从意识的“困难问题”看物理主义的困境
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- 英文论文题名：Analysis on the Predicament of Physicalism from the ‘Hard Problem’ of Consciousness
- 论文作者：李莉莉
- 英文论文作者：Li-Lili ; School of Education Science ; Xinjiang Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：新疆师范大学教育科学学院;
- 论文关键词：意识的"困难问题" ; 现象意识 ; 感受性质 ; 物理主义
- 英文论文关键词：‘hard problem’ of consciousness ; phenomenal consciousness ; qualia ; physicalism
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.7
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：3
- 文件大小：834k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
物理主义在当代面临着各种反对意见,其原因之一在于物理主义无法解释作为意识首要特征的感受性质问题,这一问题被查莫斯视为心身问题的真正困难部分。感受性质问题使得物理主义陷入一种两难的境地。站在物理主义的立场来看,一方面,如果感受性质是一种物理属性,那么已有的物理主义显然没有将其蕴含于其中,这样,物理主义必须从根本上转变自己的逻辑基础,重新构建一种理论体系以将感受性质包含进来。另一方面,如果物理主义承认感受性质是非物理的存在,那么物理主义就彻底地失败了。无论是哪一种情况,物理主义都陷入了无法自拔的困境。实际上,意识的"困难问题"是从物理主义的立场上看待现象意识时所产生的迷惑和提法,它投射出了物理主义的真正困境,即过分地追求事实以至于忽视了宏观的现象世界与人的整体生活。在物理主义的研究纲领中,意识被还原为脑的活动状态、功能和性质,直接导致了人的生存状态、意义和价值的缺失,物理主义除了增加我们对事实的了解之外没有对整体人性提供更有价值的描述,这使得物理主义在整个宏观的生活领域中陷入了困境。虽然物理主义者从意识的"困难问题"看到了物理主义的缺憾,但是由于他们堕于物理主义世界观之中,无法突破事实性研究的框架,因此,面对这一"困难",物理主义者并没有意识到自身的真正困境及其解决方案,导致物理主义的内部超越失败于一时。事实上,对物理主义的超越绝不是仅仅增加一种新的属性,也绝不是在方法论意义上将生理指标与心理体验对应起来。物理主义要想摆脱困境并实现超越,必须重新审视自己的逻辑基础和理论要义。一种应然的走向是,物理主义放弃其对意识进行单纯还原性解释的野心和宏大计划,改变对待意识的态度。应该看到,意识作为人类进化的结果,"奇迹中的奇迹",不应该仅仅是科学实验台上的被研究对象,而更应该成为人类赖以研究世界和自身的重要工具。
Physicalism has been confronted with kinds of objections in contemporary times because of its failure to explain the qualia problem as the primary character of consciousness which is called the real hard part of mind-body problem by David Chalmers. The qualis problem brought physicalism into a dilemma circumstances. From the physicalism point of view, if the qualia for one thing is some physical attribute, the old physicalism obviously didn't include it, so physicalism must change its fundamental programme to reconstruct a new theory system which can take account of the qualia. If physicalism admits that qualia is some immateriality for the other, it is almost to declare the failure thoroughly. Physicalism gets into the predicament either of it that can't help itself. Actually, the ‘hard problem' of consciousness is a confusion and parlance which come from the physicalism point of view. It projects the real predicament of physicalism, that is the over-pursuiting of fact makes it neglect the macro-phenomenon world and the whole life of man. In the programme of physicalism, the consciousness is reducted to the action, function and nature of the brain, the existing, meaning and value of man thus be missed. Physicalism didn't provide any valuable description to humanity besides increasing the knowledge of fact. Although physicalists realized the defection of physicalism from the ‘hard problem' of consciousness, they are so immersed in physical world view that couldn't broke the frame of fact researching, as a result, the transcending from inner by physicalism is necessarily failed. Aa a matter of fact, the transcending to physicalism is not just adding a new quality, neither to make the physiologic index parallel to the psychic experience in the sense of methodology. It is necessary to look upon its theory foundation and essential insight for physicalism to get rid of the predicament and achieve transcending. It must be that physicalism give up the ambition which deem the reductive explaination to consciousness be the only scientific and correct way. As to consciousness, the result of human evolovement, "the miracle in all miracles", we must regard it not only the object on scientific experimental table, but as the means by which mankind to research the world and himself.
Physicalism has been confronted with kinds of objections in contemporary times because of its failure to explain the qualia problem as the primary character of consciousness which is called the real hard part of mind-body problem by David Chalmers. The qualis problem brought physicalism into a dilemma circumstances. From the physicalism point of view, if the qualia for one thing is some physical attribute, the old physicalism obviously didn't include it, so physicalism must change its fundamental programme to reconstruct a new theory system which can take account of the qualia. If physicalism admits that qualia is some immateriality for the other, it is almost to declare the failure thoroughly. Physicalism gets into the predicament either of it that can't help itself. Actually, the ‘hard problem' of consciousness is a confusion and parlance which come from the physicalism point of view. It projects the real predicament of physicalism, that is the over-pursuiting of fact makes it neglect the macro-phenomenon world and the whole life of man. In the programme of physicalism, the consciousness is reducted to the action, function and nature of the brain, the existing, meaning and value of man thus be missed. Physicalism didn't provide any valuable description to humanity besides increasing the knowledge of fact. Although physicalists realized the defection of physicalism from the ‘hard problem' of consciousness, they are so immersed in physical world view that couldn't broke the frame of fact researching, as a result, the transcending from inner by physicalism is necessarily failed. Aa a matter of fact, the transcending to physicalism is not just adding a new quality, neither to make the physiologic index parallel to the psychic experience in the sense of methodology. It is necessary to look upon its theory foundation and essential insight for physicalism to get rid of the predicament and achieve transcending. It must be that physicalism give up the ambition which deem the reductive explaination to consciousness be the only scientific and correct way. As to consciousness, the result of human evolovement, "the miracle in all miracles", we must regard it not only the object on scientific experimental table, but as the means by which mankind to research the world and himself.
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