近十年台灣降雨沖蝕指數之時空分布
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- 英文论文题名：Temporal variation in rainfall erosivity in Taiwan
- 论文作者：李明熹 ; 林焕轩 ; 陳志豪
- 英文论文作者：Lee Minghsi ; Lin Huanhsuan ; Chen Chihhao ; Department of Soil & Water Conservation ; Taiwan Pingtung University of Science & Technology ; Department of Civil Engineering ; Taiwan Pingtung University of Science & Technology
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：屏東科技大學水土保持系;屏東科技大學土木工程系;
- 论文关键词：高屏溪流域降雨沖蝕指數 ; 時空分布 ; 台灣
- 英文论文关键词：USLE ; Rainfall erosivity ; Temporal variation
- 会议召开时间：2015-09-01
- 会议录名称：2015海峡两岸水土保持学术研讨会论文集（上）
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of Cross-strait Symposium on Soil and Water Conservation 2015
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：P426.616;S157
- 学会代码：OGSJ
- 会议名称：2015海峡两岸水土保持学术研讨会
- 会议地点：中国山西太原
- 主办单位：中国水土保持学会、台湾中华水土保持学会
- 学会名称：中国水土保持学会
- 页数：5
- 文件大小：2221k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
近年来因极端降雨事件发生频繁,造成降雨型态产生明显的改变,导致通用土壤流失公式(universal soil loss equation,USLE)中的降雨冲蚀指數(rainfall erosivity index,R)亦随之改变,间接影响土壤冲蚀量的估算。目前台湾地区降雨冲蚀指数大多以黄俊德(1979)建立的台湾年平均降雨冲蚀指数等值图。于2000年后迄今,若计算降雨冲蚀指数仍沿用黄俊德(1979)的结果,可能有部分地区产生低估现象,故有必要重新订定(俞俊宾,2008)。因此,本研究以全台湾为研究区域,搜集区域内293个雨量站2002-2012年的10分钟雨量数据,进行降雨冲蚀指数的分析,回归出台湾各区之年降雨量及降雨冲蚀指数之关系式,并利用ArcGIS绘制台湾年平均降雨冲蚀指数等值图,如图1所示。而在降雨冲蚀指数时间变化部分,本研究搜集台北(北)、日月潭(中)、高雄(南)及花莲(东)4个气候站之历年年雨量资料,带入本研究之年降雨量及降雨冲蚀指数关系式,计算4个气候站之年平均降雨冲蚀指数,并绘制年降雨量及年降雨冲蚀指数之变化趋势图。研究结果显示,区域内293个雨量站2002-2012年的有效降雨事件共108,124场。年平均降雨冲蚀指数图之变化范围在5,000~70,000 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr,最大值发生在御油山雨量站为78,772 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr,其较大值多集中于中央山脉西南部一带。另外,由气候站降雨量及降雨冲蚀指数之变化趋势图可知,台湾之北、中、南及东部4个区域,其年降雨量及年降雨冲蚀指数皆有逐年上升趋势,其中以北部及东部较为明显。本研究成果可提供水土保持相关规划工作之参考依据。
Global climate change can modify rainfall patterns,leading to more extremes with associated erosion events.Rainfall erosivity(R-factor) based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE).This study used 293 rainfall stations with short-term 10-min rainfall data from 2002 to 2012(108,124 storm events),and 4rainfall stations with long- term annual rainfall data of over 30 year.The annual R- factor in Taiwan was classified as medium-strong and strong erosivity,which represented a range from 5,000 to 70,000 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr.The maximum annual R-factor value of 78,772 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr was observed at the YuYouShan station.A simple power relation between annual R-factor and annual rainfall was derived.The long-term change trend analysis showed significant increasing trend observed in northern and eastern Taiwan.The result provided a reference for land-use planner and agriculture management in Taiwan.
Global climate change can modify rainfall patterns,leading to more extremes with associated erosion events.Rainfall erosivity(R-factor) based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE).This study used 293 rainfall stations with short-term 10-min rainfall data from 2002 to 2012(108,124 storm events),and 4rainfall stations with long- term annual rainfall data of over 30 year.The annual R- factor in Taiwan was classified as medium-strong and strong erosivity,which represented a range from 5,000 to 70,000 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr.The maximum annual R-factor value of 78,772 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr was observed at the YuYouShan station.A simple power relation between annual R-factor and annual rainfall was derived.The long-term change trend analysis showed significant increasing trend observed in northern and eastern Taiwan.The result provided a reference for land-use planner and agriculture management in Taiwan.
引文
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[2]吴至刚.气候变迁对高屏溪流域水资源冲击之探讨[D].台湾台南:台湾国立成功大学水利及海洋工程研究所,2000
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[4]范正成,杨智翔,劉哲欣.台北地区降雨冲蚀指数推估公式之建立及历年变化趋势分析[J].中华水土保持学报,2009,40(2):113-121
[5]黄俊德.台湾降雨冲蚀指数之研究[J].中华水土保持学报,1979,10(1):127-142
[6]杨文仁.气候变迁对台湾地区降雨冲蚀指教之影响[D].台湾台北:国8台湾大学生物环境系统工程研究所,2006
[7]卢光辉.降雨冲蚀指数之修订[J].中华水土保持学报,1999,30(2):87-94
[8]卢昭尧,苏志强,吴艺昀.台湾地区年等降雨冲蚀指数图之修订[J].中华水土保持学报,2005,36(2):159-172
[9]Alexandre Marco da Silva.Rainfall erosivity map for Brazil[J].Catena,2004,57(3):251-259
[10]Bonilla,Carlos A.and Vidal,Karim L.Rainfall erosivity in Central Chile[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,410:126-133
[11]Capolongo,D.,Diodato,N.,Mannaerts,CM.,Piccarreta,M.,and Strobl,R.O.Analyzing temporal changes in climate erosivity using a simplified rainfall erosivity model in Basilicata(southern Italy)[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,356:119-130
[12]Lee,Joon-Hak and Heo,Jun-Haeng.Evaluation of estimation methods for rainfall erosivity based on annual precipitation in Korea[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,409:30-48
[13]PauloTarso Sanches Oliveiraa,Edson Wendlanda,Mark A.Nearing.Rainfall erosivity in Brazil:A review[J].Catena,2013,100:139-147
[14]Wischmeier,W.H.,Smith,D.D.,and Uhland,R.E.Evaluation of factors in the soil loss equation[J].Agricultural Engineering,1958,39(1):458-462.
[15]Wischmeier,W.H.andSmith.D.D.Predicting rainfall erosion losses-A guide to conservation planning[D].Agricultural Handbook No.537.US Department of Agriculture,Washington,D.C.,1978
[2]吴至刚.气候变迁对高屏溪流域水资源冲击之探讨[D].台湾台南:台湾国立成功大学水利及海洋工程研究所,2000
[3]吴嘉俊,卢光辉,林俐玲.土壤流失量估算手册[D].台湾屏东:台湾国立屏东科技大学,1996
[4]范正成,杨智翔,劉哲欣.台北地区降雨冲蚀指数推估公式之建立及历年变化趋势分析[J].中华水土保持学报,2009,40(2):113-121
[5]黄俊德.台湾降雨冲蚀指数之研究[J].中华水土保持学报,1979,10(1):127-142
[6]杨文仁.气候变迁对台湾地区降雨冲蚀指教之影响[D].台湾台北:国8台湾大学生物环境系统工程研究所,2006
[7]卢光辉.降雨冲蚀指数之修订[J].中华水土保持学报,1999,30(2):87-94
[8]卢昭尧,苏志强,吴艺昀.台湾地区年等降雨冲蚀指数图之修订[J].中华水土保持学报,2005,36(2):159-172
[9]Alexandre Marco da Silva.Rainfall erosivity map for Brazil[J].Catena,2004,57(3):251-259
[10]Bonilla,Carlos A.and Vidal,Karim L.Rainfall erosivity in Central Chile[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,410:126-133
[11]Capolongo,D.,Diodato,N.,Mannaerts,CM.,Piccarreta,M.,and Strobl,R.O.Analyzing temporal changes in climate erosivity using a simplified rainfall erosivity model in Basilicata(southern Italy)[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,356:119-130
[12]Lee,Joon-Hak and Heo,Jun-Haeng.Evaluation of estimation methods for rainfall erosivity based on annual precipitation in Korea[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,409:30-48
[13]PauloTarso Sanches Oliveiraa,Edson Wendlanda,Mark A.Nearing.Rainfall erosivity in Brazil:A review[J].Catena,2013,100:139-147
[14]Wischmeier,W.H.,Smith,D.D.,and Uhland,R.E.Evaluation of factors in the soil loss equation[J].Agricultural Engineering,1958,39(1):458-462.
[15]Wischmeier,W.H.andSmith.D.D.Predicting rainfall erosion losses-A guide to conservation planning[D].Agricultural Handbook No.537.US Department of Agriculture,Washington,D.C.,1978