐辐照要求不高等优点。将光化学调价和溶剂萃取结合很有潜力实现金属元素的高效分离,只依靠光化学方法将金属离子还原至单质状态也可以实现金属元素的分离和回收。此外,紫外光的照射还能在室温下显著促进UO_2在硝酸溶液中的溶解。
The key technology of Purex process is to adjust the valence of uranium(U),plutonium(Pu),neptunium(Np) and americium(Am).Chemical methods might meet difficulties in valence adjustment of Np in nitric acid solution.Photochemical methods could solve these problems.Photochemical methods offering advantages of simpler steps,less secondary waste,easier remote control technique and low requirements for radioactive resistance of materials.Combination of photochemical methods and solvent extraction offers a potential for the separation of metal elements,and it is also possible to separate and recover metal elements by using photochemical methods to reduce metal ions to atoms.In addition,UV light can significantly promote the dissolution of UO_2 at room temperature in nitric acid solution.
The key technology of Purex process is to adjust the valence of uranium(U),plutonium(Pu),neptunium(Np) and americium(Am).Chemical methods might meet difficulties in valence adjustment of Np in nitric acid solution.Photochemical methods could solve these problems.Photochemical methods offering advantages of simpler steps,less secondary waste,easier remote control technique and low requirements for radioactive resistance of materials.Combination of photochemical methods and solvent extraction offers a potential for the separation of metal elements,and it is also possible to separate and recover metal elements by using photochemical methods to reduce metal ions to atoms.In addition,UV light can significantly promote the dissolution of UO_2 at room temperature in nitric acid solution.
引文
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[7]段云富,等.Pu(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅱ)-N_2H_5~+-HNO_3溶液中的光化反应[J].核化学与放射化学,1987,9(4),200-206.
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[11]Galkin,B Y.et al,Photooxidation of Neptunium in Nitric-acid Solutions[J].Soviet Radiochemistry,1985,27(4),455-458.
[12]Nemodruk,A.A.et al,Photochemical Reactions in Analytical-chemistry[J].Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii,1972,27(12),2414-2420.
[13]Toth.L M.et al,L.K.,The Reduction of Pu(Ⅳby Photochemically Produced U(Ⅳ.OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY 1986,ORNL/TM-9958.
[14]Uchiyama,G.et al,Development of a New Neptunium Separation Process by Using Photochemical Reduction in Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing.Radiochimica Acta 1998,81(1),29-32.
[15]Wada,Y.et al,Photochemically-induced Valency Adjustment of Plutonium and Neptunium in Nitric-acid Solution Using Mercury Lamp.J.Nucl.Sci.Technol.1994,31(7),700-710.
[16]Song,K.et al,Extraction of Palladium Metal from Aqueous Solution of Palladium Chloride by Laser-induced Photochemistry.Microchem J.2001,68(2-3),121-126.
[17]Harada,M et al,Synthesis of Ruthenium Particles by Photoreduction in Polymer Solutions.J.Colloid Interface Sci.2008,325(1),1-6.
[18]Ohtaki,M.et al,Photoreduction of Rhodium(Ⅲ)ions in Water With Ultraviolet-light Aiming to Prepare the Dispersions of Ultrafine Particles.Chemistry Letters,1990,(4),489-492.
[19]Kriek,R.J.et al,Separation and Recovery of Some Platinum-group metals(PGMs)by Means of Selective Photocatalytic Reduction.Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1995,95(2),75-81.
[20]Borgarello,E.et al,Light-induced Reduction of Rhodium(Ⅲ)and Palladium(Ⅱ)on Titanium-dioxide Dispersions and the Selective Photochemical Separation and Recovery of Gold(Ⅲ),Platinum(Ⅳ),and Rhodium(Ⅲ)in Chloride Media.Inorganic Chemistry,1986,25(25),4499-4503.
[21]Ikeda,Y.et al,Kinetic-study on Dissolution of UO2 Powders in Nitric-acid.Journal of Nuclear Materials,1995,224(3),266-272.
[22]Kim,E.H.et al,A photo-induced Dissolution of UO_2 Sintered Pellets in a Simulated Solution.Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2000,17(2),217-222.
[2]Sasaki,S.et al,Basic Study of Photochemistry for Application to Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology[J].Progress in Nuclear Energy,1998,32(3-4),403-410.
[3]Nagaishi,R.et al,T.,Photoreduction of Uranyl Ion in Aqueous Solution.1.With Ethanol in Sulphuric Acid Solutions[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology a-Chemistry,1996,96(1-3),45-50.
[4]McCleskey,T.M.et al,Approaching Zero Discharge in Uranium Reprocessing:Photochemical Reduction of Uranyl[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2001,35(3),547-551.
[5]Burrows,H.D.et al,The Photochemistry of the Uranyl Ion[J].Chemical Society Reviews,1974,3(2),139-165.
[6]Nagaishi,R.et al,Photoreduction of the Uranyl Ion in Aqueous SolutionⅡ.Alcohols in Acid Solutions.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology a-Chemistry,2002,146(3),157-161.
[7]段云富,等.Pu(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅱ)-N_2H_5~+-HNO_3溶液中的光化反应[J].核化学与放射化学,1987,9(4),200-206.
[8]Palei,P.N.et al,Change of Valence States of Plutonium in Solutions of Nitric,Hydrochloric,Sulfuric,and Perchloric Acids on Irradiation by Ultraviolet Light.1969.
[9]Yusov,A.B.,The Photochemistry of Transuranic Elements in Solution[J].Russian Chemical Reviews,1995,64(9),831-837.
[10]Toth,L.M.et al,The Photochemistry of Neptunium in Aqueous Nitric-acid Solutions[J].Radiochimica Acta,1980,27(3),173-176.
[11]Galkin,B Y.et al,Photooxidation of Neptunium in Nitric-acid Solutions[J].Soviet Radiochemistry,1985,27(4),455-458.
[12]Nemodruk,A.A.et al,Photochemical Reactions in Analytical-chemistry[J].Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii,1972,27(12),2414-2420.
[13]Toth.L M.et al,L.K.,The Reduction of Pu(Ⅳby Photochemically Produced U(Ⅳ.OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY 1986,ORNL/TM-9958.
[14]Uchiyama,G.et al,Development of a New Neptunium Separation Process by Using Photochemical Reduction in Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing.Radiochimica Acta 1998,81(1),29-32.
[15]Wada,Y.et al,Photochemically-induced Valency Adjustment of Plutonium and Neptunium in Nitric-acid Solution Using Mercury Lamp.J.Nucl.Sci.Technol.1994,31(7),700-710.
[16]Song,K.et al,Extraction of Palladium Metal from Aqueous Solution of Palladium Chloride by Laser-induced Photochemistry.Microchem J.2001,68(2-3),121-126.
[17]Harada,M et al,Synthesis of Ruthenium Particles by Photoreduction in Polymer Solutions.J.Colloid Interface Sci.2008,325(1),1-6.
[18]Ohtaki,M.et al,Photoreduction of Rhodium(Ⅲ)ions in Water With Ultraviolet-light Aiming to Prepare the Dispersions of Ultrafine Particles.Chemistry Letters,1990,(4),489-492.
[19]Kriek,R.J.et al,Separation and Recovery of Some Platinum-group metals(PGMs)by Means of Selective Photocatalytic Reduction.Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1995,95(2),75-81.
[20]Borgarello,E.et al,Light-induced Reduction of Rhodium(Ⅲ)and Palladium(Ⅱ)on Titanium-dioxide Dispersions and the Selective Photochemical Separation and Recovery of Gold(Ⅲ),Platinum(Ⅳ),and Rhodium(Ⅲ)in Chloride Media.Inorganic Chemistry,1986,25(25),4499-4503.
[21]Ikeda,Y.et al,Kinetic-study on Dissolution of UO2 Powders in Nitric-acid.Journal of Nuclear Materials,1995,224(3),266-272.
[22]Kim,E.H.et al,A photo-induced Dissolution of UO_2 Sintered Pellets in a Simulated Solution.Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2000,17(2),217-222.