地顶孢霉培养物对奶牛体外发酵的影响
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摘要
本试验的目的是研究地顶孢霉培养物对奶牛体外发酵的影响。在人工瘤胃液中,地顶孢霉培养物的添加剂量是0.00,0.30,0.60和0.90 g/L。在体外发酵的3,6,9,12,24,36,48和72 h记录产气量。在24 h时间点,取出发酵液测定其p H值,干物质消失率,挥发性脂肪酸和氨态氮的浓度,瘤胃微生物菌群相对数量,甲烷产量和发酵效率。结果表明:在24 h时间点,地顶孢霉培养物显著降低了瘤胃p H值(P<0.05),提高了体外产气量(P<0.05),体外干物质消失率(P<0.05),挥发性脂肪酸含量(P<0.05)和氨态氮浓度(P<0.05),促进了部分瘤胃微生物的相对菌群数量(P<0.05),并降低了甲烷产量(P<0.05),但对发酵效率和乙丙比(P>0.05)没有显著影响。综上所述,地顶孢霉培养物能够改善瘤胃体外发酵参数,调节瘤胃微生物菌群结构,对饲料营养物质的利用可能有促进作用。
引文
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[3]魏建忠,张玮,李郁,等.地顶孢霉培养物对保育仔猪生产性能及免疫水平的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009(2):33-35.
[4]孙汉巨,李晓祥,丁琦,等.虫草饲料添加剂对蛋鸭生产性能及鸭蛋品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(6):3618-3620.
[5]Deng B,Wang Z P,Tao W J,et al.Effects of polysaccharides from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensi s on growth performance,immunity and antioxidant indicators of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vanna mei[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,21(2):173-179.
[6]Wang M,Meng X Y,Yang R L,et al.Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides can enhance the immu nity and antioxidation activity in immunosuppressed mice[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,89(2):461-466.
[7]Ahn Y J,Park S J,Lee S G,et al.Cordycepin:selective growth inhibitor derived from liquid cul ture of cordyceps militaris against Clostridium spp[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2000,48(7):2744-2748.
[8]Koh J H,Suh H J,Ahn T S.Hot-water extract from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis as a substitut e for antibiotic growth promoters[J].Biotechnology Letters,2003,25(7):585-590.
[9]AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis.17th ed.[M].Arlington,VA,USA:Association of Official A nalytical Chemist.,2000.
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[11]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[12]Chang C,Lue M,Pan T.Determination of adenosine,cordycepin and ergosterol contents in cultiv ated Antrodia camphorata by HPLC method.[J].Journal of Food and Drug Analysis,2005,13(4):338-342.
[13]辛杭书,段春宇,张永根,等.饲粮中添加海南霉素对奶牛瘤胃微生物区系的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(11):2249-2256.
[14]Khafipour E,Li S,Plaizier J C,et al.Rumen microbiome composition determined using two nut ritional models of subacute ruminal acidosis[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(22):7115-7124.
[15]Pang D G,Yang H J,Cao B B,et al.The beneficial effect of Enterococcus faecium on the in vitro ruminal fermentation rate and extent of three typical total mixed rations in northern China[J].Livestock Science,2014,167(9):154-160.
[16]Moss A R,Jouany J P,Newbold J,et al.Methane production by ruminants:Its contribution to g lobal warming[J].Annales De Zootechnie,2000,49(3):231-253.
[17]Getachew G,Robinson P H,Depeters E J,et al.Relationships between chemical compositions,dr y matter degradation and in vitrogas production of several ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,111:57-71.
[18]Krishnamoorthy U,Steingass H,Menke K H.Preliminary observations on the relationship betwee n gas production and microbial protein synthesis in vitro[J].Archiv Animal Nutrition,1991,41(5):521-526.
[19]Menke K H,Steingass H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Anim Res Dev,1988,28(1):7-55.
[20]Depeters E J,Bath D L.Canola meal versus cottonseed meal as the protein supplement in dairy diets[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1986,69(1):148-154.
[21]Erdman R A,Hemken R W,Bull L S.Dietary sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide for earl y postpartum lactating dairy cows:effects on production,acid-base metabolism,and digestion.[J].Journ al of Dairy Science,1982,65(5):712-731.
[22]Williams A G,Coleman G S.The rumen protozoa[M].New York,NY:Springer-Verlag,1991.
[23]Jouany J P.Effect of rumen protozoa on nitrogen utilization by ruminants.[J].Journal of Nutrition,1996,126(4):1335S-1346S.
[24]Williams A G,Withers S E.Changes in the rumen microbial population and its activities during the refaunation period after the reintroduction of ciliate protozoa into the rumen of defaunated sheep.[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,1993,39(1):61-69.
[25]Howard B H.Biochem J.89,89P as cited in:R.E.Hungate.The Rumen and Its Microbes.p 139.[M].San Diego,CA:Academic Press,1963.
[26]Lee S S,Choi C K,Ahn B H,et al.In vitro stimulation of rumen microbial fermentation by a rumen anaerobic fungal culture[J].Animal Feed science and Technology,2004,115(3):215-226.
[27]Pirondini M,Colombini S,Malagutti L,et al.Effects of a selection of additives on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and in situ and in vivo NDF digestibility.[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(1):59-68.
[28]Wang Y,Mcallister T A,Yanke L J,et al.Effect of steroidal saponin from Yucca schidigera extr act on ruminal microbes.[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2000,88(5):887,896.
[29]Castillejos L,Calsamiglia S,Ferret A.Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbi al fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(89):2649-2658.
[30]Stewart C S,Flint H J,Bryant M P.The rumen bacteria,in The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem,e d.by Hobson PN and Stewart CS[M].London:Blackie Academic&Professional,1997.
[31]Wang Y,Alexander T W,Mc Allister T A.In vitro effects of phlorotannins from Ascophyllum no dosum(brown seaweed)on rumen bacterial populations and fermentation[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2009,89(13):2252-2260.
[32]Mcsweeney C S,Palmer B,Bunch R,et al.Effect of the tropical forage calliandra on microbial protein synthesis and ecology in the rumen[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2001,90(1):78-88.
[33]Kim W Y,M D H,Lee S J,et al.Effects of Cordyceps militaris on the growth of rumen micro organisms and in vitro rumen fermentation with respect to methane emissions[J].Journal of Dairy Scie nce,2014,97:7065-7075.
[2]Huang J Z,Liang Z Q,Liu A Y.Protection on the anamorph of Cordyceps pruinosa Petch to anti-ultraviolet radiation in Bacillus thuringiensis[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1992,5:63-67.
[3]魏建忠,张玮,李郁,等.地顶孢霉培养物对保育仔猪生产性能及免疫水平的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009(2):33-35.
[4]孙汉巨,李晓祥,丁琦,等.虫草饲料添加剂对蛋鸭生产性能及鸭蛋品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(6):3618-3620.
[5]Deng B,Wang Z P,Tao W J,et al.Effects of polysaccharides from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensi s on growth performance,immunity and antioxidant indicators of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vanna mei[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,21(2):173-179.
[6]Wang M,Meng X Y,Yang R L,et al.Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides can enhance the immu nity and antioxidation activity in immunosuppressed mice[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,89(2):461-466.
[7]Ahn Y J,Park S J,Lee S G,et al.Cordycepin:selective growth inhibitor derived from liquid cul ture of cordyceps militaris against Clostridium spp[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2000,48(7):2744-2748.
[8]Koh J H,Suh H J,Ahn T S.Hot-water extract from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis as a substitut e for antibiotic growth promoters[J].Biotechnology Letters,2003,25(7):585-590.
[9]AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis.17th ed.[M].Arlington,VA,USA:Association of Official A nalytical Chemist.,2000.
[10]李洋,王明君,李仲玉,等.不同比例的湿玉米纤维饲料对奶牛瘤胃降解规律与表观消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(7):54-59.
[11]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[12]Chang C,Lue M,Pan T.Determination of adenosine,cordycepin and ergosterol contents in cultiv ated Antrodia camphorata by HPLC method.[J].Journal of Food and Drug Analysis,2005,13(4):338-342.
[13]辛杭书,段春宇,张永根,等.饲粮中添加海南霉素对奶牛瘤胃微生物区系的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(11):2249-2256.
[14]Khafipour E,Li S,Plaizier J C,et al.Rumen microbiome composition determined using two nut ritional models of subacute ruminal acidosis[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(22):7115-7124.
[15]Pang D G,Yang H J,Cao B B,et al.The beneficial effect of Enterococcus faecium on the in vitro ruminal fermentation rate and extent of three typical total mixed rations in northern China[J].Livestock Science,2014,167(9):154-160.
[16]Moss A R,Jouany J P,Newbold J,et al.Methane production by ruminants:Its contribution to g lobal warming[J].Annales De Zootechnie,2000,49(3):231-253.
[17]Getachew G,Robinson P H,Depeters E J,et al.Relationships between chemical compositions,dr y matter degradation and in vitrogas production of several ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,111:57-71.
[18]Krishnamoorthy U,Steingass H,Menke K H.Preliminary observations on the relationship betwee n gas production and microbial protein synthesis in vitro[J].Archiv Animal Nutrition,1991,41(5):521-526.
[19]Menke K H,Steingass H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Anim Res Dev,1988,28(1):7-55.
[20]Depeters E J,Bath D L.Canola meal versus cottonseed meal as the protein supplement in dairy diets[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1986,69(1):148-154.
[21]Erdman R A,Hemken R W,Bull L S.Dietary sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide for earl y postpartum lactating dairy cows:effects on production,acid-base metabolism,and digestion.[J].Journ al of Dairy Science,1982,65(5):712-731.
[22]Williams A G,Coleman G S.The rumen protozoa[M].New York,NY:Springer-Verlag,1991.
[23]Jouany J P.Effect of rumen protozoa on nitrogen utilization by ruminants.[J].Journal of Nutrition,1996,126(4):1335S-1346S.
[24]Williams A G,Withers S E.Changes in the rumen microbial population and its activities during the refaunation period after the reintroduction of ciliate protozoa into the rumen of defaunated sheep.[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,1993,39(1):61-69.
[25]Howard B H.Biochem J.89,89P as cited in:R.E.Hungate.The Rumen and Its Microbes.p 139.[M].San Diego,CA:Academic Press,1963.
[26]Lee S S,Choi C K,Ahn B H,et al.In vitro stimulation of rumen microbial fermentation by a rumen anaerobic fungal culture[J].Animal Feed science and Technology,2004,115(3):215-226.
[27]Pirondini M,Colombini S,Malagutti L,et al.Effects of a selection of additives on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and in situ and in vivo NDF digestibility.[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(1):59-68.
[28]Wang Y,Mcallister T A,Yanke L J,et al.Effect of steroidal saponin from Yucca schidigera extr act on ruminal microbes.[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2000,88(5):887,896.
[29]Castillejos L,Calsamiglia S,Ferret A.Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbi al fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(89):2649-2658.
[30]Stewart C S,Flint H J,Bryant M P.The rumen bacteria,in The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem,e d.by Hobson PN and Stewart CS[M].London:Blackie Academic&Professional,1997.
[31]Wang Y,Alexander T W,Mc Allister T A.In vitro effects of phlorotannins from Ascophyllum no dosum(brown seaweed)on rumen bacterial populations and fermentation[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2009,89(13):2252-2260.
[32]Mcsweeney C S,Palmer B,Bunch R,et al.Effect of the tropical forage calliandra on microbial protein synthesis and ecology in the rumen[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2001,90(1):78-88.
[33]Kim W Y,M D H,Lee S J,et al.Effects of Cordyceps militaris on the growth of rumen micro organisms and in vitro rumen fermentation with respect to methane emissions[J].Journal of Dairy Scie nce,2014,97:7065-7075.