猪肠道微生物代谢与思考
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摘要
肠道微生物及其代谢对动物机体健康与疾病的发挥着关键性影响和调控作用。哺乳动物的肠道不仅是进行消化和吸收营养物质的主要部位,肠道中有大量复杂多样的微生物通过或者定殖,对维持胃肠系统的生理动态平衡发挥着至关重要的作用。随着研究的不断深入,日粮和营养食谱中的"fiber gap",肠道微生物的"bowel cleansing"功能,"traveling microbiome"的调节作用,"live probiotits"的干预方式等,成为最新研究热点。从营养学的角度看,肠道微生物既影响着动物机体对营养物质的吸收和代谢,又调控着宿主日常的生理功能、疾病免疫等方面。肠道菌群已被证实能够通过微生物-脑-肠轴与机体进行相互调控,从而达到改变宿主的机体代谢和肠道屏障功能以及免疫系统稳态的效果,且肠道微生物的代谢可能是通过微生物-脑-肠轴来调节宿主的生理机能和健康状况。本文概述了以猪为代表的肠道微生物区系及其代谢产物对宿主肠道健康的影响,并且阐述了肠道微生物和机体整体代谢之间的互作关系,并对未来的研究热点进行了展望。
引文
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